THK REPUBLICAN , OUSTER COUNTY , NEBRASKA.
Sunny
Monday
' ' , - Kmgof Laundry
SO ATS. Yellow .soups
contain rosin , St'NNY MONIAY ) coninins
no rosin.
S'Sunny Monday bubbles wi II wash away
your iroubes. "
ITse ( ohl Oust it- -
is better and cheaper
tlian yelow soap.
BuySunny Monday
and ( iold Dusl
-of-
- -
J. N.
Why use wood alcohol
when you can buy raiii al
cohol dcuaturi'/.cd , just as
cheap ? Denatured alcohol
has a pleasant odor and is
harmless to use.
Wood alcohol has been
known to cause blindness.
Denatured alcohol can be
used for cooking1 , heating' ,
etc.
S , R. LEE
The Busy Druggist
Schedule of Broken Bow Mnili.
POUCH US I'OKTlllt KABT CLOSK AS I'OMCWSt
Train No 40 li a in
Train No 42 < > :3) : ) a m
Train No 44 7.0 ! p in
IUUCIIKS I'OK THK WHSf CLOHIt AS l'l.U1\VS :
Train No 4.J S.OO lt m
Train No 41 7:30 i > in
flfluv open Sunday fiomii .10 to 10 , . ! ) a in.
uct'V. iiajs , 0 M.I in to7ui ; ) | in
B. & M. Train Schedule
WP.ST HOUND r.AHT iio.MP.n
No. W d:20 : a m No. 40 (1:10 ( : a in
No. 41 ll : ' . ' ? j. m No. 4'i < ) : W a in
No. 41 S:2iaiu : No. 44 11:27 : p m
Non 39 anil 40 run lietucen Lincoln anil Itiokrn
llcm only , anil not on Sunday *
rrelulit traltiu Nos 47 ami 4s carry tiasseiiKi-rs
Inil .ire run at extras
Drink "Blue Ribbon" coffee
Roasted fresh every day. 24tf.
BUSINESS HOINTIiHb.
Dr. Mass , Dentist. OverMcComas'
Drs. Karnsworth & Heck
Dentists.
Diink "lilue Ribbon" coffee.
Roasted fresh ovc y day. 24-11.
FOR SAIK. Four room house
with 1-6 block of ground. ClobC
in. II. Sinionson 22-tf
Drink "Blue Ribbon" colfee.
Roasted fresh every day. 2Hf.
Drink "Blue Ribbon" coffee.
Uoasied fresh every day. 24-tf
1 have now arranged to take
care of a general collection busi
ness , having secured a competent
clerk and stenographer , and -.11
collections will receive prompt
and energetic attention.
20-tf N. T. GAnn
Dr. Warrick the Hastings
Specialist , will meet eye , ear nose
and throat patients , and those
needing glasses properly fitted
at Grand Centr.il in the Bow Fri
day , Feb. 1 ( ) . ICycs tested Iree.
Strajeil.
One large heavy-boned bay
marc , Clyde stock , about thir
teen years old. Anyone will be
rewarded by notifying
Du H. C. TAT.iiorof Berwyn
or L. II. JKWUTT , Broken Bow.
We are in the maikct FOR
Will T R a ml Y15 L LO W GOWN.
Will pay the highest price of
fered on the Broken Bow mar
ket. Call and sei : us before sell
ing. 34-tf
S. J. LoNKKliAN
A I'ann.
For rent near town Can re
side in City and faun. dO acres
in cultivation balance good pas
ture. A good supply of water.
Call early. JAS. Lumvieu.
If a Girl is in Love ,
Thats Her Business.
If a Man is in Love ,
Thats His Business.
If They Want to Get Married ,
Thats Their Business.
But if They Meed an Auctioneer.
Thats our Business.
TINDER & O'RORKE
Broken Bow - - Nebraska.
Write , Phone or Wire us Tor dales at our ex
pense. Plume 3iJ.
Market. Day sales Broken Bow Feb. Itt and 27
Anselmo u 20 Mar. ,
Farm Sale W. B. Frey , February 2 ( > th.
Farm Sale P. S. Barcns , February 23rd
Consult Us Before Advertising Your Sale.
IV. Water In Its Relation to Plant Growth
By C. V. GREGORY ,
Agricultural 'Division. lolva State College
CoDVflidit. 11)09 , bv AtncJlcnn Press Association
" - - -
- - ' " - - " - * * . .
( J VV'VV"f * >
'h ln\e ii'.Tijidy learned Home-
Ihi' valuo'of M-ator
as a plum food This la
.uil.\ . one up Its iiiliinr uses ,
li..up\i'i In addition to ihi > \\nlcr
ulm li i. ( lcciinpiSL'l ( by the plllllt mill
) ' i'l in in.iKliiK 'iturcli mid ( itlier pnul
in H iii.m.v UIIHVS us much Is usud for
ollici purposes Ono of tlio principal
< > l llicsc is dlssohhiK plant food and
( ! iir.\liiK II upuaid to tlio Icau's. Aft
er rciu-liliiK ( lie leaves most of I boa -
( er Is evapoialed , leaving in tlio lout
( ills ( be inalerlals ubleb it brought
up.
up.The
The cells of which the loaves are
inaile ate very delicate and depend for
their stiffness on the water which "they
I'onliilnVllhnut this water they
Mould collapse In the name May a hi-
tv'le tire docs \\hen the air is let i ut
llils Is the \ery thing that happens
Mhen the leaves wilt. The rise of
Mater from the roots 1ms boon checked
In some M-ay , and as evaporation Btill
continues the leaf cells become partly
emptied and Hhrlnlc up.
The loaves are not entirely helpless
at such a time , however. On each hide
of the tiny pores on the underside of
the loaf Is a cell ktioun an a fiu.ud
coll. When the supply of moisture
begins to fall , these Kunrd cells shrink
up and In doing ho close the openings ,
tluiH chooklnf ; evaporation. In Koine
plants , like corn , the luiuos curl up at
Bitch a time , thus still further lessen-
IIIK the rate of evaporation. Of course
when a loaf Is wilted In this manner
the work of building up plant tissues
Is seriously chocked. This often hap
pens during the dry weather of July
and August , when the soil becomes so
dry that the roots have dllllcully In
obtaining the needed moisture. The
chocking of development which losults
often ieduces the jlolil of corn as
mm h as twenty to thirty bushels per
acre and that of other crops In pro
portion. Tor every pound of dry
matter In a mature plant from 300 to
fiOO pounds of water have boon brought
'up ' 1 > .v the roots and evaporated from
the loaves One of the most Impor
tant factors In the production of a
maximum crop Is the maintenance of
a plentiful water supply within easy
reach of the roots.
There are three classes of water in
the soil The Hist is known as ground
water and Is that water which col
lects In a hole dug In a wet soil or
runs off thiough the tile in drained
laud. The second Is the capillary
water and Is that which Is left be
tween the soil particles after the
ground water has been drawn off.
The ground water Is affected by grav
itation , while the capillary water Is
not.
not.If
If a sample of soil that looks per-
Ifoctly do Is placed In an oven and
iheated for some lime It will be found
that Is has lost considerably In weight ,
.owing to moisture being driven off.
'This ' Is the thlul class , or hydroscoplc
moist me. This , of course , Is of no
| \aluo to the plant , since the roots
jcannot extract moisture from an air
'
'dry holl. Neither can they use the
ground water. This is really a dam
age In the upper two or three feet of
( soil , since It so fills the spaces that
the roots cannot get enough air.
During a lain the ground water
ipasslng through the soil draws con
siderable air with It. As soon as the
IriQ , VIII HOW TII.K DHAINS A1TECT THE
, WATl'.H TAHJjli.
TO. aurlnco of tlio Kround ; Water t.i-
blo ; G , Kromulivtcr , T , tlio drains ]
lull becomes saturated , however , so
'that ' the water Is no longer moUng ,
t nh soon becomes used up , and the
ciop will turn yellow and cease to
glow The lomedy , of course , is to
proIde drains to remove the ground
water quickly.
i The tmlj Kind of water which the
roots can use Is the capillary water.
When this Is present In the right
amount , it tills about half of the
spares between the soil particles. The
the rest are lllled with air. The water
easllj dissolves plaut food from the
* boll grains which It surrounds. Thus
the t\\o essentials for rapid root de
velopment , air and plant food , are
.present . In the proper amounts and In
ja readll.s available form. As fast as
It ho water Is taken up by the roots
( more Is brought up by capillarity fiom
'the ' suppl.v In the subsoil In the man-
( uer noted In article No. ' ' .
The place whcie the capillary water
Joins the ground water Is called the
watei table If this water table Is
fcoo high , the feeding ground of the
routs Is greatlj restricted , since they
cannot g below It. If , on tlio other
hand the water table Is too deep ,
( capillarity cannot bring the water up
Jas fast as It Is used by the roots.
In rtrj weather the water table lowers -
ors rapldl.N. but the roots are also
growing downward at the saint tlmo.
The uroatest damage from drought
comes when > i sudden dry period fol
lows a few weeks of excessive rain
fall The abundance of moisture dur
ing the early part of the season h is
kept the plant H from sending their
roots down very deep. When dry
weather does come , the soil bakes and
cracks and evaporation goes on very
rapidly. This , together with the de
mands made by the plants , lowers the
water table so rapidly that root growth
cannot keep pace with It. As a result
the capillary moisture within renc h of
the roots Is not replaced as fast as It
Is used , and the growth of the plants
is seriously checked.
Fields with a clay subsoil withstand
dry weather much better than those
with a subsoil of sand or gravel The
latter , because of their looser texture ,
' & % % ? * *
% % *
I'ld. IX COVKItlNQ THIS TtLB DITf It.
allow the water to lllter down out of
reach instead of retaining it for fu
ture use , as do the clay soils.
The farmer cannot influence the
amount of rainfall , of course. After
the rain has fallen , however , it be
longs to him to do with as he sees lit
The way he handles it from this tlmo
on determines to a large extent the
sl/.o of the crop bo will harvest w hen
fall comes.
The first problem Is to get rid of the
surplus ground water quickly , and the
second Is to waste as little of the cap
illary water as possible. An cndca\
should be made Jo lower the water
table to three or four feet belo\\ the
surface as soon as possible after each
rain. If this can be accomplished In
two or throe days the growth of the
crop will be Interfered with verj lit
tle. A few soils are so well drained
naturally that little artificial drainage
is necessary. On almost anj farm
there are hills and ridges whore the
natural drainage Is sulllciont ' 1 lie
hollows between those elevations , however -
over , and all the flat Holds will j iold
much larger crops If tiled.
The distance a line of tile will "draw"
is In sandy soils often as far a ? HO
foot on each side , while In hca\j cl i.\
soils It may not be moro than sivteen
feet. Ihis distance Is also affected by
the depth of the tile. The deeper they
are placed the faithor they will draw.
Tlio aio usually placed'at an average
depth of about three feet , though in
many Instances four would bo belter.
The cxtia cost of digging the ditch a
foot deeper is something of an objec
tion , but Is balanced by the fact that
the lines of tile do not need to bo as
close together. Deep tile are not as
easily displaced by ficoxing , and a
deeper feeding ground for the roots Is
provided.
A mlstako made more frequeutlj
than that of not putting the drains in
docp enough Is that of using too small
tile. The character of the soil , the fall
and the amount of surface drained are
the fac tors w hlch largely determine
the proper size to use Almost every
book or bulletin of tile drainage gives
tables for figuring the sire of tile re
quired under various conditions If
there Is any doubt it always pays to
got a size -too large rather than a size
too small , oven if the cost Is a little
more
It is usually better to let the job of
tiling to a contiactor rather than to at
tempt to do it yourself. There are re
liable tilers In almost every localltj
who can bo depended upon to lay the
tile to grade and do a first class job in
cver.particular. . Only the hard burn
ed tlio should be used. These will last
for a lifetime or longer if properly put
In. When tile go within fifteen or
twont.v loot of trees the Joints should
be cemented. Otherwise the tree roots
will find their way through the Joints
and fill up the dialns to such an extent
that the How of water will bo cut off
The most important part of a drain
age system is the outlet. The tile
should empty Into a stream If possible.
Water should not bo allowed to stand
over the mouth of the outlet If it can
to avoided , as this checks the current
mid causes the drain to partly fill up
vitli slit , thus reducing its capacity
Just that much.
With a thorough system of tlio drain
age In good working order the problem
of getting rid of surplus water is
solved. Tiling also helps to solve the
problem of lack of water. The roots
go dovv n so much deeper in a tiled
j.oll that they are In position to with
stand a drought bettor than if they
\vere a foot or two farther above the
water table. Removing the surplus
water by dialnago alee hastens the
warming of the soil In the spring.
Sheppard & Burk
IIEADQUAKTRHS I1 OR
JUST GROCERIES
Wit HAVK A NICK NKW UNR Or
Dates , Importd Figs , Honey , Celery ,
Cranberries , Sweet Potatoes ,
Dill Pickles , Candied Cherries ,
Candied Citron Peal ,
Candied Lemon Peal ,
Orange Peal , Nut Meats ,
After Dinner Mints ,
u all kinds of Nuts. New crop is now in. We also have
fine fresh Oysters right from Baltimore big- ones the kind
YOU CAN FRY.
' 'Ifl FOR OUR fem
Baldwin Nut and Lump m fe'
Cannon and Nigger Head Coal
WE ALSO NOW HAVE NICE PEA COAL
Tlxo
RAS ANDERSON
DEALER IN
CRA1N AND COAL
Feed in large ana small quantities at both wholesale
and retail.
Special attention given to filling orders for coal
in any quantity.
Broken Bow , - - Nebraska \
Send your Abstract Orders to ISh ife
T fi T " fw A * p * n
J. U. JLiaUJ\.eiiwJ
. . , , \ . ,
Bonded Abstractor
Office in Security State Bank B'ld'ng
1908 WHITEHALL POLAND-CHINAS 1908
as money can buy or skill produce.
IN SI5RVICU
Rt'IIXN BOY .p. 75 ,
1st and Sweepstakes nt Nebraska State Pair 1907.
\VlIITKHALL KING 48003 ,
Ofsell nigh faultless conformation and breeding.
7 SOWS AVERAGED 12 PIGS , SPRING ' 08. 7
Sows Sired By : King Look 24459 , Grand Look 38305 , Chief Tec. 3rd. 20740 ,
Young Tec. 42106. , standard Chief 2nd etc.
Stock for Sale at Private Treaty No Public Sale This Fall.
M. E. Vandenberg , - - - Sargent , Nebraska.
ABSTRACTING
BROKEN BOW ABSTRACT CO. BONDED
Farm Loans Quickly Closed
I. A. RENEAU
MITCHELL
$1000 , $1500 and $2000 F. O. B. ROCINE. WIS.
This ar Arrives Friday , Feb'y 5 , 09.
ome in and Look it Over.
W. E. Taltot. A. G. Martin.