( BRITISH HISTORIAN )
APAN Is doubling Its fight
ing strength on water.
The eyes of the whole
world are on the ori
ental kingdom , for the
Japanese admiralty has
started a decided inno
vation in accomplishing that purpose.
An almost unbelievable amount of
cash is not expended in this move
ment , but the Russian vessels , cap
tured in the Russo-Japanese war , are
being re-equipped , re-armored , more
guns are being installed and the gen
eral appearance and strength of the
entire navy , including the craft which
were under the mikado's jurisdiction
before the war , is being heightened.
Into Japan's plans are being thrown
the most modern of ideas and every
possible weakness , noted In the recent
war , is being banished in the strength
ening process. Since the recent in
stallation of a new Japanese cabinet , a
part announcement of plans has been
Prof. Carl Meyers' Electrical Aerial Torpedo.
given to the world , and by the exer
tion of bits of imagination hero and
there naval experts declare they fore
see one of the strongest navies whichever
over kicked up spray in the Pacific.
Here's the way It's being done , this
being the official announcement given
out by the Japanese admiralty bu
reau at Tokyo :
"Tho Japanese admiralty has de
cided upon a large scheme of rearma
ment instead of building new ships ,
the armaments of the old will be
altered so as to bring them Into line
1 with the most modern Ideas and with
the requirements indicated bytho war
with Hussla. Thus vessels of the
Mikasa type which have hitherto car
ried four 12-inch guns and 14 six-inch
will henceforth carry four ten-inch
instead of 11 six-inch , so that their
principal armament will be brought up
to eight pieces of heavy caliber. In
fact , their fighting strength will be
doubled. Similarly in the case of ves
sels like the Retvisan , taken during
the war. their now arament will con
sist of four 12-inch and four ten-inch
pieces , the latter being substituted for
the 12 six-inch which these vesbels
originally carried.
"When the programme Is carried out
it will have the advantage of creating
a thoroughly homogeneous fighting
force.
"First-class cruisers are to bo added
to the navy. These ships will have a
displacement of 18,650 tons with a
horse power of 44,000 and a speed of
25 knots. They will be 450 feet long
over all with 80 feet beam and a draft
of 25 feet. Their armor will be seven
inches nnd their
armament will con
sist of ten 12-Inch guns , some six-
inch and ten 4.7-Inch. Ono or these
ships is to bo built at Kure. "
Every year naval efficiency Is
reaching a higher plane nnd experts
declare It to bo a physiological cer
tainty that a more powerful mode of
warfare on the water must come. That
has been the trend of events from
time memorial. One may go back Into
history to the time when the Norse-
Santos-Dumont and His Airship.
2 = vtwfc N3&i
Capt. Baldwin's Airship.
men fought from rafts. Later came
tholr crude canoes and then the
Vikings. Several hundred years
elapsed and big nations fought from
behind bulwarks on wooden ships. Ef
forts wore then made to put speed into
the sailing vessels. The discovery
of the steam engine helped this.
Then came the eventual discarding of
wooden vessels. This was brought about
In America when the battle between
the Monitor and Merrlmac was fought
and the fight In Itself marked a step
in naval warfare. The Merrlmac" em
bodied an Idea up to that time un-
thought of In its armor of stool rails
laid half a foot or more thick on Its
sides and top. No shells of that time
were found able to pierce this arrange
ment. But the Monitor came along
with its revolving turret , Ironclad , and.
northerners say , bested the Merrl
mac. Right in that battle were two
steps in naval progress , and Capt.
Ericsson , whoso family trco dates
back to the times of the Norseman ,
was the Iriventor of the biggest move
towards a high standard of efficiency
when ho perfected the revolving ,
armored turret.
What this invention will be one ran
only guess and most of to-day's guesses
are poor. From present Indications ,
however , the airship la to be a factor ,
and when the inventor turns out an
aeroplane which can carry men and
shells in sufficient quantity to do real
damage , then our Impressive battle
ships will be melted Into steel rails.
Each year the powers are putting
more money into their marine fightIng -
Ing apparatus , and Germany and Eng
land , more especially , are eying oai-h
other's navul budget In an anxious
matter. Most readers of foreign news
B.y *
J :
will recall , the session of parliament
which dealt with the last British
naval budget , the largest In the his
tory ol the nation. Emperor William
ot Germany , It was reported at the
time , addressed a personal communi
cation to Lord Tweedmouth , who had
charge of the naval end of England's
wcllfnro , asking the latter to cut his
naval budget. This story was not de
nied , but talk of It was so avoided by
olllclals that the British public to-day
bollevo that the letter actually was re
ceived. It aroused criticism from all
nritaln. It Is said that the kaiser
realized that the two biggest nations
of the old world must keep pace with
each other In this line , and perhaps
feeling that a largo expenditure by
Germany was not advisable , realized
that the only avcnno of exit from such
a possibility was to see the British
budget reduced.
President Hooscvolt's feelings on the
matter were amply told In the record
of the last congress when ho tried to
got that august body to appropriate
for four new warships. However , there
there were too many men of peaceful
nnd public buildings Inclinations
among the wearers of the toga and
they dealt a solar plexus blow to the
project , from which It only half re
covered to the extent of two war-
iihlps. Both of those vessels have
already been launched.
With Japan , the llttlo terror of the
far east , burnishing up Us navy , the
probabilities arc that the powers may
go even farther next year In expendi
tures for warships , and the only block ,
to the great amount expended secmfl
to be the devising of some now mode
Model of England's Military Airship.
of warfare which will render warships
useless.
Of course every country maintains
a land force , but all realize that the
best move against an oncoming enemy
Is to beat them to the Imttlellold , and
ns a consequence , the usual approach
being water , the navies of the world
are strengthened to tholr top-most
point. Russia has not yet recovered
from Its sot-to with the mikado's sub
jects , but the scrap loft the Japs with
a few more battlo-tihlps and a splendid
plan for strengthening their navy
without expending great sums of
money and contracting now loans.
Going farther Into the probabilities
of the new style of warfare which
seems Imminent , wo may 1mvo battles
of the air a very dangerous mode of
scrapping to the uninterested specta
tor below. Probably that would bo th < \
deadliest sort of combat known , for In
"sinking" an airship every man aboard
would undoubtedly bo killed by hard
compact with mother earth.
Then , on the other hand , perhaps
there will be no future wars , at least
among the largo and civilized powers.
Of course the barbarians will break
out occasionally , but among the bigger
nations there are now so many peace
bodies that ono has to walk about
carefully in order not to encounter
doves of peace , minus feathers. There
are dozens of International peace and
arbitration societies whoso ono thoi..o
is "don't shoot , " and these hold B ( i-
slons annually. It Is said that tiny
really cement relations between coun
tries and the time may come when
thf-y will become FO numerous that con-
Illct will be impossible without slaying
brothers. The Hague tribunal is an
other medium of the big powora , al
ways ready to decide llttlo disputes
which threaten to develop into "Inter
national complications. "
As a consequence it looks dark fir
the dogs of war and just as inky ff r
the men of peace , who would keep the
canines tied. But come what wU
within a generation or two the worl 1
Is to be given some now fighting fort-o
which will astound the nations , not In
on the secret , to such an extent that
I hero will either bo an entire cessa
tion of all hostilities or some two wl 1
get together and ono will bo mad *
such a beautiful example of that tl o
watching nations will decide that Gen.
Sherman was right about war.
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