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ON THE TRAIL OF THE
AMERICAN MISSIONARY
ByVILLIAM T. ELLIS
This Dlstln/ulshed / American Journalist Is Trllvehn Around Ihe World for
the Purpose ollnveslll1l1l1nsr Ihe hmerlclln . ( torehn MiSSionary Irom
II. f'ur ly DI lnlerMltd , Seculat IInd Non.Seclllrllln SllIndpolnt ,
Illustrated wllh Drawll1s ! : and IroOl PholOl/rl\phs ,
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Mohammed s Forces Center
In Cosmopolitan Cairo
.
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fl
CaIro. gg-ypt.-lnIHl:1 , ChInn , Iorl'a
IUHt Inliia havc nl1 got Oil thl' wMltl'a
IICWS cnbles c\nco \ \\'I'Otl' nhout them
In this conC's ! > olldollce ; thC" salll ! ! will
bo t 1'110 of g rllt , 01' I am 110 rl'atler of
IIlaln ulgns. 'rho I1l1r ( > st of 1' En'llt If !
lJollnd to nSRC'rl ItseH NO . Ollg III
WII ) ' thnt will comntttlllt thl' I..tcntlllll
of cl\'ll1zntloll , 'rho IOlul lIIullol'llISS ,
to bo h'al'll III the cnfl'B anel hazal's.
nl'e not the tholighUC'ss V:1IIO\'IIISH : \ of
the hHo : u'el' ) ' rOllsllllra blo 111'01101"
floll of the IJCOlllo , I II r It 111 111 ! ; the 111'0'
I''sslve , Olll1Cllted "YOl1l1g EgYIIl"
Ilart : . , nro thlnlclllg dl'lInlle thlrlga
( 'ollc < . 'l'nlng the ovorthl'ow or the Eng.
IIsh power , I..ol'd CI'Ol111'r's I'eront do-
Imrt1ll'0 WIIS mUllo the oecl1slon for so
IIHlli ) ' ol1tsllOlton cl'ltlctilllS ! ngnlnHt
the BrItish that It waR IJI'ecC'doll , liS
' 1 IlrecnlltioIlUr ) ' menHIII'l' , by the
Il1\rado of ull the Brltloh C rces , CIIII ' I
ul'lnctl , through till' street oC Call'o.
Mlsslol1G and Politics.
All this hna a l'l'latlon to the mla.
11101lar ) ' IJl'olHlgan"u , 11'11 In lI\1ho\\'al \ :
ulld re tlcsslICSI ! Is cracking the hard
mface of 1\I0haml1101lnll exclllslVeness
und Illtolorance , Wlll'ro the news.
Ilallor allll the world'fI SIJll'lt enter ,
tl1ol'o I'ellglolls Ilrojuillce canl10t abldn ,
1n their seol11lngh' hOIJeleas assallit
IIllon l lum. the mlsl1lonarlcs have a
IIO\\'crful rCQI1fOl'Cel110nt In the f1edg.
IIn 1\10110rulty of Now ggYIJl.
On the othCl' hand , the mlRRlonarles.
IJr their achools nlld lIlerntme. have
,10no mol'o thnn U' little to nwal\On
gg 'pt from the tOrJOI' } of celltmles ,
lh'ltll1h olllclalR and I gYllinn ( reform.
l'ra have nlllw do/1111101) / ' nilll pllbllcl ) '
Ilclmowledged the Infillential contl'lbll'
lion to t.he cOllnt ! ' ) " ! : ! hlghol' welfnl'o
made h ) ' the American missionary.
Olel EgytJt. the Inlld of the eIead , Is bo ,
coming 0110 of the worl1 new 11ll 1
lions , blesseeI with n IJI'OSIJCl'lty al.
most equal to the nmllzlng Certllity
. .
of Its soli.
The Sword of the Prophet.
Cnh'o Is the clladol nnd cradle of
1\loharllmedantsm \ , Sallgllino Chl'la.
tlnlls IJl'elIcl that , aR the magnll1cent
MohulIlI 1Cd All 'mOlHlne , which 0\01"
loolts the entll'o clt ) ' , Crom .tho slim.
mlt of the atJ.clellt cltadol , Is now Sill"
rOllnded br the sQhllel's of n Chrlstlnll
power , so the I'ollglon which It rOil'
resents Is houlld to succumb to the
I\dvnnco \ oC Chrlsllanlt . , Which Is
1IIOl'e oaslly s\tld ,1IHln "ono , 'I'hls IB
II thul'uugh ) ) ' 1\lohammodllu city. The
'
Christian Ilia ) ' still hear hlll1set'f cllrsed
ns un unbQllovln ! ; ( log , In the baml' : : ! .
and In .the mOSlues ,
What hils 'oflon been calloll the
lIu'gost unlvOl'HIl ) ' In the wUI'lel , the
. highest ellucatlonal Institution of Is.
lam la situated hNe ; and wlwn I visited -
itod It the slbllllllt souud of serjlen tllle
hate followed mo through all the \1U3t
' ' ' heels ' that. there
lucrSIII'C ! , 'l'he ; sa
m'o 10,000 stl1llontB taklll ' the 12.yonr
course In the m Azhlu' mosquo. nl.
though thl ! ofllclala told 11\0 \ that the
number Is muro than 14,000 , 'rhls Is
now the foulltaln head of the force
1W which Mohammedanism has COli'
I ( tucred 232."IGG.170 ! of the world's POilU.
I' ' Intlon , 'rho enl ) ' r < . 'nsoll that this
I force Is no 10llgOl' eXIJ\'CfHWd : by the
sword , I\S formCl'ly , Is that the gl'eat
w rld powers , which are Christians ,
Ilre\'cnt. ClII'lously enough , the
I Christian cmtJOI'or. of Gl'ent Brltllin
unit lu ln rules oVOI'more 1\luhanllued ,
ulla than IIIIY othOl' so\'erelgn , In
Bsnt there are about 9,000.000 fol ,
! I lowers oC Islam , 720,000 COlltlc Chris ,
tlall , nnd a sll1all scattering of Jews
. J and Protot > tants ,
, studying , Eating , Sleeping 111 Church ,
I This Azhnr mosque Is IItw ollly It.
; self. The stu ents , who hU\'e com\ \ ;
I from every part of the Mohunlluodal1
In world , do not study oco\lolltal \ ( ash
, lon , in classes ami 11I11101' tea h&rs , 1
I could find no traces ot ol'llInlzatlUlI ;
whate\'el' . The stucll'nts-all mono 01
< : ourso , ; ; at , reclIned or la ) ' ahout tlu
floors In uondescl'llt ! fashion , Occa
slonalI ) " a clustel' wouid ha\'c Owll
hNt S together , swa'ln to ami fr\l
mHt repeatln Iomo : ; passagalOll1 \
nnd In unison , There wew no mod
( ) I'U boolts In evldenco whaten1111
1 I dec , this "unlvl'rslt ) ' " Is 1'01111 : ' i
i 1 school f thoolog ) ' : it will ha\'e notl ;
Ing to do wllh the modern science
or scientific learning. What othe
untversltles teach It eschews : IInd It
branches of sudy wuuld be looked fo
tn vaIn in any college In Clnlslenclon
A man may graduate fro III the Azha :
and ) 'clbe unable to 11IIsa nn exall
luaUnn In the stud leI ! required ft :
lldmlssloll to IIn gngllHh annm
scbool. But the ' Imow the KomI
nud arQ ) ' (1a ) " to rlle Cor . hc fait
'
of the IJr6iJh t.
'I'\Jo \ mosque Is also a lodgln hous
'rho studenta sleOIJ where they stud ;
anrl apparently ther sleCIJ and situ ]
when they pl ase. Likewise , the ) " el
I where thoY1sleop , after the } Jrlmlll ,
. : ' ! fltylo of the east. 'fho IIII slllg of 0
I : Jcca6lopal tourist m'OUS03 sull1clentl
tCfest to set the students to blssll\1
but I was moro dlsturb rl , b ' the v (
&nllor the III lice thnll Ih , theBe hostl
I dcmon rI\Uons , kllowlng thllt the
II 16 no rpal rlanger , since Hl'Hnl1l rul
, : with a 'strollg ' 111\1\\ \ . . . ;
Ungrhtefulness of "The Falthful , "
The famous "howling Dervishes"
CIl\ro \ : ire no longel' to bo Been' 1
VlSIlOis becntJl3.o' ' ( ir fa\'liltl \ ' al 01
.
,
i
i ;
_ < - : ' ' ' : " 't ! : .J- ! . . . .L'T -
broal\s , nlld becnuso of the IUSsUSt. !
Ing chnmctlH' of theil' oxhlbltlon , .
'I'ho I'eat lIood of tom'lsts III Cairo.
maw ] ! > Itself felt In thla respect , belllg
one of the Inllllollces thnt , Impercop.
IUI ; ) ' , 1II1Illl'1111uo the solidarity of Is.
lalll.
1\1 : ' dragomlln throw n. sldo light on
I'ollglous condltlollB , lIe nssurod me
that 11 ( ' In a faithful follower of the
prophet , IwC'ps the fust of HOlllaelon ,
allIl Oh.OI'\'OIl the eary ] Ilra'erB-nl.
though III our ( jays together I failed
to catch hllll at th o , Wo were
roeltlng ncrous the .1 1:10I't : on camels ,
wh11 In hIs torso fnshlon he gllve ut.
teram'e to what Is the practical Inft.
dollt ) . of lIIallY l\Ioslems , "Priests sny
nil Chrlstlnns go to h ll anrl all Mo.
hammedana go to hea\'en , I do not
bellovo It. You think good man who
hus only ono face nud lIIalwg straight
tnlk nnd gives to the poor , will go to
hell because he 113 a ChrIstian ? I rlo
not. Vou thlnlt bnd man , who 1I0s ,
'shows two faces and does mnny
wronl ; things , go to heaven been use
he la a l\Iohammednn ? 1 do not.
Bnd man go to hell ; good man go to
heaven , ; do 1I0t care what priests
say. "
Not only the ndvont of the western
spirit , but also the Immorality oC Its
followers la wealwnlng 1\Tohllmmodnu.
Ism. Cairo Is IJrubahly the wlclwdest
clt ) ' In the world , not even Port Snld
surpnflslug It. 'l'he position of womell
Is Indlcatell hy the stlltemeut on tbe
IHut uf a 1\Ioslom authority , that not
1Ivo IJOI' , COIlt. of the Mohammo an
men rotnlll tholl' flrat wife until denUl ,
D\'orce ! 10 ns COml11011 as It Is easy.
'rho men nro grosaly and. naturally
Immol'ltl. 'rho ) ' dl'lult largo quantities -
ties of liquor l1eslllto the Ilrohlbitlons
of the Ilrollhet. Ollh' olght 1101' cont.
I of the Ilopulatlou clln read and wrlle ,
'rho IJCollle are senllo and Ingonlous
mendlmntu , ' 1' ' hell' religion , which
shoull1 be Intense Mohnmmedanlsm.
has degenerated Into all SOl'ts of SUe
11m'sUtlous.
A Fat Man's Misery.
'rhus. lit the ontl'l\nce to the mosque
I which Is a l1ullllcato uf the Mecca
musCue ) , there stand two marble pll.
1111's. 'rho ocllof Is thllt whoo\"er can
RCueew het ween these two plllnra ts
free fl'om evil and IHlro of 111\I'ndlso ,
B t the lJl1rSon In whoS h art ovl1
reslelen crin In no wise get through ,
Ph 'skal fol'lu Is not tulwn Into'ac. .
count. Our I1rivol' was tenlbly con.
corncil bocuuse ho could not squeeze
through , fJVell aClel' rellloving varIous
arlllollts , AClcl' IIIl1ch effort , nnd nt
the risk of ribs , wo pulled and pushed
him throngh ; nnlhe \ was atralghtwa ) '
as hnllllr as a } Jeasant gll'l after her
confirmation ,
No "Holy War. "
Frequcnll ) ' the ninrm Is sounded
thnt a lalu.lslmle movement thrent.
ens 1 lIrolle 01' Asia , nnd that the
gl'eon lIag of a "hol'al' " Is to ho un.
fmlcd , Undouhtedl ) ' the lenders of
lulam ! ' thoh' fOI"ces
are soidlf'lng ns
thoroughl ) ' nR poasl le ; 1\1111 undoubt.
edl ) ' l\lohnmmodnnlsllI Is the most se.
rlous fee to be mot b ) ' the Christian
IIIlsalonnrloB , 'rhe rOllort , however ,
thnt Islam Is growing rallldl ) ' , and car.
1' 'lng on an aggl'osslve mlsslollary
call1ll1\lgn , canllot 110 verified here ,
l ealIug studeats of Mohamme anlsm
say that they cau find no ovldenco of
such a movellIent. It Is as unfounded
a rOllort as the rumOl'8 of a "holy
WI\I' , " With the IJrCsent admlxturo of
I rares 11.\111 . overnll1ents and lvllIza.
lions , Il IwelllR the height of hUllrob.
ablllt . that there shuuld o\'er bo n
"holy war , " 'rho IlI'OIJltet Is I1ghtlns
ngnln/lt thq cnlencll\l' ,
I None tiw loss. Jslnm mnlt < . 's It warm
fOl' all nllostates , Ostracism and pel'
[ seeutloll-Ioss of home , friend , soeln1
position and moans of enmlng a live
IIhood-foliow th ( , Mohammedan whe
occomes a Chl'lstlan , It Is trequenth
aSRerted that there nevel' hns been
genulno convert fl'OllI l\lohamn edan
hun to Chrlslhll1lty , 'I'ho Americas
mission alone has detllllmi reeorls ( 01
140 such , ns a roslllt of Its worlt slnc (
I' 181i.1. Not n v'r ) ' largo company , It It
it true , hut enough to III"OVe the 1I0usi
I , blllt ' of wide success ,
s Sapping and Mining ,
I' IJllcoI1IIY othol' ol'lontnl missions
s this one of the Unlle ! PresbytorlUl
II' ehmeh Is wOI'Ilnl ; fOl' the second ani
\ , thlrll goneratlon , It plans a' lon
r , whlQ 1\11It far.rea hlug campaign , n.
t. man ' Imtlroct llIothods , It Is Inculcal
11' Ing a mOl'o tolerant Sllll'lt In th
.
II' communlt , and \'omuvlng the ancien
11 , Ilrojudice. It Is ell\cntlng ! \ the hey
h HIllI girls , on a scnle nlmost cqual t
that of the roCol'lnod go\'orumellt I
e , self , A recent 1'01101'1 showed 1j [ :
) ' , 000 scholarB lu the schools of thl
I ) ' Amel'lcnn mission , ami 1S.MO In n
: It gorel'l1ment Bchools , 'I'hel'o 1\1'0 lI10t
, 'e than IG.OOO scholars In the II1lsslo ,
\0 school6 , ( IC whom nbout :1,000 : IlI'C l\11
n. bamlnorlans ,
1 ; : 'I'he Ilnclont C lltlc Chrlstlu
'I" chmch , now aadl ) ' corrullted , has 110
ilo slstl'll In ES'lIt desjJlto nil 1\Ioslo
I'U Ilorsceutlon , Alllong these the III'
es WOl , of the mlsslonal'les was don
1111 from them the ' '
a , como majol'lt I
the 8G39 1II0mbpl's relJOl'ted b ) ' 0
ot . mIssion , 'l'he laUOI' , by the wa ) ' , hi
1.1) ' .107 AllIerlcan mlsslolll1rles. aUIJIJOrt. .
lIt : th ' most ' '
by agSI'osslvel ) mlsslonu
fit - , . , : , QIo..J. . , " ' " L : " _ _ J
.
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of nil Ill'uomlnntlollR In the west , the
Unlt11 I'rcsh'tC'rluIIR.
Where the Holy Family Relted ,
'rho Copllc 111lilrter of old Call'O
doeR 1I0t fJpenk well for the thrift alld
progressiveness oC tbe COlltlc. l\I '
dragomlln gave thorn n bnd rOllu ,
tntlon for morality. 'fhe old church ,
llntlng back to ho fifteenth centllr ' ,
which covers the crypt where Joaollh
aud rarY' rested wIth the babe In
their flight Illto gg'pt , Is In Rorr ' dls.
relll1l1' , 'fho priest and his fnml1 ' ,
who show tourIsts nbout 11.1'0 'us
shameless hoggnrs as any Arab , and
quite as arrogunt. 'fho priest sober.
Iy gave me , un the names of apostles
whoso plcturca are on the wnll , a med.
Icy of New 'l'estament characters ,
some of whom no church ever culled
npoatles , 'fho association of the old
cburch building with the holy fam.
lIy I'eullel's It ono of the chief llOlnta
of Interest lu this Intorc : tlng city.
It IB lit Call'O that the west touches
the enst ; hero most travelers gel.
their first sight of foreign mission
\\'OI'Ie. The old Amorlcan mission
hulldlll1Is dlrcctly ncross the street
froll ! tll ( > 111'1 ncl 11111 hotel , and hero re.
sIde voterall mlnslonarles who have
heell III the work for 11011.1'1) . ' half 1\
contury. nB well as a fine corps of
younger wOl'lccrfl , 1101'0 Is n church ,
a book stOI'O , I\nd schools for hath
girls and boys ,
By the Nllo the mission has evell
/I'eatol' / worlc , Assult cullogo enroli9
700 atudentR , anel the hOSIJltals at As.
suit an 'I'nnta. minister I'ospectlvo.
I ) ' to 2,000 IInd to 200 III.patiellts an.
nually , and to 20,000 and 10,000 dls.
pousary pallollts , 'rho praise of thin
mlsslon's wOl'le Is In the tllouthi ! or
lIallves , travelera nnd government of.
ficlals.
( Copyrhht , ! ly Joseph D , Bowles , )
ENTIRE STATE WAS IN PAWN.
Nevada Said to Hnve Been In That
Condition Five Years Back.
FIve ) 'ears ngo Nevada was n state
In pawn , She had been atolen , 'fhe
ontlro population was not sulIlclent
to con\tIluto a thlrd.rate western
tOWlI , and It was decreasing , It might
'
well huvo heon asked then : ' 'What's
the matter wllh Novnda ? "
'I'ho trouble grow out of Nevada's
Imhllo land grant , amoulltlng to 2,000-
000 acres , which congress had carelessly -
lessly nuthol'lzcd the state to select
aR desired , The Nevada legislature
practically IlIIt the land up at auction ,
an the result was that a Cow stock.
men hought enough land to Rhoestrlng
nnd sun'oUllll nnd absolutely control
every river , lalto Imd water hole In
the Rtalt' .
B ) ' doing so they hecamo virtual
IJOSSOSSOI'S of the rest of the state ,
No one else could use the public Innd
or maim settlement because of their
cOlltrol of all the " , atOl' , nnd In Ne.
\'nda water Is the 1Il'e blood of the
land , Sixty million acres were con.
trolled and III effect owned by about
a million acres , and not an oPllortu.
nlty fOl' a slnglo IGO'acro homostead.
Five roars ugo this waG the situation
-a hopeless ono , Publlc-sllrlted ) men
had nttempted to Induce Inunlgrntlon
and to encourngo the development of
theh' state , hut their work had come
to naught and they had to quit. There
was no chance ,
Vet all the tlmo there was stili 11
Hl'eat wntor supply runnlns to wnsto
annunl'rho \ perennial fiow oC the
I'l\'ers and streams wns entirely utll.
Ized , but the floods from the melting
of the mountnln snows swept a\\'ay
uselessly to the sea.
Viewing the sltulltlon as It was then ,
who wuuld ha\'o dared to predict that
wllh the IJI\ssago of the nlltlonal 11'1'1.
gatlon act could have occurred the
grent transformation and development
of Nevada , and If It hnd been predict.
ed , who would hllvo belloved It ? or
the $37,000,000 government reclama.
tlon fund , Nevada hns thus far 1'0'
celved : hOl' fnll' share , nnd the comple.
tlon of the great project upon which
the federal englnoel's are now \\'ol'ldng
will more than Cuadrlllle ) ) the alrend ) '
Increased pOIHllntlon of the state ,
The first secllon of the 'rruclwe.
Carson project hns been completed
I\IlIt the settlers I\re now farming the
fel'tllo land In 80-acro homestcarls ,
13) ' n xt ) 'oar 150.000 ncres of this
project will bo under irrlgatlull.-
Successful Amorlcan ,
. Both Presbyterians.
In the lIsi1ourl state IJrlson nt .Tof
forson CIt ) " are 1,761 1Jrlsonors , Ac
cording to Ull artlclo tn the Nortl
Amol'lcall 3\Hi \ of. thom are Baptists
:101 : Methodlsta , six Jews and OIH
Christian Sclontlst ,
'I'hls calls to mind It stor ' about tlu
late Hov. Dr. ,10hn lInl ! . 'I'ho goO (
doctor was once walltlng homo fron
Jlrel\ehlng at a Sun a ) ' night mootllli
out In the countl' ) ' . In the moonllgh
he saw n man 1)'lng drunl , in the gut
tel' , and going up to him , gave him ;
shulw ,
"lIore , " ho said. "It la a shnmo Co
1\ nice , reslJectable.looldng' . III"
: ! QU to bo l'ln ! ; In the gutter. "
' 'I'ho mUIolloned 'hls tllJS ) ' o'os ani
saw the long , black coat ,
"Aro 'ou II mlnlstor ? " ho aslted ,
"Yes , " said DI' . lIall ; "come , hE )
up , "
"Presb'tm'lall ? " queried the . Inebr
ate ,
, . "Yes , " was the answer , somowlw
Iii Impatlentl ) ' , " ( am , "
11 "Then , " suhl the other , "help m
' 0 up , I'm a Presh'terlan myself. "
n _
[ ) . Easy Wny to Return Favors ,
"If 'ou ewe somobod ) ' dinner e
III aomothlng. or I1n ontortalnment , " 1'1
r. markerl the careful mlll"tho be :
m wa ) ' I know to return It Is to Ben
5t thom conlllllmentnr ) ' concert tlclwl
0 , somobod ) ' hns glvon ) 'OU , 1 Itnow
of pall' of such tlclwts thut did dut ) ' s !
10 times In the wa ) ' of returning Obllg
liS tlons. I started thom , they p\ssed , \ (
JIl to fi''o ' ether peOIJlo , nnd by jingo !
I' ) ' tbor , p' . l.n r.rlldn't : : ; ct back o mo "
. . . . . . . . . . , ' ' "W
. - -.JII..Ii ! " ' ' 'd''o1I''J1 ' 4Ioi1 ' :
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PROORE S OF NEW CAMPANILE.
Over Fifty . Feet Above Piazza Is AI.
ready Completed.
V < mlcl-'I'he new Cnmlmnllo of St.
J\lnrlt now rlseH , feet ahove till'
pll1zza. Aa the work .llrogresBea : I
curlolls covel'oll platform rises with It.
Owln1 ; to the slown ss of the work It
Is Impoaslhle to esllmntu with all ex.
actness the date of complotlon ,
'rho old Campanile fell Jul ) ' 11 , 1J02 ! ,
In the followIng RIII'Ing , April 25,190:1 : ,
the cornol' stone of the now struc'
tUl'o wns laid ; n the III'oscnce of the
count of 'l'urln , l'elJl' sentlng King
Vlclor gmmnnllel , nnd Carllinay Sarto ,
} Jatrlurch or Venlco. who , 11. few
I
Present Condition of Campanile.
months Inter , wns to hecome Popn
Pills X , 'rhe ro/ulOl' / work of lu-
Ing the founllatlon wus then begun ,
III ol' er to render the buslc struc'
turo homogeneous the enghwel's pro'
ceeded to enlnrgo the 0111 foundutlon ! !
b ) ' the OI-Jglnal method of plies , pln.t.
form , clamped stones. and stones ar.
ranged stolJwlso up to the level of the
pIazza. A ditch about 16 feet deep-
thnt Is , down to the level of the pile
heads-was dug ull arouI1l1 the old
foundations to the width of ahout 12
feet nnd care full ) ' brattlced , Into the
al'oa thus laid bare they procee ed to
drIve 3,076 plies oC larch wood fro iii.
Cadom , fresh cut so as to Insure th" ,
presence of ahundant resin ,
'rho n.\'erago diameter of the plies
'Is S % Inches , Larch was preferred
to oak , Imrtl ) ' because experience hag
shown Ita admlrahle I10wer of resist.
Ing decomlJOsltion when burled In the
cIa ) ' of the lagoon be , and IHutl ) ' be.
cause lareh ) Illes are straight , whel'f > .
as oalt Is oftell bent and twisted , and
would , thereforc , have loft frequent
In tel's tlces.
' 1'he plies are on an average 13 feet
long. 'rher were drlvon home to al.
most absolute resistance-I. e , . till
the ) ' lelded onIr ono millimeter to
each hlow from a weight of ( jiO pounds
raised four feet six Inches , The ' 1\1'0
calculated to have IL cal'l''lng IJower
of 90,000 tons , 'rho weight of the
towel' they are to RUPIJOrt Is estimated
at 20,000 tons. allowing fOl' hollow
Slmce. At the angles the plies arc iu
contact with each other , elsewhere
the ) ' nvorage a dozen to the square
mctm' . the total enlargement of the
foundation area amollntIllg to 2,10
square motors ,
'I'he 1Jllo drl\'lng wns completed on
October 8 , 1J0.1. ! 'I'hen came an attack -
tack UJlon the old foundations , con.
slstlnr oC 11. cut made eight feet deep
all uround , so that the new IJlatfol'lu
could be Imltted to the old , Theil on
top of this new platform 111assl\'o
bloclts or Istrlan stone , cut In IJI\rallel
OIJ IJeds , were carofull ' cemented to.
gether. TheRe Istrlan stones. noted
for their fine gmln , are In 11 courses ,
nmI enter the old foun atlons to the
Ilepth of six feet six Inches , the
largest blocks being nine Ceet nine
Inches In length anll f01l1' feet seven
Inches In wleIth. The now shaft Is
t IIS bolng raised fl'Om what Is practl.
call ' . ' the of
) 11. now lllatfol'ln , weight
which Is partlall ' borne by the old
lIlIes ,
CHICAGO PROFESSOR HONORED.
Dr. Chamberlain Heads Association
for Advancement of Science.
Chlcago.- , Thomas ChrowdOl'
ChamberlaIn , who has been ! ! cted
it I
PRO.F. T. C. CHAM F1LAIN
I.
1lresld l1l of the American Assoclatlor
for the Advan ell1ent of Selenco. ant
It who wlll confer with Pr < 'sldont noose
velt fegarlllng the consorvatlon 01
.0 .
the n\turat : resomces of the countr '
Is the IlroC < . 'lIsol' nnll heud of the d\ \ ;
l.artll1ont of geology at the Unlverslt :
II' of Chicago , 110 113 n. noted oXllert 11
c. the actIolI oC glnclol's , lie was gra(1
t u\ted from nelolt Unlvel"slty und tll1tl
Id connection with the Unlvorslt ) ' 0
ls Chlcngo ho WIIS OCCUIJlcd chlel1) ' as a
t'eIllcatOl' lu vnrlous Institutions II
n
Ix \\'lsoolIsln , lIe has ulsu served a
a. G"Clluglst for 1110 'Unltqll States 1111
11\ has Iwcn hoall of the ; ; Iaclal .tflvlslo
If . . : r O\'ol'lImont. geolo ; ; ) ' slnco 1862 ,
. . . ' , ,
. .
. V' ' ' ' , -\o..t , . . . . . . ' . ' ' ' " . , . . , . . . . . . . . , . ' .
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IilI.f4i'f1I1IPPINf- ' " .
tfr ONj OlD ,
II'T II I I . . I i
" " " u
l1AP c1HOWJJo/rJ CAVII21 ANJJ cJU.BIG ON no : RANPAll.W oF' AN' .
BAY : J" $ :7I1'1J AJIN cJ 131/mr ; CaNOI.D 0lv.J7Z .ltJR7 J7Df II
lJ)1/Rl/IJ fOR JW : .l' J71/J.V nJ"D/JYf c1PANMH Gl.I.iVcJ.ARC cJHOWN.
01 II .NAVAlI BAtJJf.
The growIng commercial Interest or
the , Unltoet States In the far east is
pressing homo upon Amorlcans who
appreclato the } Jrosent nn the future
posslhlllties of such trllel ! ! anll the ne.
( 'esHlty of 111'OIJC'1' safeguarding of these
Interests , anll the Ilro\'lllIng of I\do.
quato security for our poaltlon In the
PncWe ocenn , which bOlly of watel' Is
\lOW recognized b ' manr as the Ilroj. )
able fut\lro celltel' of the world's
greater actIvities ,
It may bo said , \I'lel1) \ ' , that the se.
curlty of Amerlcnn Interests In the
Paclf1c dOllenlls UIJon comman of the
sea. In complu'lson with nnS' IJl'obablo
antagonist ; anll command of the sea
In turn delJOnlla , In alldltlon to marino I
I\rmaments , Ullon coaling statIons and
navnl bases. Nnvl\l armaments uro
practically useless In nny localltr with.
out convenient facilities for supply and
repaIr. Such facilities depend Ullon
two olementH-nntural nnll artlllclal-
harbors nnll IlInlllng } Jlnces , unll the ' .
: wcossary dOllots and mechanical ael.
j IIncts ,
, 'I'he Unlteel States 113 already sup.
IJlled wItI } ample naturnl facilities In
the Pacific , It remains , therefore , to
pl'oville ani ) ' the nrtlficlal element.
' 1'he attributes requIred are dry docks
COshllJS of I\Il slzos , coal and coaling
machlnory , shOll ! ! IJrovlded with ma
chlnory anel materIal to make rOllalra
to both ships and armaments , anel de-
} Jots containIng amlJle reser\'es of ull '
needed sUPIJlles , such as food , ship'
stores , arms and ammunitIon , \Vhero
the natural conilitions are favorable ,
to IJro\'lde all these things requires
ol1ly Umo and money.
The . . . .n.lue of American naval bas ( > s
In Aslntlc waters may he Bald to allllir
chlelly to a war between the United
States and nil Asiatic power ; Cor ,
whllo some Eurollenn nntlons might
conduct largo naval operations in thIs
part of the worlel , the CI'UX or any con-
tlIct between Amel'lca and another
westel'11 ) lOWOI' wlll not bo hero , and
no na\'al fol'co alone can wrest anr or
0\11' pacillc IOSsesslons ) from us , Only
armies can .10 this , and It Is not now
fe\slJlo ! fOl' nnr EUI'Ollcan } Jower to
n8somblo 111 the far cast al1l1 trans.
Ilort by sea a formidable army In the
face of serious 0J1110sltlon ,
or Aslntlc nations which may con.
celvably como into collision with the
United States there are enl ) ' two-
China and .1 allan ; so the IJroposltlon
of the defense of our Interests and
} lossesslons In tills locality seriously
Invol\'os only these two 11Osslbllltlos ,
'rho Internal situation and mllltal'Y un.
pl'elJUredness of China I'emoves all
cause for alllJrehenslon from that
source COI' many 'ellrs to come ; so
estimation of the problem may bo
predicated upon the comllnratl\'o situ.
atlon of the United States and .Tallan.
When the Islnnds were ncqulroll
from SIJIlln " 'e l3ecuroll two so-call eel
na\'ul hnses-tho o at Ca\'lto anti
Olongapo , 'rhese ynrlls nro hartll ) '
worthy of the name In a motlern sense ,
the facilities belne' limited to shops
whC'ro minor repr.rR can be matle.
There was then no Ilry doele I\t either
plac < . ' , although at Cn'Ilo smaH craft
can be shorell UJlon wars , Since tholr
IIC1lulsition the only ImlOrtant } 1m.
IJrOVemellls have been the erection of
a coaling \llnnt nt Cavlte , a similar
plant at Olongallo now nearl ' com.
ploted , anel the placing oC the ! loatlng
dock Dewey at OIungapo , 'rhero ha\"o
been omo alhHtlonal quarters erected
at OlongalJO fOl' the accommoetatlon oC
olllcers 1\1111 marines. On the whole.
howe\'er , the work of h11IJro\'lng tiles , )
'arlls has stagnated , notwithstanding
that with each IJlllslng ) 'ear the need
for proper facilities has become moro
pressing anti important.
There are severnl contributing
Bans fOl' this condition , The falluro of
con gross to make alllJrOIJrlntlonl ! Is
one ; but the real cnuso Is the fallurc
of the wm' and na\'y departments to
agree UIJOn a site , Six 'ears ugo n
na\'al boar.l wns ordOl'eti to exumlm
and report UIJOn sites In the PhllllJ
pInes. Quite a number were exam
, Ined , hut none oxcollt Ca\'lto unll
ha\'o 00been sorlouHI
OIongalJO \ 0\0\ )
consldel'eel. 'rho na\'y Culckly ) dochlo (
that Sublg bny , where OlongnlJO Is sit
uatod. fulfills to II remarkable dogrel
all the nnturnl requlromonts de
m11l1l101l. Plans for un elahomto basI
at Olongallo wel'o IJrelmre.1 anll al'l
now waiting UIJon cOllgresslonnl 11.1 ]
} lrovnl.
Whllo congress has been somewha
slow , porhalls reluctant to nct In till
ml\ttor , owing to uncertuillty about ou
IJOU ) ' In the PhllllllJlnes IInd falhlr ,
fu\l ) ' to comlJrehenet the hnl ortance 0
auul1 a base , It Is Ilrobablo that th ,
qUlstlon or a alto would have been 1) ) (
cldl'll beCoro now und the work o !
'nltoly begun hllil not the mllJlt\l' ' 1m
11 a\11 1 oXI rts dlsagroeel abuut It. 'I'w
factlol1s sl , .ung Into exlstenco : ono f !
. . . . . " . . " , u , ' v. , , ' , ' . ' ,
,
\'orlng Olongal1o , nnel the other Cavlte. fl' '
Whllo ench Cactlon finds SUPlJOl'ters In
buth nrmy nud nltv ) ' , It is generallY - " "
true that the 111IlI'efara Olongapo , r 1
whllo the arm ) ' luslHts that Cuvlto Is
the ! Jolter IJlace ,
'I'hlD ellvergl'lIcC' between the lIaval
anll mIll tar : ; ) lolnt of vlow IR clmr.
actel'lstic of the two servIces , whioh
approach the question from different
angles , 'rhe navy del11l1n s two can.
dltlons-a snltable harbor , nnll ono
caJI\blo } of Iwlng easily defended fl'Ol1\
a na\'ulattack , 'rhe arm ) ' , whose tasl ,
wllJ be to .I fend the , base f'Om ! I\n
attack b ) ' lan.l. Is apt to ju go the
In'oblem only from thIs stl1ndpolql.
Since the two proposltlonR can never
bo entire ! ) ' reconciled an Intelligent
doc Is Ion must ho ba ed upon n com-
pltrntlve estlmatloll or the elementH
Involved. 'fhese elements are sulta.
billtr , avallablllt ) ' , defensibility anlt
economlC ! , ; anll It mny help toward n.
decision between Cavlto 1\1111 Olongapo
'to hrlefl ' olucldate tholr comparatlvo
merits anel demerits.
The navy yard of Cavlte Is sltuatoll
In Manila bay ahout ten miles b ) ' sea
from the cll ) ' of 1\Ianlla , It is 10cate.1
on a shallow hasln form 011 hy It low.
.
lying hook 01' sllt ) of 111.1111 which jutr.
for half a mlle out Into the bay. Onl ) ' !
small heats can now enter the baslu. -
ships of any alzo hl\\'lng to 1\1Ichol' well
out Into the bay , whIch is here ' 10 ' . _
miles across , In a practlcall ) ' OIJen )
roadway where there Is lIttIo 11I'otec : . it
lion from \1hoons. \ . ' 1'0 create a largo ,
base \\'oultl mean a vast amount of "
Ilredglng and the buildIng of a break. '
water , ancl It will always be necessa\ ' ' -
to keep dredges worldng to prevent . ' ,
tlte harbor from I11l1ng up ,
In short , any suitable harbor at
Cavlto must bo an aI'tlflclal one. (
hu\'o never met a Iaval ! export who
thinks favorahly of Cavltelnroly fl'om
a naval standpoint. l\Iany naval om.
cers prefer to be stationed there
rnther than at Olongl\l1o owIng to Its
nel\rnoss to Manila , 'rho Influence of "
l\lrmlla. residents Is usually thrown in
fa\'or of Cavite for so\'ernl' roasons. : .J.
'I'he clt ' wants the commercial bene. . . -J"
fits which may accrue fl'om the } Jrox.
Imlty of such a base , anti there Is It
bollof that any defense of Cavlte'111ust
a.lso Include n defense of Manlll\ , which
Is a soothIng thought to nervous Jleo. 4
pIe whoso Ideas of war are hazy. >
DEFENSE OF THE TARANTULA.
Venomous I nsect Not . ' I
Aogressive , Ac. . . ,
cording to This Writer.
The terrlhle tarantula Is said to bo . ' \ . , i
, ,
1110ro nbnsed than : ? unslve. It Is not : ; ; '
aggressive Ul10n man nor Is It often In. ; . :
. ,
truslvo oven , although every old miner .
and 11I'OS\1ector \ has shalwn one ont of
his hoots or hlanl\Cts In the morning , " "
and alwars the size 'of a sancer , says 'f\ \
writer in the ' .
a ChIcago 'rrlbun , It "
I\\'olds the hot sunshine and remains
well down In Its burrow under the
ronn , About sundown It sallies
forth nnd lies In waiting jllst below the
ol1Onlng of the hUIToIt nssumes
this IJosltion whether It desires food or
wishes only to get a hit or fl'eRh all' .
It does not travel about In quest of "
food even when hungl' : ' , but remains , ; t
quieti ) ' In the attItude descrlJed ! often 'I ,
for hO\ll"s at a time , At the near nl1'
Jlroaeh or a cater\1l11ar \ , grasshopper , : ;
beetle , or almost anr creatllre cf 111\0 { \
size , other thnn Its ellom ) ' the wasp.
It rushes out IInd selzC's It , hut rarel ' . ,
goes farlhol' thnn 11. few Inches from t
the onenlng , Ono fair-sized Insect I
woolt Is 8ulllclent to satisfy itR hun. J
gOl' because of Its Inactive exlslence ,
while It can live uovel'al months without -
out food , even when JUost nctlve , pro.
vlded It has WlltOIn I\utmnn the
SIJldel' closes the entmnco with a . : : .
crndol ) ' sl1\ln web. It Is then read ) ' to ' I
pass the winter In a soml.letharglc
stahl , l1al'tnllng of no food , In the \
31JI'IIlg It digs Its way out. During the , ,
I ontlro growth of the tnmntula , which
roqulros ahout 20 years , It sheds Its .i , Ii
ontl1o : sldn about once a 'ear III mid. , " 'J ;
summer. 'I'ho event II ! an import nt "
ono to the spidel' , and as it Is then
. quite helpless the entmnce Is pl'evl.
ouslr closed b ) ' a sheet of sill ; : , In
. Juno 200 01' aoo egs nre produced. ,
Natul'o will fa01' two out of as 1111\11\ '
hundreds anlt protects them until the ; '
dlo of old age at ubout the end of 2jj
01' : :0 : 'eal's.
Dog Gave Warning of Death.
On the morning of October 19 , ono
of JU ) ' dogs sot up a most lIIotu'nful
howl , and I got out of bed nud Wl'Oto ,
011 the wall , "Soma oue Is dead , " and , '
the followln { ; da ) ' related m ) ' eXllerl. f (
enco to the salt omcel' statluned 1101'0 .i ; '
and l'ecol'lled It hla ' ' . '
on chunum , l\Iv \ 'I'
slstel' 111011 atI : .11i a , m. on the mor .
Int ; of OctobC ! ' HI. nt Whnbledon , < JX.
actt ) . nt the time that the dog gave
the slgnilicant warnlng-Lettcl' 11\ \
I"d ras IIIII.
.JIll
. , . , . . . .
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