Custer County Republican. (Broken Bow, Neb.) 1882-1921, August 20, 1903, Image 4

Below is the OCR text representation for this newspapers page. It is also available as plain text as well as XML.

    ' ' " ' ' ' ' ' ' ' , ' '
" tJ " " " ' > r'
, : , > ! : ,
, . . , , - - . . . - . . . , . . " ' - " , . . ,
t : '
OIu ter o. jUpubUcQn
Pl1bUlbcd eTory Tburet ; ' " Lbo Connt ) lie.t
D. M. MSDEIUtY. . EtUf.or
U.Ufnce In Ooeler 1I1oct , roorLh A'Y .
- - -
Bnttlred at the OIIt.omco ilL Broken Dow , Nob. ,
AI MOOnll.4la.u maLtor tor tranlmlnlon tbrongb
the U. 8 Malia.
8UDtlOlUPTION PIUOKI
O'noTof\r.lnad'ance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ' 1.00
ADVBRTI8ING ItAT 8.
One column. per monthI7.oo. One.balt col-
umnJLor mOnL J1,00. . Quarlor column , per
lIIonUl , P.w. 1AI18 than qnalter column , 00
centll per lacb or b1 nth.
cant. on Oret page , GO 001111 per Inob , per
mOflth
LocahdYllrU lnK 6 Ceu'e ' per lIoe each ID.er.
tlnnl
NoUoe ot cburch talr.r.oelable. IInd onlertalo.
m.nU wbore mane , Ie cnarged , ooe.hnlt ratee. i
li.Oolet , notice. Intlr el > luUooe , one-halt ratel. ,
Weddlug notlcee tree. bait price tor pobll'hlng !
ltat at pre8eutl.
Death DoUooe tree , halt price tor Ilnblleblng I ,
oblluU } ' Dotlcel , and card. of tbauo. '
Lllal notice. It ratl' . Ilrolded b , "Motelot
Nlbruh.
Thursday , August 20 , 1903.
REPUBLICAN TICKET ,
,
County Tlokot.
For Count , \ludgo
J. A. AltMOUlt.
For Count , Clerk -
G. W. DR\VJtY.
For . Couul , Treaeurur
W. A. GROnGE.
For Counl , Bberla
BberlaJ.OTAYI.OIt. .
Yor Clerk Dlllirlct Cnurt
OKO D. MAlIt.
Yor Superintendent at School
J. G. W. LR\VJB.
i'or Oounl , Surveyor
F' E , VANANTWEItP.
For OountJ .A.l e .or
JULKS lJAUMONT.
For Counly Coroner
DIt. l'IlOIt1tOW .
TownshIp Tloket.
-
For Township Clerk I
A D. DANOB.
For Townlhlp Trca.ure
J. M. KIMUGRLING.
For JUILIco at tbe l'eace
J , J. 8NYDlm.
For Conltablo
L , G. COI.E.
For Iload Ovor. er , mtrlct No.1
L OtJSIIMAN.
For.Road Cnr.eer. Dllulet No 2.
UHAItLEY KAUl' } ' .
For Road Onrleo \ mltrlct No 3
P. M. BTRADLEY ,
For Bead Overeear , Ollirict No.4
O. E. UEUTOIf.
Jl'orJRoad Overseer m trlct No 6
FltED AUT'1U1t
For'Road Oeneer DIlrlct No.6
llENUY U&KDElt
For Road Onneer DJltrlct No.7
J. N. WFST.
,
The recent pop convention was
presided over by the president of
the Comstock bank , and the res-
oh tions were read by the cashier
and principle owner of the An-
selmo bank. Yet these great
apostles of reform claim to be
greater friends of the laboring
c1a s than any other party.
We view 'yith deep solicitude ,
the losing struggle of the agricultural -
cultural class against their in-
evHable fate , under the overn-
ment as at pre.ient admi11lstered.
-Rop resolutions.
In the face of the prosperous.
coii itions of the agricultural
cl ss lof the country as compared
wi Jt the days when the pops and
democrats were in power we predict -
dict that the farmers of Custer
county will not take this matter .
.
very serious.
"
The Anti Roosevelt democrats
are' trying to start a boom for
Qe . Miles for the democratic
nominee for president. The
anti-imperialists of Boston start-
.
. .
:
Glasses That Suit B
Your Eyes are what you wnnt whcn
you need glasses at all , Glasses
that are not what ) 'our e'cs Icquire
may be a hindrance instead of a
help to good vision. It is also very :
important thnt the. . . . . . . . H
88
F AMES
hold the glasses in a proper position -
tion in front of the e'es. It will
cost you nothing but a few mOI11-
ents of your time to stcp in and
see if you nee < l glasses.
F. w. HAYES ' , fi
JE V.ELER & O'P'J.'ICIAN. ,
West Side of Squnre.
-
" , .
. _ . . " . , " . . u. . . ' . '
ed the move and at Omaha and
Dcnver the dcmocratic papers
took the case and gave the General -
eral a boost as he pn t through
those cities on his way to the
Pacific coast to aUend thc G. A.
R. encampment. He wiH scarcely -
ly bave time to get back to Boston -
ton until the boom will have
col1apsed.
'l'he populist county convention -
tion in its resolutions arraigned
the republican administration
for raising the tax levy from
seven to fourtecn mills. But
thcy negler.tetl to state that the
levy was madc necQssary by the
previous l Vy made b.y the pop
administration being inadequate
to meet the current expenses of
the county. 'rhe fact that the
pops lowered the levy after the
election when the returns showed
a majority of the board would be
republican with the object of
embarrassing the incoming board
was not mentioned.
Custer county IS rapidly becoming -
ing a farming country , and the
.men who have the interests of
the county at heart are protesting -
ing against the use of a word as
'applied to Custer county farms
that suggests to them only sage
brush and long horned cattle.
"A quarter of a centure ago , "
says the Callaway Courier , IImuch
blood was spilled in abolishing
ranches in Custer cdunty , to make
room for farms , and while the
county is well adapted forranches
farms also flourish here. A ranch
suggests a semi-civilized condi-
hon , amI no one associates
ranches with schools and churches
and beautiful homes. You may
have a hun red cattle graizing
on your thousand-acre farm , bu t
call it a farm , and don't lead
strangers to think this is a country -
try of greasers and cowboys by
calling it a rancb.-State Jour-
nal.
Judge Brewer in discussing the
growing prevelence of lyncbing
argues that it is due to delays in
legal executions caused by ap-
peals. He recommends that a
good remedy would be to repeal
'the ' law which provides for an
appeal from the finding of the
( district courts in criminal cases.
Such a remedy might answer in
some cases where the community
lis generally law-abiding , But in
, the south where lynching of
ucgros for rape is so common the
public well knows that there is
no escape for a negro in the
courts of the south if proven
guilty of rape of a white woman.
Yet lynching of the supposed
criminal is the rule. If t11at was
the only offence for which lynching -
ing is practiced there might be
some excuse. But the practice
is becoming too general both
I north and south without regard
to the heniouess of the crime.
The only way to put a stop to it
is to enforce the law against
those engaged in it a few times.
- - - -
The "refreshing" statement of
the Beacon is that "all the county
offices cost the county more under
a republican administration than
it did under pop administration. "
The salaries of the several county
officers and their deputies are
regulated by law. There has
been no law increasing the salaries -
aries of these offices since the
populist have ceased to control
the state. Only two years iu the
past twelve have the republicans
had a majority 011 the county
board. The wages of all class
except those lImited are fixed by
the county board. We challenge
the Beacon to show a single instance -
stance in which a county officer
or his deputy has drawn more
_ _ _ UH
. , . , : . .NAri's : : ; : , . . . .wJ.Nf ! : . . J , fJ- : U'1l'd"Ilr : : " : \ : < < 1
1. : C LW IA.I < Ur
Plums , Peaches , Pears , 'Watermellonsr and \rl \
Ii Vegetables of all kinds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , t
I ; Ei'resh Everv : : Jay
-A'r
- THE-
. STAR GROCE Y CO. I
. . . . ? f1.rt.Ilr : ; ! f1rJtJ , ! fJ.t ; 1t'IJJJtfJ.r ; _ .r : . .uf'IJ1 .ro'1 . : ' # "
. ; ; * : T : iiRiI ; , : W.l ; : t . 'I t 1\oo " i :
.
. - ' "
, ' . ' " . . . . . , . , - . - . . . .
than his legal salary or where a
pop county omcial drew less than
the law al10wed him. If the
clerls have been paid beUer
wages since republican o icials
have been in offIce , a populist
board has made the rate.
Whether they have been paid
more we do not know , but if they
have not they should have been.
\Vages in all other work has been
increased. 'rhere is not a busi-
n s man in Broken Bow or a
farmer in Custer County that
employes labor but pays ! rom a
third to a half more wages per I
. I
day week or month than he dId
when this county , state' and nation -
tion were under the control of
free trade parties.
Custer County Is In the l'cnlcr lld
Lends All Others ,
The esteemed Kearney Hub
has finally been compelled to admit -
mit that Kearney is not the point
around' which the rest of the
state revolves. In its issue of
the 13th inst it had the following
under the head , "Nebraska News
Notes. " ' . 'The GeographIcal
Center of Nebraska is located in
Custer County. " For the further
information of the Hub we wish
to state that Broken Bow is in the
centerof Custer County.
Custer County boasts of not
only beiag the Geographical center -
ter of the state , but claims to
have more schools , more school
districts and more good land than
any other county in the state.
In addition to our own claims
the recent report of the tate
bureau of labor put Custe r
county in the lead of all other
counties in the state in cattle
hogs , horses and mules.
The following is gleaned from
the report :
"According to the report which
has been compiled from the as- i
sessors' returns , the number
of cattle in the state is 2,161,773.
Custer county takes the lead in
this species of property , having' '
78,956. Lincoln county foHows
with 40,477 , while Cedar county
in the northern section of the
state is third in the list with
38,702 cattle.
'While Nebraska is a great corn
state , the great excess of cattle
over hogs would indicate that
the grazing industr.r is still
greater , since there are 1,382,264
hogs as compared with the 2-
161,773 cattle. As to hogs Custer
county again leads off with the
largest number , having 42,548 of
that species of property , while
Cuming county , one of the oldest
counties , comes a close second ,
having 41,915 hogs. Richardson
county is third having 38,773 ,
while Platte county has 38,364
hogs , little and big.
Kimball county boasts of the
largest number of sheep , having
27,365 out of a total of 218,711
for Ule entire state. This is one-
eighth of the total number.
Platte county is again a ribbon
winner as the second 111 the list
with 20,275 , followed by Perldns
with 20,217.
The total number of horses
and mules in the state is 559,917.
Of this valuable species of pro-
pertv the largest share is agai n
clai led by Custer county .with
19,679. Custer seems to be 111 a
class by itseif , since the next
hi.ghest couhty is Gage cour.ty
with enl ) ' 11,838 : Saunders
cOl1nty claims 11,424 horses and
ntules. "
1)0119 Uesort to 0111 'I'acUcs.
In the early history of the pop
party they succeeded admirably
by posing as reformers aud by
making declarations of economy
and reduction of salaries. But it
was observed when they were
el cted to ofIice they were not
different , frbm all others and in-
varibly demanded all the law allowed -
lowed them.
The denuciation of the republican -
can administration for paying for
a Surety Co. bond for the present
incumbent of the office of treasurer -
er is one of the hobbies on which
tl1ey again hope to fool the people -
ple and ride into power.
Their ex-treasurer , M. E.
Schneringer , who has been nominated -
inated for the positIon again
took the cue and stated in his
speech of acceptauce that should
he be elected he would furnish
his own bond.
From the resolution denounc. .
ing the republican adul1nistra-
tioll for pa.yiug for Mr. George's
" " " . . . . r '
,
. . " " . ,
t .
boud and Mr' , Schl1eringers state-
mcnt that he would furnish hi ! ;
own bond it is evident that in
both cases the object was to prejudice -
judice the taxpaj'ers against both
Mr. George and the republican
part ) ' for an act that ncither are
guilty.
Mr. George , before entering
upon the duties of his office '
secured a bond , as good as an ) '
perQnal ! ; bond the county has
ever had. ' 1'he board decli lied to
cQ'lSider ' a personal bond and requested -
quested the treasurer elect to get"
a Surtj' Co. bond , which would
cost' $285 , instead. : Mr. George
declined to do it. Finally a compromise -
promise was reached in the following -
lowing motioh , viz : "Moved by
Conley , seconded by Brechbuhl
that the county of Custer agree
to pay one half the cost of procuring -
curing a suret y bond for the county
treasurer elect for the year 1902.
The motion carried. " Just previous -
vious to this , a motion to compeH
the treasurer elect , to furnish a
Surety bond was voted down , the
majority \'oting against the motion -
tion were republicans.
The experience of the pop
board in realizing on personal
bonds of offiters of their faith
was sufficient to make them feel
tbat it woul be cheaper for the
count ) ' to pay for a surety bon
than try to collect from a personal - I ,
sonal bond. 14et that be as it
may. 1\'lr. George is not to
blame because the board declined
to consider a personal bond which
he had secured. The last bond
wlti h is for 1903 was paid for in
f ll b ) ' a pop board. If censore
is due , neither Mr. George nor
th republican party are respon-
siblc , as Mr. George offered to
furnish a bond without cost to
the county and the majori .r of
the present board which paid the
full amount of the surety bond
are populists. ,
1'he oLTer of the pop candidate
is made for political buncombe.
- -
Eurekll Hog Chulery ( ; II1'e.
Geneva , Neb. , April 5 , 1'J03. ,
Here's what L. Ii' . Pardue of
Geneva , Nebraska , , veIl known
contractor and builder of elevators -
tors as wen as an extensive farmer -
er and hog grower , says of Eure : '
ka Hog Cholera Cure and Preventive - ,
tive : In reply of ) 'ours of the
3rd inst. will say ; of the hogs ,
treated for me , 55 head , there
were 110 more of them that came
down with the cholera after you
treated them , and two of the lot
that were so sick , that you
thought would die , got well. I
treated hogs for four of my
neighbors with the Eureka Hog
Remedy. 1'he first man had
eight head , all of them sick ;
saved all but one. 'rhe second
man had thirty-eight (38) head ,
amo g them a litter of nine
pigs , I saved all of the ol ones
and two of the pigs , the pigs
were only a little over a montft
old. The third man had thirteen
head , saved all of them. The
fourth man had , if I remember
cqrredly eight ) ' (80) head and
all of ttiem very sick , I treated
fifty-nine head ( when it got d rk
on me and I didn't go back , ) 75
per cent of those I treated got
weU , and the ) ' told me , that ever.r . .
one that was not treated died. I
e pect to leep Eur ka Hog Remedy -
edy in my house all the time.
Yours Respectfully ,
L. F. PARDUE ,
TO CVRn A COl. " IN ONF : DA"
Take Laxallve IIromo Qulnlno Tllbleta. All
"ruIrIl18tB " , fund the mOIll'Y It 11 talla to rnrll ,
E. W. UrOVII'tlIlt.atur" 18 on cRah box. 2511 ,
,
I
i
I
I
. = 1 H ' ' ' ' '
9
' .
. . = " " - .
. . -r.--- - -
" ' - =
' . ' ' . .
: - . _ - - - -
\ . ; . - : :
' \.c . , . . : . . . . = : . . . - ; : : : = =
.W
= =
- -
\r : . . - - . : .r : = = : = ' - ; - - - - : : !
, ' If..k' : - - = - - = = = = ;
'
, . 'fIrl' . . - = - - : : : :
The staud is made ou quality be-
calise that is ollr stroug poiut.
I Might catch some people b.r sell-
in - low.gradc lumber at a low
pnce , but we prefer to sell
1 HIGH-GRADE LUMBER
at figures thut talk good "aluc
loudl ) ' . No matter what thc job
on your hand mo ) ' he we cun Slip-
Ily yon with the right kin of
nmber for it.
Dierks Lumber & Coal Co. ,
BROKEN BOW , - NEURASKA.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , JiZ2 I
I
. - . ' , .
. ' " , - ' " " " , . . I ' " - ' , ' ( ' ' ' " ; . " TO .
'of " 1' , \ 1"- 11)1t'.W" ) ,
I
. . . . . . . . .
" " " - " - _
: . : -.11 L /
t"t"t"t"tttttttt'tt't1'tt'tt " " " " , , , ' ' ' ' , + tt"tt"tt""t"'t"t""t"t " , " " " " ' " " " " , " ' ,
: : : : : I = =
. .1903. . ,
- - ' "
-
-
- -
- -
- -
I PIC K L IN G I
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
'Y
. .SEASON. . }
- -
- -
= = \Ve are getting on the verge of the pic1ding : : : :
: _ : : : : season. To have good results , J "ou should have _ = =
- -
Coed Vinelor and Pure Spices : .
- -
- -
= = If you buy our Pure Old Cider Vinegar or our : : : : :
: : : : : Guaranteed Pure Pickling Vincgar and our : : : : : :
= = Pure Spices. the result will be marvelous. = =
- -
- -
- -
= = Your for Pure Ji'ood Products , : : : : :
- -
- -
J. C. BOWEN ,
- : : : : : Broken Bow , Nebraska. - - - North of 1'rack. - : : : : : :
- -
111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111l111111 ! 111111111111 S :
CAI.I.A. 'v A" .
Attorney Simon C'neron of Brokcn I
Bow , was secn upon our streets sc\'eral
days last wcck.
'
Thc old Alliance cle\'ator at this placc ,
which has bcen rccci\'ing a thoroul-h {
o\'crhanling , is now ncariug complction ,
and will again soon he open for IIIHiness.
Camp mcctiug hCl-ins { in the gro\'c at
this place on Thnrsday of this wcck , and
11 good time i anticipated , all hough il is
\'cry busy timc of the ycar for c\'ery-
hody.
Allll still our carpcntcrs ha\'e morc
work than lhey cau do , and carpentcrs
arc in d mand all o\'cr thc conntry.
An'onc who can dri\'e a nail is a cm pcn-
ter thcse days.
Whilc roping a cow 1\1ouday morning ,
Jol1l1 McDonald was thrown down in
some manner , rcceiving a fracturc of the
left collar boue , which will lay him np
for a fcw weeks at lcast.
Prof. B. B. Hawthorne , who will be thc
principal of thc Callaway schools this
winter , camc o\'cr from Broken Bow thc
carly part of the week , and leascIl thc
Mrs. Conlcy propcrty , where he anll his
daughter will l'c l during the school
) 'ear.
The E\'angelical church , thc Episcopal
church allll rectory , anll thc Sc\'cn Val-
lcys Bank ha\'c each rcceh'cd . coat of
paint the past week. Thcre are It largc
numher of huildings lcfl in the city
which would put on a much impro\'cd
appcarancc should thcy hc trcatcli like-
wise.
wise.H
H appears that Callaway is (100m cd so
far as ha\'ing anolher game of hall is con-
ccrned. E\'ery tcam heard from so far
wants 1111 thc way from $20 to $40 to
come here and play. If thcy. thiuk thal
Callaway Wl1nts a gamc ball enough to
pay for it the price of It lcaguc gl1mc ,
thcy are certainly mistaken. Neithcr is
shc goiug to pay the salaries of Brokcn
Bo\\"s anll and '
\ Ansley's importcd pitch-
ers. If they want a gamc.we . willmcet
them half way , but that is as far as we
will go.
OIf.TEI.I.O.
Mrs. Frank Edwards is slowly im-
pro\'ing.
Achsah Hunt and Geo. Hnl-hes { spcnt
Sunday at the Day ranch.
Jol1l1 Da\'is mill Tom Graham wcre III
llroken Bow the first of the wcck.
We woullllikc to mcntion all the people -
ple who arc sick at prcsent hut space
will nol pcrmit.
Silas Bcals atHl family lUt\'e hccn qnite
sick for a wcek. We hopc for their
spee r reco\'cr ) ' .
C. W. Gurton and wife of llrokcn Bow ,
accompauied y Mr. Bridgcs und wife of
Camhria , Iowa , dronp Snudu ) ' to'isil
relati'es. .
L. 1\1. Da\'is I1ml wife of Omaha , are in
Ortello'isiting their parents. J. ' 1' . a1ll1
wife also spellt Sunday al the homc of
\\'A 'TRO.H [ I Indf1 trlou I" IAonA In
e/lcb / 8lRlllo : 'r1\,1 , tor hOllno 1' tnhllHbCII . , ] r\'t'li
\IIRrll/II.1 with ! tllugo ! clIl'lIal.lo ' IIlI'r-
challtlllllltllljI'III" tur "lJcce 8rlll 111111 I'r. III-bl. .
IIte. . 1'1'/111.\0111 eng jcrncnt \\'t"1.1y r 'lb '
8nlar , or 18 ! llItllllllrllVolllll ( ( 'XI'CIISO. 111111 hlliul
bIll" fllllCClI III cliRh each wc k. Itxpnrloncc
.
Dol..88111t1,1. M"nllon
" rulerollcn11111 / cnrlORIl
RAU.adlht'altll . 11\001'0. ! TUft NATIONAl" 3:14 :
Dearborn : : ! t'tAilclIge ,
-
thc 0111 folks.
Oul of kinllness to thc poor litth : com-
pauy of pops who mcl at the county con-
\'cntion last week we will 1I0l refer to
their mccting.
A hail allIl w JIII slorm'isited this
placc agnin last Thursda ) ' night , and did
cousillcrahlc damagc to thc crops. lIow-
c\'er , c\'cr ) ' enc will ha\'c some corn.
' 1'he celebrated Geiser Threshing - .
ing machinery. Ne\'er beaten in
a test. 'rite machine without
si ves. For sale by
2tf S. 1\1. DOImIs.
' ] 'WHI 'fll JUlHCLU , nIS1'ItIC' ] ' .
( 'ull Pur CUII\'ClltlOIl ' 1' " N01ll1llule U Call-
duluto rot. J IIdgt' .
'l'he republican electors of the
Twelfth Judicial District of the
State of Nebraska are hereby requested -
quested to send delegates from
the several counties comprising
said district to meet in convention -
tion in the citj' of Grand .Island ,
Neb. , on Tuesday , August 25 ,
1903 , at two o'clock p. 111. , for the
purpose of piacing in nomination
a camhdate for judge of said district -
trict to be , 'oted for at the next
general election , and for the
- - -
HEALTH
. . .
,
Itl don't think we could
house without Thedrord's J31 Meoa
Draught. Wo have ulled It I hb
famlly tor ovcr two years wltR ho
best ot roaults. I hao not had _
doctor Iu the houao tor that lengtb
ot time. It Is B doctor In ItacU and
al waj'8 ready to mnlm B pereon well
andhappy.-JAlIIEfJ : HALL , Jack-
.on 'lUe , Ill.
,
Because this great medicine '
relieves stomach pains , frecs the
constipated bo\vels and invigorates -
ates tlie torpid liver and weakened -
ened kidneys
110 DOCTOR
is necessary in the home where
Thedford 's lack-Drau ht is
kept. l < 'amilie living In the
country , milcs from any physician -
cian , have been kept in health
for years with this medicine ns
their only doctor. Thedfor 's
Hlack - Draught cures bilious-
nes , dyspepsia , coldst chills and
fever , bad blood , headaches
diarrh a , constipation coli
and almost every other ilment
because the stomach , bowels
liver an kidneys so nearly control -
trol the health.
THEDFORD'S
-
.6LAI ( , { "
DR4UinT (
-
'
-
lfr I f-\ mm r = ! ffiffiEm ! : , m r ; ; , . . , I hifl'imm ( ; ; j mmrrrmm s . T Tr.m - -
I' ' : Before You uill , Consult. . . . . i I
I PAPINEAU & DRAKE
, , I
j Contractore and Bu.ilders.
I I Estimates Furnished Free With Plalls alld St > ecificatiolls. : '
, . . , .
.J
I U I U u.tUJ .3\ . ! I WUJU.u.uUJ1U1.UJ.UUJ1UillUJHlli1U ( J ,
- - - i" u > ( ) \ = : . .r = ! EJ - .
- - . , _ . . - - - : J
-
. . . - - - -
c' M1t. W Y 1t& : A. "k 1. f t. ' ! 6 ! ! t & 1:1l'fl : 6:1&1I : ;
: vv. . : ptENrI"Jd3 : : , CC > . .
: Has a fine line of spring clothing-prices right. 1'heir stock - , :
: of Gents Furnishing Goods- :
Mens' 'and Boys' Clothing , Hats. Caps , Ete. :
is complete and up-to-date. We have a fine line of trunks , :
f and valises and can suit you in size , quality and price. Call : ; . - \
CI and see our immense stock and we win save you money. :
f
i C . W. H. PENN & COMPANY.
C :
, , w
, . , ' . ; , , . ' . .
- - - ' ' > " ' 1\ ' ' : ' ' ' : f' ; 1. <