A new story of Kitchener Is said by G. W. E. Russell to be "probably not so v ry ( ar nitfny. " Cqcll Rhodes mnde motp or lop' trouble for the mill- ' tnry Authorities ' In Kimberlcy , anjl finally Col. Kekcwich one day hello- EiapheNVLord Kitchener that R'hode's interforomte was ? getting 'unbearable. Kitchener's prompt answer was : "You had , bettor piiC him hi chains ! " . , can't Y/euhnve civil tbaulcr-cnsh- lers as well as civil engineers ? Solomon'vns the wisest man. Who was the wisest woman ? ' . Let us believe neither half of 'the good people tell us of ourselves , , nor half the evil they say of others. Do Your lrcet Ache nml _ Tlnrf ? . .t- Shako Into your shoes , A.Um's IJoot- East , a powder for the 'feet. ' * ' It multes * tight or New- Shoes feel Easy. Cures , Corns , Bunions , Swollen , Hatband. . Sweating Feet. At all Druggists and Shoe Stores , 25c. Sample sent FUEE , , Address Allen S.OlWuted.LbRoy , N.'r'Y. " ' ' - The English worklngman has 27S working days. Carter's Ink Is the llcst Ink made , but no clearer thnn tlio poorest. lias llio lament salu or liny Ink In the world. The entertainment of royalty costs British society each year fully , C2,000- 000. FITSPcrmniicntJyCured. r > onttorner l.r t day's > IM > iif Dr. Kllnc'x ( llenl KirnKrrtnrrrt Jml lor rUIUS 82.OO lilal liottlo niu ! trrall'O. } > u. U. II. Ui INK , Ltd. , 9.11 Ann lit , 1 lilliulcll.lilii , I'b. There arc five automobile clubs In Belgium and their combined member ship Is 740. hcnil for "Cholro tiy Walter linker & C''i. Mil. , Uorcliuitcr , Mass. , mailed { rco. Mention this puinr. Settlers are beginning to flock Into Manitoba in large numbers. I do not believe Piso's Cure for Consumption has en oaunl for couchs and colds. JOHN P UorEti. Trinity Springs. Ind. . Feb. ,5.100(1 The locomotive of today weighs about 120 tons , and hauls from 1,200 to 1,800 tons. If you have not tried Magnetic Starch try it now. You will then m.e no other. It's a lonely day In a yellow dog's life when nobody tries to kick him. Blrs , AYInRlov'fl Soothlnft Synp. Toi children teething , softens the pants , -"ilncen lir bitnuiatlo , allpyepain.cures windcollc. 2Joabuttlo. Thou who would'st give , give quick ly. In the grave thy loved one can re ceive no kindness. Try Magnetic Starch it will last longer than any other. The principal business of one gener ation is the training of the next. Shaw. Dropsy treated frco by Dr. II. H. Green's Sons , of Atlnutn , Gn. The greatest dropsy specialist's lu the world. Rend their adver tisement in another column of this paper. A large , large lady never forgets the man who once calTed her "little girl. " There Is every good it reason why , Jacobs Oil should cure I RHEUMATISM 1 NEURALGIA 3 ! LUMBAGO fl ) $ SCIATICA 8 for the rest of the century. One par amount reason is it docs cure , 8ft SURELY AND PROMPTLY ( ft > 1 g ALABASTIHE f bneo wall coating , In 5 Ib. pnpcr packages , mr.do ready for use in \vhito and fourtceu buautiful tints by mixing with cold water. It is a cement that goes through a process of petting , hardens with ago , and can bo coated and rocoa ted withont'washing off its old coats before renewing. Is entirely different from ell the various IcalFoaiuea on the market , being durable and not stuck on the wall with gluo. Alabastino customers should iusift on Laving the goods in packages properly labeled. They eliould reject nil imitations. Tlioro is nothing "just as good. " Prevents much Blckness , particularly throat and lung diOlcnltios , attributable to unsanitary coatings on walls. It has boon rrcoramendcd in a paper published by the. Michigan Stuto Board of Health on account of Itu sanitary features ; which paper strongly condemned lialMiminea , AlabnRtiua can bo urod on cither plastered walls , \vood ceilings , brick or canvas , nnd any ono can brueh it on. It admits of null- cal changes from \\itll paper decorations , thus fecnring at rcat-onnblo cxpenfo the latest ami boat effects , Alabastlnq ia manufactured bj the iii Inatrnctlvo and interesting booklet mailed free to all applicants. IN 3 OR 4 YEARS m INDEPENDENCE ASSURED If you talto up your homes lu Western Can- nda. the land of plenty , Illustrated pamphlets , slvlne experiences of farmers who have lie * come wealthy In grow ing wheat , reports of . delegates , demand full information as to reduced railway rates can be had on application to tbe Superintendent of Imralrzctlon. Department of Interior , Ottawa , CaudT Or to Mi 'VBoanctt , 601 N w Yorlt JMt BlflK , Omaha , Nob. DAIEY AND POULTRY. INTERESTING CHAPTERS FOR OUR RURAL READERS. i ' . . Hnw Pucccisfut Fanner * Opcrnto Thli _ Department of th rarin A 1'nw us to the Cure of L.l\o Stock nnd 1'ouUrj1. Dnlry Notes. It is generally estimated tlmt a quaijt of milk weighs two pounds. But thta is only appioximatc. Getting down-jto a scientific basis we find that It is safe to figure a quart at 2.15 pounds. One so-called authority re- 'dtlcos if to a liner basis than this , and figures cublo foot , of milk at Gl' , pounds ? "A cubic foot'will make 7.403 gallons , and , taking this as a basis , wo have the weight of one gallon as 8.G22-1 , ami carrying out the division * > 'o have the weight of a quart , 2.15C 'pounds. Hut milk rich in cream would weigh less than milk contain ing little cream , for the reason that the cream is lighter than the other elements in the milk. * * * It is safe to assume that for the next ten years at least the South will be unable to do much in dairying. Yet the South presents a magnificent Held for t ie development of a market for dairy goods. It has been growing In that respect , and will continue to grow. Ultimately the dairy industry will take firm root th so , but that time Is yet a good'ways off. In spite of the steady demand in the South for dairy products , there is no general move ment for a local increase of dairy pro duction. This is illustrated by the ab sence of dairy associations of any strength , such as exist In the North. We may feel certain that if the dairy men of the North develop the market named they will be able to control if for a good many years to come. * * * Now is the time to 'consider the advisability of sowing something to servo as green food for the cows a little later. Enough should be sown to make the feeding period as long .ts possible. Usually , where soiling crops arc grown to help the cows over the drouth , the period of feeding is too short. It should generally bo begun before it is. This early beginning with the soiling crop both saves the pas ture and prevents the falling off in the milk flow. As to kind to grow for the cows , it is unnecessary to advise. Every farmer has found out for him self what kind he can grow to best advantage. To the farmer that has not fixed upon the most serviceable crop to him , we would say , "Try all and hold fast to the best. " * * We do not like to criticise , but we can hardly help noticing the following , which appears in an eastern exchange : "Last week n young stock enthusiast visited his grandfather. He spent most of his time in the cow stable brushing and fussing with the cows , making them more comfortable. From the next day's milk from six cows there were made two more pounds of butter than usual , and they conunued * * fo respond to the exlra care and lux ury of a good brushing. Another proof tlmt care pays. " We think that most of our dairy readers will smile at the statement. Remember , the two extra pounds are supposed to have been made from one day's milk. Now , we all recognize the fact that comfort helps to make good results possible , but the above is beyond all reason. * * * Process butler is having a hard time of it in New York , where it is said the law against It is being rigidly en forced. In many of the other states the stuff has a clear field. In some of them there are laws that presume to prevent the sale of process butter , but they are so faulty thit the officials find it impossible to enforce them. In some of the other states , as in Illinois , the sale of process butter Is legal. One thing is certain , and that is that process butter should be sold as such and not as creamery butter. It is re ported from Oregon ( hat a largo Chicago cage company has been selling process butter there contrary to law. When some of the violations came Into court the plea made by the agents of the company was that the butter was pimply on hand , but was not for sale , and that the salesman made a mistake in disposing of it. That is a very remarkable plea. Process butter shipped all the way from Chicago to Oregon , and not for sale ! Yet that plea must have been made under oath. It illustrates how easily and complacently pertain great commercial companies commit perjury through the mouths of their agents. Poultry Xotex. Let no man expect phenomenal re turns from his poultry. He has no more right to expect such thlngo from his hens than from his wheat field , his hog pen or his orchard. If his poultry pays expenses and n fair Interest on the money Invested he should be sat Isfled that the birds are doing well. When a man complains that his flock Is not paying him , ask him how tmi.l ! ho has invested. Sometimes a mar. will Invest $25 In a hen house and yards a .d $23 more In 100 hens. . That makes a $50 investment. He figures that he should make at least $1 per hen per year , which would be 200 per cent on his Investment. Now is It not unreasonable to expect that ? True , it Is sometimes done , but It Is not the rule. Nearly all of our flocks of poul try , no matter how badly handled , pay for their care and a legal rate of In terest besides. * * The reason , why farmers do not ap preciate what the flock does for them is because no records are kept. A man will tell you that chickens do not pay to bother with. Ask him how ho knows and In most cases ho will an swer that ho lias that Impression. Ho has never counted the eggs he has re ceived or the meat , nor has ho taken any account of the rich fertilizer. * * If In-breeding Is followed care should bo taken to eliminate all the wen * birds as breeders on cither aide. Out-breeding tends to correct this , and when out-brceding Is followed It Is less necessary to eliminate the weak ones , or , rather , there will bo fewer weak ones. In-brcedlug Is not to bo entirely discouraged , but It should bo doiifc with Judgment. * * * One reason why blooded birds some times do not do as well as common stock is because they are kept con fined , while the common stock have the run of the farm. The excrclso and variety of food they obtain go a long way to giving good results. The man that has birds that ho wants to use. for breeders should arrange to give them all the space they need. * * * Temperature of Eggs. When the thermometer Is laid on the eggs , If It Is kept In that position , it should have the bulb resting on a fertile egg In stead of on an unfertile one. The fertile eggs are warmer than the in fertile ones by one or two degrees , and If the thermometer Is laid on the Infertile eggs It will register too low. This In turn will result lu keeping the temperature too high. * * * The man that wants to make a suc cess of poultry raising must first give attention to the health of his fowls. This is the first thing to bo looked after. It should not only receive the first attention , but It should receive the bulk of attention ever after. Cure In Milking. How to keep milk sweet without pre servatives is a question that confronts every dairyman. The question is only half answered by some of our best dairymen , and not answered at all by others. There is probably no bettor food for the growth of bacteria- than milk , and once in it they will develop with astonishing rapidity. In the ud der of the average cow there is no bac- lerla , and to get this milk Into closed cans without exposing It to a great number of bacteria la the heart of the problem. From the time the milk leaves the udder till It geta Into the closed can It must run through the midst of the bacteria that It Is desir able shall not be Incorporated with 1L At the exit from the teat it encounters thousands of these minute plants , un less they have been washed out. Other bacteria drop from the outside of the udder into the milk pail , unless the outside of the udder has been washed. From the hands of the milker fall sev eral different kinds of bacteria , un less the hands have been washed. Fin ally in the bottom and seams of the pail are found still other bacteria un less the pall has been made more thin usually clean. By close attention to all of these details the idllk can be made to pass trough air that is com paratively free from fermcntlve bac- Jerla. Forestry Inhibit In 1'nrls. The exhibit of the division of for estry for the Paris Exposition is now complete and on the way to Paris. ) t will bo one of the most novel of the government exhibits and will bu wholly distinct from the commerclil features of lumbering to be shown In another department. The display will be In the form of a hall or pagoda , the walls of which consist of largo trans parencies illustrating American forest conditions. These walls will be double and illuminated by interior electric lights. The pictures range in size from 3 by 5 feet to 4 by G feet. There will be two transparencies G by 10 feet , portraying groves of red fir and Ca'.l- lornla big trees , two of the most im pressive American trees. A point will be made of the relation of forestry to agriculture , and such subjects as pro tective fore&ts , the use of trees In pre serving water supply , the manage ment of woodlands , etc. , are fully Il lustrated. The extent of the timber resources of the United States will be shown by pictures from all Important lumber legions. The distribution of forebts will be shown by maps. Twenty of the most Important American woods will bo represented by sections of trees. Exercise and Health of Fowls. As fowls are ordinarily fed exercise is positively necessary to enable them to digebt the food they take. A ration of grain in large part and other things in small part means that the fowls will have to develop muscle and energy to do the work of grinding. But It is possible to so feed the fowls that ex ercise will not bo of any value. This is shown by the French method of fat tening fowls. They are shut up in n cage and fed on a soft mash several times a day. They are given no room at all for exercise , yet keep perfectly healthy and develop meat and fat at a great rate. Bedding for Horses. A good way to keep horses clean in the stable is to clean out all dirt , etc. , and then cover the floor about three or four Inches thick with dry sawdust , as far back In stall as the horse usually stands , then cover the sawdust with straw , or bed ding that you may use. The sav/dust will absorb the moisture and therefore make the other bedding last longer in case It Is scarce. The sawdust should be replaced by fresh occasionally. Ex Some farmers are making butter that costs them 30 cents a pound and do not kriow It. They are selling the same butter for 1C centa a pound , and wonder why the debts on the farm In crease. UHO Hotter Cattle. ( Extract from n paper read by N. J. ttlchler nt n Wisconsin Institute. ) The advantages of keeping good clock are twofold. First , they are rtioro economical to kec | > , consuming less food for a given ic ult. Second , they produce more dairy products and sell for a higher price per pound as Iteef. The first point Is well illustrated by the parallel of two steam engltifs. Given two engines of equal size , ono a rattletrap nnd the other of the best make and In good order. The did rattletrap will use up more fuel than the other , will make more smoke , and very probably will produce vastly more noise In running. But It will not do- Tclop anywhere near ns milch power as the better machine. Over and over again It has been demonstrated thai a good steam engine Is cheaper than n poor one , because It saves fuel. It IB cheaper to run. An animal Is a living steam engine , and thb food'Is the fuel , to bo con verted into energy , or beef , or milk , according to whether It is a horse < > . * a "beef critter" or a dairy cow. And , llko a steam engine , a well-bred animal will utilise the material to bo trans- foimed to better advantage than will a scrub. This fact has been verified so many limes that It would seem almost uselcfcs to dwell upon It , but .some farmers are skeptical. All such I would refer to the records of our experiment stations connected with agricultural colleges , or with the rec ords of any of the many experiments carried on along tfiis line. The second point , that the product Is worth more , Is easily sssn to bo true in the case of dairy products , where the actual quantity of product Is greater. It is well known that well- bred herds of dairy cattle produce better milk , in greater quantities per head , than do even the very best of fccrubs. And the point that the bof from well-bred stock sells for more per pound can also bo easily proven. Ask any buyer of cattle and he will tell you that thoroughbred stock la more even in size , is more uniform as to condition and appeauinco and quantity of flesh , and will command better than the market price very often , and will always command the highest market price. This advantage is In addition to the fact that thor oughbred stock will make more flesh from a given amount of feed than will scrub stock , so that It gives a double advantage to well-bred cattle over scrubs. I bad a personal demonstration of this pointlast winter which I will not ' boon forget. I took'a bunch of cattle to Milwaukee and sold them there. The man to whom I sold them said that ho would have given one-third to one-half a cent a pound more for them If they had been of a good beef breed. This is a frequent case , and it is well understood that a nice , even bunch of cattle of a good beef breed will alwayn command a higher price than scrubs or cattle not fitted for beef. It would seem that no farmer could hesitate about the wisdom of keeping the best dtock under these circumstances. They will cost no more , and perhaps not as much to keep as poor stock , and will produce more , while the product will sell for a higher price. Composition of I'arU Orcrn. Bulletin 1G5 , N. Y. Experiment Sta tion : In pure copper aceto-arsenlte there are 1.87 pounds of arsenlous oxide - ido for ono pound of copper oxide. Now. this relation Is of value in showIng - Ing whether Paris green contains more arsenious oxide than it ought. The chief adulterant used iu Paris green is arsenlous oxide , commercially known as white arsenic. This is used because it Is cheaper than Paris green and also because It can be safely added without any danger of reducing the amount of arscnious oxide. In fact , a very poor quality of Paris green can be brought up to the legal require ments by addition of arsenlous oxide. However , arsenious oxldo cannot be added to Paris green without Increas ing the ratio of arscnious oxide to cop per oxide above 1.87. In 11 samples examined , the ratio of arscnious oxldo to copper oxide varies from 1.82 to 2.17 and averages 1.88. In sample No. 14 , the arsenlous oxldo exceeds GO per cent and the copper is less than 28 per cent ; hence , the arsenious oxide is present In amounts more than twice exceeding the copper oxide. In other words there is too much arsenlous oxide for the copper oxide present and the only pos sible inference is that white arsenic has cither been added purposely or is present as the result of carelessness In manufacture. Old-fashioned Molasses Candy. Pour into a kettle holding a gallon , one quart of molasses. Boil for half an hour over a slow fire , stirring con stantly and do not let it burn. Test by dropping a llttla in cold water. When it hardens quickly and Is brittle ad'l half a teaspoonful of bicarbonate of soda or baking soda free from lumps. Mix quickly and pour when cool enough to handle , rub the hands lightly with butter or dust them with flour to prevent sticking and pull over hook till the desired shade Is reached. Silage for Sheep. Silage is good for sheep as well as for other farm stock. The time is not far distant when sil age for sheep will be provided for summer as well as for winter use. The sheep have to become accustomed to It to cat it readily , but that Is the case with the dairy cow. The men that have tried to feed silage to sheep and have failed have generally abandoned the attempt too soon. There are 53,000 acres of most beau tiful forest within the confines of the Yosemite , General Grant and Sequoia national parks of California. "Sieve Yorlt'H'Ulcliont Club. , Tlie latest nniiunl report of the Unl- vcrelty cittb In tlmt city shown n cnsh surplus for the year of $50,403.08 , nftcr nn Investment of $2,019,000 In n new club houc"y.'lilch Is not only the finest clubhouse In the United States nnd perhaps In the world , but Is also the moat beautiful building In Now York's finest nVcmic. Its Income for the year was $ 'I11,1D3.13. Its expenditures wore $357,7-19.35. It has 2,973 members , and the pressure for admission Is great. THE LETTER WAS GENUINE Anil C < > nlnlnr < l r.ioU A Former Amer ican Settled In Wofttorn Cnnndn riootlwl with Ituiulrlin. A short time since n letter appeared In these columns sinned by Mr. W. II. Klnkndo of Alanictl.i , Asslnlbola.Wcst- c-rn Canada , which caused tlmt gentle man to receive a great many Inquiries , most of them anxious to know If the ieitcr was genuine. To a largo nuni- bnr of the inquiries nnawers were sent , but It was Impossible to reply to all. Wr > take plcasuio In submitting to our readers a specimen of replies sent by Mr. Klnkade : "Yts , the letter dated December 22 , ISflO , supposed to have been written by me , which you saw In your local papers , was genuine and contained facts. 1 will say of the Information received from the Canadian Govern ment Agents prior to coming here , 1 did not find a single untrue statement. The Canadian Ciovcrnmcnt Is honor able and Its Agents dare not inlsicnro- sent this country or they would lose their jobs. There Is quite u bit of land for homestomllng yet , a very lit tle close to market , but mainly from G to 20 miles from stations. The coun try , hereabouts Is n prairie , nearly level , slightly ioiling , not n rough country by any means. Homestead cntrlcp cost $10 : on land that has been cancelled there is a ? 5 cancellation fee extra and , In somij cases an inspec tion fee of ? 5 mid where the former occupant hay in ado any substantial Improvements there arc small Amounts to pay for Improvements. This IB a poor place for n poor man unless he has brains and muscle and 'git and grit , ' but with these requisites ho can succeed. The population of this part of Asslnlabula has doubled during the past two years. There has been as much prairie broken the past two years as was already broken previous to 1898. C. P. U. land ( odd sections ) Joining homestead land sells at $3 per acre. Improved quarters within four to five miles of town sell at $1,000 this spring. This is not a Garden of Eden at all , no man need think ho can come here nnd get rich In a short time with out much labor , but If ho will work and bo saving he can soon be an in dependent farmer tilling his own soil and getting good returns for his labor. "We burn coal , which' costs us $1.85 per load at the mines , which are 20 miles southwest of us. "People with stock and machinery should come In Mny so as to have all Juno to break In. These who expect to work for wagca for the 11 rat year or two should come by the end of July to work through harvest and threshing and then go to the coal fields and work all winter nnd by spring he could bo ready to Improve homestead. "A quarter section of railway land sells at $3 per acre. The Interest Is all figured upand a man 1ms about $71 to pay cash , and If he breaks at least 10 acres first breaking season bis $21 Interest for the first year Is thrown off and the second fall following pur chase ho has $ GO to pay and then $ COte to pay for 8 more falls , which makes a total of $ G11 the quarter coata him , including all Interest. Paying for a quarter of land that way Is like keepIng - Ing a life insurance policy paid , only t decs not take so long to do It. By jf rnaiOhoinesteading one quarter and buying another quarter gives him a chance to have a 320-acre farm all his own and have it paid for in ten years , and after that he Is sure of an easy living if he is any good at all. " ( Signed ) W. 11. KINKADE. " Henry Pcirlno Townsend , a well- known New York lawyer , u native of Illinois and a Callfornian pioneer of 1819 , is dead , cged 7-1 years. Use Magnetic Starch Ithas no equal The number of languages and dia lects spoken in the wor.a amounts to 3.0C4. Magnetic Starch Is the very best laundry starch In th ? world. The true pessimist would rather be wrong than happy. vfH CiiniKlliui Annexation ! J , J , Ford , n native of Ohio , now liv ing In Toronto , SJIXB : , . "It will .tako two or throe Bett.eratlo.nB to produce the kind of people that Mil consent to the annexation ) of Gnnada to the United S atcg. wMlud , ( Jo pot nay this from n ( Tanndlnn'n standpoint. I nm speaking- a 3foimior citizen of this country and one who lias the Interest of tho.Uulted States .at hcnrl. . . Hut I say that annexation is out of the ques tion for two or three gcnorat.ons yet to como. " Tito tSoranqGntcnts of tlio female opffnnssm that hrcGfi all klsisls offta'oublo antj which owSSnary ftrao" tico t/oGS not & ( ire , as'Q the very things that & & & way promptly to lytfia " - P/n r- liana's Vet/otakfo Gem troubles , Edfiimy troubles , ctioorsitSanSf tamoi's , aen usttat discharges , Ssack aches , aneS pa&i fiai fjot'Iodfs - thosQ are the ills that hang osa ant ! wt'eclt ItoaSth ami happiness atati dis position * I Lydia E. Plnkham's Vegetable Compound 8 lias a wofsiforfuS of absolute suites of tifseso tpQub/es a const * awf sarfes off stecccsses foe1 thirty yoai's of woman vcstoh for Thees * constantly Sn $5ss > Genuine ftSuct Boar Signature of Sec Foc-Slallo Wrapper Below. amsll nnii as easy to lalto us nagnr. FOR HEADACHE. FOR DIZZINESS. FOR BILIOUSNESS. FOR TORPID LIVER. FOR nOHStlPATICN. FOR SALLOW SKIH. FOP TIIECOF.1PLEXIOS , _ . * JIUCTIUVt 25 ficta I V CURE SICK HEADACHE. SS& 3..5Q SHOES rth S4tp$6 compared with other niakes. Indorsed by in or 1,000,000 woarora. I TJifnemilne have VV. L. | Douglas * name and prce damped on bottom. Take no substitute cUlmcd tr > _ . as good , Your dealer thould keep them If , not , wen ill sends ] on receipt ol price an extra for carriage. State kind of leather , size , anrl widlli , plain or can tor. Ol. free. W. L DOUGllS SHOE CO. . Brockton. Mass. ALUMINUM CREAM SEPARATORS uiil | up lu dale tliuruS. llio'-fct i > > "f" ' ton 1 lint o work perfectly. C. llnrili , Allcuheny C'o..I'n. ClrrulurHfrce ; wrln ; < iultkly. ( ) IHHON-STi\VAllT .Ml U. CO. , UlliMOL'ln , Ttu In view of the many mlslcacinp and unscrupulous Imitations oi " Baker's Chocolate " v/hlch have recently been put upon the market , v/e find It necps- sary to caution consumers against these attempts to deceive and to ask them to examine every package they purchase , and make sure that It has on the front a yellow label , with our name and place of manufacture. WALTER BAKER & CO. Ltd. , DORCHESTER , MASS. , Belle Chocolate" . If your grocer does not keep the genuine article , please let TIUDt.MAPIKi us know , and we will endeavor to put you In the way of netting It. Send for a copy of our Cfioice Recipe book , mailed free to any applicant - * P plicant who mentions this paper. if WALTER BAKER & CO. Limited , Dorchester , Muss. \ & < ji ESTABLISHED 17 Ot Q& & & & * & & & 4&