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A BEAUTIFUL
Cxoltlncr Caroor of Major Paulina CushmnnTompestuouj Scene tho
Night She Toasted Jeff Davis ana tne South in a Louisiana Thoater.
Of the small band of women who
were of m&terlnl assistance In the "r
icret" branch of the government's work
There were none more faithful, more
efficient and more worthy of the grate
ul remembrance of her countrymen
than one who sleeps, undisturbed by
the war alarms of the presont, In the
Grand Army plat of the City cemetery
in San Francisco.
"Pauline Cushman" this heroine lilt
ed to be called, even In the latter days
when another name was hers by right.
tor It was as Pauline Cushman that
she won popularity In her youth and
afterward distinguished herself by her
devotion to her country In Its hour of
need. And best of all did she like
to be addressed by her rightful title
of major, since she earned her com
mission sinned by the martyred Lin'
coin himself by deods of daring which
irnlned her at the lime not only the
admiration of the army of the Cum
berland, to which she was attached
but of the entire country as well.
Pntillno Cushman was born In New
Orleans In 1S33. Her father was a
Spanish refugee of excellent family and
tier mother n Trench Creole, noted for
lier Rrncc and beauty even In that city
of Kmcpful and beautiful women. From
her parents she Inherited tho charms
of fnce and figure, the ardent, Impul
sive, emotional temperament, the bril
liancy of Intellect and the fascination
of manner, which particularly fitted
her for the role she was destined to
piny In the drama of the preservation
of our union.
An early removal to Grand Ilnplds.
TM !eli.. gave Pauline the advantage of
a childhood and youth Spent amid
'surroundings which developed the laL
nt force of her character and so
strengthened her physically that the
-delicate southern born girl soon rivaled
.licr northern mntec In vigorous heulth.
Carefully educated nnd environed by
the somewhat Irksome though entirely
loving watchfulness! characteristic of
lilgh-clnss southern households. the
lf-llkc child grew Into girlhood so
tieautiful thnt she became the envy of
Iter girl friends and an anxiety to those
who loved her best. Sht early showed
aii Impatience of control and an Inde
pendence of spirit which marked her
strong Individuality, and when she ar
rived nt the age IS n girlish rebellion
occurred against domestic rules and
(regulations.
Quite against the wishes of her rlght
tful guardians, who shrank from the
idea of a public career for their ldoK
Izcd daughter. Miss Cushman Insisted I
upon entering the theatrical profes
sion, for which she felt herself partic
ularly fitted, Being fortunate enough
ito find n manager who recognized and
-appreciated her undoubted talent, she
was soon advanced to the front rank
of vaudeville actresses, depending upon
3icr southern birth to gain her the ini
tial good will of her audiences, made
.inany trips along the southern circuit
of that day and established herself as
ja prime favorite with the theater-going
guiblic on the lower side of what was
afterward known as Mason and Dixon's
line
When war was declared Miss Cush
xnan was paying a successful engage
tnent through the Middle and Western
states, but went south the next year
playing In those cities which had not
as yet ranged themselves openly and
boldly on the side of the confederacy
Having always, for professional rea
sons, made a boast of her southern
blrth, the charming actress wns sup
tposed to be at heart an adherent of
'4he "Stars and Uars," and In every
town where she appeared she attracted
airound her a cli'cle of southern sym
pathizers who delighted In showing her
tall possible attention In public and
private nnd doing everything In their
power to prove their admiration of her
uid her supposed sentiments.
In March. 1SG3. came the turning
Holnt in Pauline Cushnmn's life. Here
tofore she hnd been only an ordinarily
wuoeeflsfiil actress, earning a good sal
.aryand living In careless ease, courted
flattered and envied as those who are
young, beautiful and fortunate always
.atv. She had never experienced a hnrd
iTdp or known a real trouble, her ways
had all been ways of plensuntness and
she hnd lived like n butterfly in one
long day of sunshine.
Strange.wns it not, that she should
-turn from all this to brove dangers the
.thought of which might well cause
Btout-hcarted men to hesitate before
lacing them? That she should of her
own free will give up her career, her
luxuries, her flattering friends, all per
son comfort and all real assurance of
personal safety, to become a scout and
spy for the Union forces, for the stm
Ile, but to her sufficient, reason that
she felt that her country needed Just
the special work that she could do bet
ter than any one else who could, at
rthat time, be secured?
She knew that In entering this work
-ahe braved more than the possibility of
a shameful death, for the southerners,
though chivalrous, were never meicl-
iul to spies. But her patriot soul look
ed above all this at the starry banner
that she loved, and so gazing she for
got all but the fact that ehe was need
ed to help hold it aloft.
There are those alive today who re
member well the night when Pauline
-Cushman made her dramatic exit from
-the scene of her many triumphs. She
had been playing a long engagement
at Wood's theater, Lculsvllle.and had
had a brilliantly successful season, both
socially and professionally. The city
was full of carefully repressed seces
sion sentiment and Pauline was the
center of attraction to the large con
tingent of paroled confederate officers
-who made the place their temporary
thorne. One of these gentlemen, with a
wlew to making a sensation and an.
string the loyal residents, dared the
'popular actress to drink a toast to
Jefferson Davis In one of the scenes
-of the "Seven Sisters." the play then
-on the boards, and she gave him her
word that she would,
All over the town the news spread
-and on the appointed night the theater
vas packed with both friends and foes
-of the confederacy, all eager to see If
-the program would be carried out. The
audience was a strange one and the
atmosphere of the crowded hall was
tike that which precedes a tropical
thunderstorm deathly still ana full of
a. foreboding which Is almost a promise
of tragedy.
The play went on smoothly and qui--etly
until the fateful moment came.
Then, with brilliantly Hashing eyes and
.a smile that was scornfully triumphant,
Albeit she was a trifle pale behind the
?ouge that she had thought best to
wear for this one night, Miss Cushman
-advanced to the front of the stage, and
raising a wineglass on high In her
slender hand, said, clearly, deliberately
.and defiantly: "Here's to Jefferson Da--Vis
and the southern confederacy. May
-the south always maintain her honor
aand her rights."
The house became a pandemonium
ron the Instant, and the terrified man
ager, who had never believed that the
-dashing actress would carry out what
GIRL UNION SPY.
he ronsldercd an Idle beast Intended to
advertise herself, rang down the cur
tain before the wineglass touched the
laughing lips.
That night Pauline was discharged
from the company, and the next day
i she was the Idol of every southerner
J who henrd the story. Every door and
Uvery heart was open to her, and when
after being lionized for some time tr
Louisville, she wns sent beyond the
lines on account of her openly ex
pressed disloyalty, the people of Nash
ville, considering her a victim of Yan
kee tyranny, welcomed her enthusi
astically and Inuded her to the skies.
Not for many months was the truth
cn suspected. No one save the net
ress herself and those under whose or
ders she wns working knew thnt pre
vious to that sensntlonnl episode In
Louisville she had made a confidant
of Colonel Moore, the provost marshal
f the district, convinced him of het
staunch loyalty, taken the oath of al
legiance and entered the secret service
of the United States
All the while that she was bclnsr
entertained by southern admirers she
was gnlnlng from them Information as
to how they managed to send supplies
across the lines, and the practices of
the guerrillas, the plans of the army
nnd the names of those most Inimical
to tho government. The southerners
kept no secrets from her. since they
believed her fully In accord with them,
and tho knowledge which she gained
was almost Invaluable to the army at
that time,
Her thorough familiarity with the
roadB and tho different localities In
Kentucky, Tennessee. Georgia. Missis
slppl nnd Alnbama made her services
as a scout most Important, nnd her un
faltering bravery and unflinching de
votion to what she thought her duty
made her seem almost a second Joan
of Arc to her comrades in arm
Her adventures were numerous nnd
exciting, but her histrionic ability and
training stood her In good stead many
times. She understood the art of muko
up and chnracter acting to perfection,
nnd her expressive fnce and tall llgure
lent themselves readily to many dis
guises. As a bent, wrinkled, crack -voiced
old woman; an overgrown, lout
ish country youth; n buxom, sun-bonneted
damsel, or a gray-coated soldier
on sick leave she explored the country
the forts and the camps, ufterwnicls
sending full reports to her superior
nnd through It all her woman's quick
wit stood her In good stead and kept
her from betraying herself, no matter
wnat the pressure of circumstances
might be
Her narrow escapes were many, but
perhaps her narrowest wns when she
wns captured by the famous guerrilla,
Jack Morgan.
Out on a scouting expedition, misad
ventures on the road had caused Mis
Cushman to seek temporary shelter In
tho house of a small planter, nnd Mor
gan, swooping down upon the plnce In
his unexpected fashion, had found he)
there and straightway suspected lu-i
of being what she really was a spy
Not wishing to take the responsibility
of deciding upon her case, he cnnclud
ed to turn her over to Genernl McKln.
atry, the provost murshal, and she wnt
sent to the headquarters of General
Bragg, known, because of tils wiry
angular physique and his cold, reserved
and unimpressionable manner, as Cast
Iron Bragg.
Beauty in disguise had no effect on
this stern martinet. A spy was a spy
whether In petticoats or trousers, and
whether handsome or ugly. He put
the fair captive through a searching
cross-exnmlnotlon and then tried her
by court-martial and sentenced her to
be hanged
To the fact that the excitement and
anxiety which she hnd experienced
made her too ill to rise from the rough
pallet In her prison, she owed the
preservation of her life. Even the grim
general did not enre to hang a woman
spy though she was who was so sick
that she could not stand upon her feet,
nnd taking her cue from this unex
pected leniency the clever actress grew
worse Instead of better dnlly. Her case
seriously puzzled the skilled physician
called In to diagnose It; her captors
were beginning to suspect that she wan
quite well enough to be hanged if she
wanted to be. when Genernl Hosecrans
ndvanee gun id came rattling into town
nnd restored her to "life, liberty and
the pursuit of happiness."
After that she was a little more cau
tious than she hnd been previously,
and although she was wounded twice,
once so seriously that she never fully
recovered from the effects of It up
to the time of her death, she was never
again capture! by the enemy. She serv
ed faithfully up to the end of the war.
nnd the soldiers of Genernl Hosecrans"
command fairly worshiped her.
A major's commission was given her
honorary, of course, ns It Is In all
cases where It is bestowed on women
but In her eyes of Inestimable value
as expressing something of the army's
feeling regarding her.
Fate was not kind to her In the long
years that Intervened between those
days of brave exploit and the dreary
December day In 1S93 when the Lincoln
post of San Francisco laid her to rest.
Trouble and misfortune came to her;
friends proved fnlse or became estranged-
the later generations forgot
the story of the past..
Though never adequately rewarded
for her heroic services, she loved her
country to the last, unselfishly and
truly. It was perhaps a poor reward,
but It was one thnt she always desired,
that the flag of our nation draped her
bier, that soldiers as well as civilians
followed her to the grave, that a salute
was fired across the mound above her,
and that "taps" were sounded when
the curtain tell upon the drama of her
life.
Sacred Baboon.
There has been received at the Lon
don Zoo a strange beast an Arabian
or sacred baboon, from North Africa.
The specimen, which Is an adult male,
Is very fierce and inhospitable to vis
itors, rushing furiously to the bars of
his cage when any cne approaches.
Very few of these baboons have been
Imported Into this country, and the
latest Is one of the finest ever seen.
Although this baboon takes his name
from Arabia, It Is more common in
Abyssinia and the Soudan. It Is often
represented on the ancient monuments
of Egypt, and some have suggested
that It may be the satyr of Holy Scrip
ture. When full grown the male Is as
big as a good sized pointer dog. It Is
remarkable for Its ashen gray color
and Its shaggy mane, which covers
the neck and shoulders, and extends
backwards over a considerable portion
of the body.
Naturalists have ascertained that
scorpions and certain kinds of spiders
I are able to make peculiar noises to
I warn an enemy that an attack is at
tended by danger.
TALMAGE'S SERMON.
Washington. D. C, July Dr Tal
mage In this discussion, tells the story
of a beautiful queen dethroned, nnd
draws practical lessons for all condi
tions and all times. Text.Esther I.. 11-12-Bring
Vashtl. the queen, before the
king with the crown royal, to show the
people and the princes her beauty; for
she was fair to look upon. But the
Queen Vonhtl refused to come.
Wo stand amid the palaces of
Shushan. The pinnacles nre aflame
with the morning light. The columns
rise festooned and wreathed, the wealth
of empires flashing from the grooves;
the ceilings adorned with Images of
bird and beast, and scenes of prowess
nnd qonquost. Thp walls are hung
wun shields, nnd emblazoned until It
seems thnt the whole round of splend
ors is exnnusteu.
Each arch Is a mighty leaf of archl
tectural achievement. Golden stars
shining down on glowing arnbsque.
Hangings of embroidered work In
which mingle the blueness of the sky,
the greenness of the grnss and the
whiteness of the seafnam. Tapestries
hung on silver rings, wedding together
the plllnrs or marble. These for repose,
filled with luxurant couches In which
weary limbs sink until nil fatigue is
submerged. Those for carousal where
kings drink down n kingdom at one
swallow.
Amazing spectacle1 Light of silver
dripping down over stairs of Ivory on
shields of gold. Floors of stnlned mar
ble, sunset red and night black nnd In
laid with gleaming pearl. In connec
tion with this palace there Is a garden,
where the mighty men of foreign lands
nre seated nt a banquet. Under the
spread of onk and linden nnd acacia
the tables are arranged. The breath of
honeysuckle nnd frankincense fills the
air. Fountains leap up Into the light,
tho spray struck through with rain
bows falling Into crystalline baptism
upon flowering shrubs then rolling
down through chnnnels of marble, and
widening out here and there Into pools
swirling with the finny tribes of foreign
aquariums, bordered with scarlet ane
mones, Hypericums, and mnny-colored
ranunculi.
SCENE FOB EPICURES.
Meats of rarest bird and beast smok
ing up amid wreaths of nromatlcs. The
vases filled with apricots and almonds.
The baskets plied up with apricots and
figs and oranges and pomegranates.
Melons tastefully twined with leaves
of acacia. Tho bright waters of Eula
eus filling the urns and dropping out
side the rim In ftnshlng bends amid the
traceries. Wine from the royal vats
of Ispnhan and Shlrnz. In bottles of
tinged shell, and lily-shaped cups of
sliver, and flagons and tankards of
solid gefld. The mukic rises higher,
and the revelry breaks out into wilder
transport, and the wine has flushed
the cheek and touched the brain, and
louder than all other voices are the hic
cough of the Inebriates, the gnbble of
fools, and the song of the drunkards.
In another part of the palace Queen
Vashtl Is entertaining the Princess of
Persia at a banquet. Drunken Ahasuer
us says to his servants, "You go nnd
fetch Vashtl from that banquet with
the women, nnd bring her to this ban
quet with the men, nnd let me display
her beauty." The servants immediate
ly start to obey the king's command;
but there was a rule in oriental so
ciety that no woman might appear In
public without having her face veiled.
Yet there was a mandate that no one
dare dispute, demanding that Vashtl
come unveiled before the multitude.
VASHTI SCOBNS HIM.
However, there was In Vashtl's soul
a principle more regal than Ahasuerus,
more brilliant than the gold of Shu
shan, of more wealth than the realm
of Persln, which commanded her to
disobey this order of the king; and so
all the righteousness and holiness and
modesty of her nature rise up Into one
sublime refusal. She says, "I will not
go Into the banquet unveiled." Aha.
uerus was lnfur'?jta;.and Vnshtl. rob
bed of her position nnd her estate. Is
driven forth in poverty and ruin
to suffer the scorn of a na
tlon, and yet to receive the applause
of ufier generations, who shall rise up
to admire this martyr to kingly inso
lence. Well, the last vestige of that
feast Is gone; the last garland has
faded; the last arch has fallen; the last
tankard has been destroyed; nnd
Shushan Is a ruin; but ns long ns the
world stands there will be multitudes
of men nnd women, familiar with the
bible, who will come Into this picture
gallery of God and admire the divine
portrait of Vashtl the the queen,
Vashtl the veiled, Vashtl the sacrifice.
Vashtl the silent.
In the llrst place, I want you to look
upon Vashtl the queen. A blue ribbon,
rayed with white, drawn around her
forehead, Indicated her queenly posi
tion. It was no small honor to be queen
In such a renlm as that. Hark to the
rustle of her robes! See the blnze of
her Jewels! And yet It Is not necessary
to have place and regal robes in order
to be queenly. When I see a woman
with stout faith In God. putting her foot
upon all mean net's and selfishness and
godless display, going right forward to
serve Christ and the race by a grand
and a glorious service, I say: "That
woman Is a queen," and the ranks of
heaven look over the battlements upon
the coronation; and whether she comes
up from the shanty on the commons or
the mansion of the fashionable square,
I greet her with the shout, "All hall,
Queen Vashtl!"
VASHTI THE VEILED.
Agnln, I wnnt you to consider Vashtl
the veiled. Had she appeared before
Ahasuerus and his court on that day
with her face uncovered she would
have shocked all the delicacies of orl
entnl society, and the very men who In
their intoxication demanded that she
come. In their sober moments would
have despised her. As some flowers
seem to thrive best In the dark lane and
In the shadow, and where the sun doeB
not seem to reach them, so God np
polnts to most womanly natures a re
tiring and unobtrusive spirit. God once
In a while does call an Isabella to a
throne, or a Miriam to strike the tim
brel at the front of a host, or a Marie
Antoinette to quell a French mob. or a
Deborah to stand at the front of an
armed batallton. crying out. "Up! Up!
This Is the day In which the Lord will
deliver Slsera into the hands."
And when the women nre called to
such out-door work and to such heroic
positions, God prepares them for It:
and they have iron in their soul, and
lightnings In their eye, and whirlwinds
In their breath, and the borrowed
strength of the Lord omnipotent In
their right arm. They walk through
furnaces as though they were hedges
of wild-flowers, and cross seas as
though they were shimmering sap
phire: and all the harpies of hell down
to their dungeon at the stamp of wom
anly Indignation.
THE TRUE WOMAN.
But these are the exceptions. Gen
erally, Dorcas would rather make a
garment for the poor boy; Rebecca
would rather fill the trough of the cam
els; Hannah would rather make a coat
for Samuel; the Hebrew maid would
rather give a prescription foi Naa
man's leprosy; the woman of Sarepta
would rather gather a few sticks to
cook a meal for famished Elijah; Phebe
would rather carry a letter for the In
spired apostle: Mother Lois would
rather educate Timothy In the scrlp-
Iturcs. When I see a woman golna
-uuuui uer unuy uuiy. wun cheerful
uiKiuiy iircniuing at tne mole, with
kind and gentle but Arm discipline pre
siding In the nursery, going out Into
the world without any blast of trum
pets, following In the footsteps of hltn
who went nbout doing good, I ay:
"This Is Vnshtl with a veil on "
But when 1 see a woman of unblush
ing boldness, loud-voiced, with n
tongue of Infinite clltter-clatter, with
arrogant look, passing through the
streets with tho step of a walking
beam, iravlv nrrnvptl In n voi-v liiirri-
enne of millinery, I cry out: "Vnshtl
nun mm ner vein" when I see n
womnn struggling for political prefer
menttrying to force her way on up
to consplculty. amid the masculine
demngogucs. who stand with swollen
fists, and bloodshot eyes, nnd pestifer
ous breath, tn frilnril ttin nnlta ivnntlnK
tO g0 thrOUch tllf tnnforlam nrwl .luflln-
ment of popular sovereigns, who crawl
up from the saloons greasy, nnd foul,
nnd vermin-covered, to decide ques
tions of Justice, and order, and civilisa
tion when 1 see a woman, I say, who
wants to press through all that horri
ble scum to get to public place nnd
power, I say: "Ah. what a pity! Vashtl
has lost her veil!"
A WELL-KNOWN CHARACTER.
When I see n womnn of comely feat
ures, and of ndroltness of intellect, and
endowed with all that the schools eon
do for her, nnd of high social position,
yet moving In society with supercilious
ness nnd hnuteur, ns though she would
have people know their place, and with
an undefined combination of giggle and
Btrut and rhodomontnde, endowed with
allopathic quantities of talk, but only
homeopathic Infinitesimals of sense,
the terror of dry goods clerks and rail
road conductors, discoverers of signifi
cant meanings In plain conversation,
prodigies of badinage and Innuendo
I say: "Vashtl has lost her vail."
Angaln, I want you this morning to
consider Vashtl the sacrifice. Who is
this I see coming out of the palace
gate at Shushan. It seems to me that
I have seen her before. She comes
homeless, houseless, friendless, trudg
ing along with a broken heart. Who
Is she? It Is Vnshtl the sacrifice. Oh!
what a change It was from regal posi
tion to n wayfarer's crust! A little
while ago, approved and sought Tor:
now, none so poor as to acknowledge
her acquaintanceship. Vashtl the sac
rifice! Ah! you and T have seen It many
a time. Here Is a home empalaced with
beauty. All that refinement and books
and WPnlth ran fin fnr Hint l.nvnn Una
been done; but Ahasuerus, the husband
and the father, is taking hold on paths
ui sin. .tie is gradually going down.
After a while he will flounder nnd
struggle like a wild beast In the hun
ter's net further away from God, fur
ther away from the right. Soon the
uuKiii uiipurei oi me cnuuren win turn
to rags; soon the household song will
become the sobbing of a broken heart.
The old story over again. Brutal
Centaurs breaking up the marriage
feasts of Lapithae. The house full of
outrage and cruelty and abomination,
while trudging forth from the palace
gate are Vashtl and her children.
HOMES NOW IN DANGER.
There nre homes in all parts of this
land that are In danger of such break
ing UTl. Oh. A hnmiofiial thnt ,m.
should stand In a home, by a dissipated
life destroying the peace and comrort
of that home. God forbid that vour
umiuren suouia ever nave to wring
their hands, and have people point
their flnsrer at thpm ns thov nn iinun
the street, and say, "There goes a
drunkard's child." God forbid that the
nine ieei snouiu ever have to trudge
the Dath of nnvcrlv nrwl wrislihiulnniioi
God forbid that any evil spirit born of
iim wine uuu or me Dranuy glass
should come forth and uproot that gar
den, nnd With 1 Inntlnrr tiHotat-lnr. nil.
consuming curse, shut forever the pal
ate B"ie uKuuiHi vusnu ana me chil
dren. One nlnrht rinrlnrr nur xlt.li ...r.-
I went to Hagerstown to look at
me unuy. ana j stood on a
hlll-totl nnrl Innkofl ilmvn Knnn
them. I saw the camp-fires all through
the valleys and all over the hills. It
.us u iiiu Bpeciacie, mose camp
fires, and I stood and watched them;
and the Snlrflpm whn wnro rrntlwirn.l
around them were, no doubt, talking of
nun nuines, anu ot me long march they
had taken, and of the battles they were
to fight; but after awhile 1 saw these
camp-fires begin to lower; and they
Continued to Inwnr until tViov iv..ru oil
gone out, nnd the army slept.
ii was imposing when I saw the
camp-fires; It was Imposing In the
darkness when I thought of that great
llORt nslppn. Wpll Onil lnnlra 1n...
from heaven, and he sees the firesides
of Christendom nnd the loved ones
gathered around these firesides. These
are the camp-flres where we warm our
selves at the close of day. and talk
over me Dames or uie we nave fought
and the battles that are yet to come.
God crant that whpn nt Inst thpoo nn
begin to go out, and continue to lower
uuui imuiiy iney are exiinguisned, and
the ashes of consumed hopes strew the
hearth of thp nltl hnmp.qtpnrl It mm, ttn
because we have
Clone to sleep that last sleep.
From which none ever wake to weep.
Now we are nn nrmv nn tho mnrxh nt
life. Then we shall be an army blvou-
ut-Keu in me tent or tne grave.
HER QUIET RESOLVE.
Once more; I want you to look at
Vashtl the silent. You do not hear any
outcry from this woman as she goes
forth from the palace gate. From the
very dignity of her nature, you know
there will be no vociferation. Sometimes
in life It Is necessary to make a retort:
sometimes In life It Is necessary to re
sist; but there are crises when the most
triumphant thing to do Is to keep si
lence. The philosopher, confident In his
newly discovered principle, waiting for
the coming of more Intelligent genera
tions, willing that men should laugh at
the lightning-rod and cotton-gin and
steamboat and telegraph waiting for
for long years through the scoffing of
philosophical schools, In grand and
magnificent silence.
Galileo, condemned by mathematic
ians, and monks, and cardinals, cari
catured everywhere, yet waiting and
watching with his telescope to see the
coming up of stellnr reinforcements,
when the stars In their courses would
fight for the Copernlcan system; then
sitting down In complete blindness and
deafness to wait for the coming on of
the generations who would build his
monument and bow at his grave. Tho
reformer, execrated by his contempor
aries, fastened In a plllory.the slow fires
of public contempt burning under him,
ground under the cylinders of the
printing press, yet calmly waiting for
the day when purity of soul and hero
ism of character will get the sanction
of earth and the plaudits of heaven.
Soon after Thomas L. Rosser's ap
pointment as brigadier general had
been made, one of the newly appointed
officers In Washington asked the gen
eral where he was going to have his
uniforms made, remarking that he had
had six suits made, at a cost of $700.
"I will only need." remarked Rosser,
"a flannel shirt, which I can buy any
where, a pair of shoulder straps and
a string or piece of braid around my
hat to designate that I am an officer."
METHODS OF ENFORCING DISCIPLINE.
What Infrootlono of Duty Costs the Soldiers and Sailors In the Army
and Navy WorBt Forms of Punishment In China and Arabia.
Punishments resorted to In the ar
mies and navies throughout the world
differ from those used among civilians.
In that they are quicker, more rigid
and, perhaps, more severe. It has been
found necessary, however, that In mili
tary affairs, the soldiers and sailors
who have been guilty of breaking any
of the orders or rules Inid down by
their superiors shall be severely pun
ished, for, ns a military officer once
said: "Discipline Is necessary to the ex
istence of an army, and punishment
Is necessary to maintain discipline."
The punishment ndonted bv the va
rious nations of the world, In dealing
with their soldiers nnd sailors, differ;
those of the United States and Eng
land nre the most similar. Probably
the worst forms of punishment are used
In China, Arabia, etc.
The ancestors of the present Amer
icans cnine, principally, from Eneland.
and It was natural that they should
adopt the customs of tho old country.
Some years ago one of the forms of
punishment In the English army and
navy was flogging. A soldier or sailor
who had been guilty of what the offi
cers considered a grave offense was
flogged with a rattan cane, or with
the famous cat-o'-nlne-talls. So It
happened that In the American mili
tary serious flogging was resorted to.
For a light offense the culprit received
from half a dozen to ten or twenty
blows; for graver ones, sometimes fifty
or even more; In both the English and
American navies this form of punish
ment was very common and the sailors
who disobeyed orders or broke the rules
expected It. In 1SG1, however flogging
was abolished In the American service
and It Is no longer used In England. .
The system of deciding the various
military punishments In the United
States is by court martial. Certain offi
cers are appointed to hear the facts in
the case and whatever defense the cul
prit may care to make. When they
have heard all sides of the subject they
decide whether or no the prisoner de
serves punishment and of what kind
it shall be.
The punishments used In the Amer
ican army and navy are: Death, con
finement in the guard house or In a
military prison; hard labor (for some
of the worst offenses, with ball and
chain), forfeiture of pay, dishonorable
discharge from the service, and con
finement on bread and water, but the
latter cannot be for more than fourteen
days at a time.
If the culprit is nn officer, sergeant,
corporal, etc., he may be reduced to
the ranks. Death Is seldom resorted to
except In very extreme cases, but in
time of war this mode of punlshm-nt
Is more frequent. A soldier who falls
asleep while on picket duty, and thus
gives the enemy a chance to surprise
the camp, may be sentenced to be shot.
Great cowardice In battle may also
be punished In the same way. and ev
ery boy knows thai a spy. if captured,
is very apt to be hanged; spies are
very dangerous to the welfare of an
army, and while being shot does not
seem so bad to some soldiers, the Idea
that death will come by hanging Is very
much dreaded Desertion is also fre
quently punished. In war time, with
death. During our last war if a sol
ICE-COLD NERVE.
"The coldest nerve I ever saw dis
played by any one," said the gray-haired,
young-looking man, "was Jack At
wood's, when, after being shot from
behind, he paused to nail his poker
hand to the table with a bowle knife
before turning and drawing his own
revolver to return the Are.
"Atwood was a queer fellow In a
good many ways. Physically he wasn't
much to look at, but he had dandified
habits that seemed curiously out of
place In a man whose business kept
constantly In association with the
roughest men in the country at the
time I am speaking of the lumbermen
on the upper Mississippi 30 years ago
and who was, In fact, as wild as the
wildest of them. He was small and a
little stoop shouldered, and his face
was narrow and sallow, with a queerly
crooked nose, and little sharp eyes that
were set much too close together to be
pleasing. He was as vain as a pea
cock, though, and dressed always In
fashion-plate style, shaved every day
and waxed his mustache, which was a
habit nobody else Indulged In west of
Chicago lh those days, so far as my
observation went.
"He was a good deal of a politician,
nnd was suspected of writing some of
the most violent articles that appeared
In the local papers at a time when
Minensota Journalism was not noted
for its close regard for the amenities
of life. There had been a deal of scan
dal about a member of the state legis
lature from Minneapolis call him Da
visfor some time before the fight that
I speak of, and Atwood had been
among Davis' most violent critics.
'This particular night there was quite
a crowd In Bill Galloway's gambling
house on the east side of Minneapolis,
near the old Fort Snelllng road. At
wood was playing poker with four oth
er men. Two were lumbermen, friends
of Atwood's, and the fifth was a St.
Paul man, a stranger to me. It was. the
first game I had ever seen played with
$10 gold pieces for chips. Of course for
the heavy betting they used paper
money, for as the ante was one chip
and it took two to come In there t were
not enough chips to bet with when the
big hands came. Limit games were
not much In vogue at Galloway's place
at any time, but table stakes usually
meant a few hundred dollars on the
outside, and this was the largest I
had ever seen up to that time, for each
player had a good-sized wad, and there
must have been 12,000 or $15,000 In
sight at least.
"Nothing special occurred for over
an hour, when there came a Jack pot
which was opened for $100 and some
what to my surprise all the players
came In. It was a Jack for five chips,
In the first place, and had been sweet
ened once, so there was JS00 In the
center before the draw. The second
surprise came when each man drew
two cards, excepting Atwood, who stood
pat. They were holding their cards
close, so none of us around the party
knew what any player held, but It ap
peared later that Atwood had four
Jacks. They weren't playing straight
flushes, so his hand was almost a sure
one.
"The opener put another hundred on
the strength of his three of a kind. The
next one raised it a hundred. The third
did the same thing and so did the
fourth. He was the St. Paul man, and
he had caught a fourth seven spot,
while the others had not bettered. At
wood made it a thousand to play. One.
two and three dropped out. Three of
a kind was no kmd of a hand for that
struggle, and that is what each of them
had. The St. Paul man was delighted,
though he tried hard, to conceal It, and
he cams back at Atwood with another
dier or sailor was caught stealing from
his comrades he was severely pun
Ished, more so than he would hav
been had ho not been In the army.
A novel way of punishing a coward
was to march him through the camp
with a placard bearing the word "Cow
ard" fastened about his neck. The offl.
cer in charge of a military prison
adopted a peculiar way of punishing a
man who tried to escape. The fellow
found a ladder and one night placed It
against the wall of the prison, Intend
ing to climb over and get away. Ha
was caught, and tho commander or
dered that for five hours he should
climb up the ladder and down again.
The soldier laughed at the punishment,
but pretty soon his back began to
grow lame, and at the end of the Ave
hours he hnd to be taken to the hos
pital. if any of the boya who read this ar
ticle care to visit Governor's Island or
any military station, he will seo a
number of men digging about tha
grounds, wheeling dirt and stones, and
doing the work of a laboring man.
These soldiers are dressed In brown
canvas suits, and each has a largo
number fastened upon his back; soma
among the number may be wearing1 a,
chain about one ankle and a small
cannon ball will be fastened to ono
ond of the chain. These soldiers are
being punished for fighting with their
comrades, disobeying orders, or for
leaving the post without permission or
overstaying their leave of absence.
On shipboard sailors may be seen
seated In the rigging, doing extra duty
about the decks, or locked up In a
small cabin In the hold of the vessel;
such have disobeyed some rule set
down by the regulations of the navy.
Another mode of punishment Is to
make the culprit march up and down
for several hours (usually six or eight)
with a knapsack fastened to his shoul
ders and a gun in his hand; this meth
od of punishment is more common la
the English army than In America.
In Austria a soldier Is sometimes
punished by being put in Irons for six
hours, or by being tied In an upright
posture In a dark cell for two hours;
In the United States such punishments
are seldom used, the latter never. Tho
soldiers In China probably havo the
hardest time of It In the way of pun
ishment; nearly everything Is punished
by cutting off the culprit's head. K
he runs 'away during a battle, acts as
though he was afraid, whispers to ths
man next to him, tells big stories ox
how brave he is, allows his superior
officer to be killed, doesn't advance
when the drum beats or doesn't retreat
when the gong Is sounded, off goes his
head as soon as the officers can get
time to see to It.
In both the American and English
service, probably the worst punishment
next to being sentenced to death, is
dishonorable discharge, when the cul
prit loses not only his profession, but ia
disgraced In the eyes of his friends
and acquaintances.
The sentences of confinement In mil
itary prisons vary from a few days to
a year, or even more. To make mat
ters worse the prisoner is deprived of
his pay during confinement, and may
be discharged when he has served his
term of .imprisonment.
thousand. He was ahead of the game,
having about $6,000 In front of him
at the beginning of the deal, while
Atwood had only about half that. That
left htm enough to raise St, Paul once
more, and he did It promptly.
" 'I suppose I'll have to call you,'
said the latter, 'seeing It's table stakes,
but I'm sorry you haven't more money
with you.'
" 'I have three thousand In the bank,'
said Atwood. 'If you care to take my
check I'll stand another raise.'
"Checks were not In great favor at
Galloway's and the 8t. Paul man hesi
tated naturally enough, but one of At
wood's clients spoke up. 'I'll cash youi
check for you. Jack,' he said, and Just
then the shot came.
"The entrance to the room was mid
way between the faro and the poker
tables, and Atwood sat with his baolc
toward It Davis had entered the room
noiselessly and hud lircd as soon as ho
saw Atwood Shooting from behind
will ruin a man In any community, and
I don't suppose Davis would have done,
it If he hadn't been half drunk and
half mad with rage as well He prob
ably wouldn't have missed his shot,
though. If he hadn't been drinking. I
was watching Atwood closely and did
n't see Davis enter. As It was I saw
the left end of Atwood's mustache dis
appear at the Instant the shot rang
out, and a red streak show on his
cheek, but he didn't turn his head. He
reached clown aa quick as a ferret and
drew a knife from somewhere below
the line of the table top, laying his
cards face down on the table with his
left hand at the same Instant.
" 'The game stands as It is.' he said,
without a quaver In his voice as he
drove the knife through the cards and
the baize cover, deep Into the wood,
with a vicious stab. Then Just as
quickly he reached for his hip pocket
and stood facing around with a revol
ver In his hand leveled at Davis.
"Two other shots rang out aa he
rose. They were fired by Atwood's
friends, but fortunately they did not hit
anybody. Another man had seized
Davis' gun as he was trying to shoot
again, and there was a scuffle going on
in a moment, with three or four men
on a side, all of whom, however, were
trying to force Davis out of tho room.
Atwood held his Are, seeing that there
was a group of men in front of him,
and stood still as he saw the struggle
going on. When he saw that Davis
was being pushed out at the door ha
smiled, but didn't say a word. Per
haps I ought to say he grinned. Smile
Is too pretty a word for his face,
"When his enemy was outside and
the door was closed, he put his pistol
back In his pocket and felt of his
cheek carefully. It was bleeding very
slightly, but he wiped It off with his
handkerchief and turning back to the
table said as coolly as ever, 'AH right.
Jim. Give me the money and I'll writs
you the check In a moment,'
"He was the least excited man In
the room. The St, Paul player looked
at him steadily as Atwood's friend
was counting out the bills, and then
exclaimed with an oath. 'I don't believe
I care about raising you again. It's a
call.'
"The hands were shown, and, of
course, Atwood took the pot."
The late Bill Nye was fond of telling
this story of his smaller daughter: "At
a diner table one day there was a.
party of guests for whom Mr. Nye was
doing his best In the way of enter
tainment. A lady turned to the little
"Your father Is a very funny man
said she.
"Yes," responded the child, "wh
we have company."
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