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DEATH OF PRIVATE BRI6BS
NEBRASKA SOLDIER DROWNED
WHILE BATHING.
Private John C. Manor Reports the
Sad Funeralnnd EloquentOratlon
byChnplalnTateat Chlckamauga
-A Sad Event.
Camp George II. Thomas, On., June
The llrsl funeral In the regiment
enued the tears to come to the eyes
ot the brnve boys n8 the tiuln of
thoughts It suggested Unshed through
their minds. It win ovei the teuiuins
of Private Ernest G. Brlgge, who was
drowned while bathing In Chlckamuugn
creek. The funetnl servlcta were ion
ducted by Chaplain Tnte of the regi
ment. The body was placed In a casu
ket nnd carried beneath the tiees of
the avenue fronting the headquarters.
Tho band played n funeral dirge, after
which the chaplain offered prayer. Tho
day was very hot and oppivsilVo und
Chaplain Tnte tnndo the services shoit.
Colonel Hills and staff headed the pro
cession, followed by the ufllceis of the
regiment. Then enme the pnll boarera
and the wagon containing the body and
the battalion of which company H be
longs followed ns mourners nnd march,
ed to the edge of the ennip nnd then
returned to quarters. The chaplain nnd
a military escort of 15 men uccompa.
tiled the remains to the national ceme
tery at Chlckamauga. Too much can.
not be said of Chaplain Tate, as he rode
fifteen miles In order to give Christian
burial to our dend comrade, and by his
mnny nets of kindness he hns won the
hearts of the boys of the Second Ne
brnskn. At the national cemetery h
ppoke very eloquently.
Among other things, he said that In
this sacred ground we tenderly deposit
his body, where he will peacefully sleep
beside the 12,958 men who died In camp
and Held from 1861 to 1805. ThlB very
ground wbb red with the blood of oui
noblest sons in the awful struggle for
jthe preservation of the union. What
stirring thoughts come trooping to tho
poul as we think of the days gone by.
Days of weeping and parting, days of
camp nnd battlefield, days of hunger
and suffering, days of pain and death,
days of roll call when many did not
answer, days of home coming with
chattered health and mutilated bodies,
days Of weeping and mourning In thou
sands of homes. Millions of mone.
and streams of blood were spent in
'those darg days. Our national sky was
overcast with dark and ominous clouds.
Then men who lived and fought for our
flag could not see the coming of tho
glory of the Lord, nor the glorious frui
tion of the battles they were lighting.
They were In the valley. Beyond the
distant hills great opportunities were
awaiting their children.
Today our hearts are sad at the loss
of oru comrade, but through our blind
ing tears wc see the glorious heritage
sur fathers bequeathed morethan thir
ty years. This very ground trembled
jbencath the trend of contending armies
and two (lags Moated In the sky. Look
Vip my boys, look up. search where you
will, only one flap can be Been. The
same states are represented here aa
today as were here thlrty-flvc years ngo
but there Is only one flag, one camp,
one army, one president and one na
tion. Oh, that thosn dead could rise
from their graves and see the fulfill
ment of their fondest hopes, the real
.lzatlon of that for which they gave
their lives. Thank God they did not
die In vain. Again our country Is at
war, but thank God not at war with
Itself. Today our country Is lighting
(or humanity.
The danger and privations Incident to
war are apt to discourage us. When
our hearts nre full of aching for a sight
pf the dear faces of our loved ones, and
we long for home and fireside, let us
Uraw our Inspiration from the fact that
we are engaged In tho first war fr hu
manity known to history. It Is an honor
to be a soldier In this war. Let our
hands be strong, our eyes clear, our arm
true, for a we conquer tho foe so we
exalt mankind. We shall suffer and
perhaps die, but when this war Is over
a new song will be sung, a new princi
ple established and a new era entered
upon. Henceforth nations will not tight
,for conquest or glory. Only man and
his wrong will be ground for war. To
toe participants In such a struggle and
'heirs tcf such an heritage is glory
enough for nny life. Humanity's great
est possessions have come from its
greatest struggles and sufferings. The
wny to heaven Is through Calvury and
Gethsemane. The steps to a Pullman
rar lead by the poverty stricken home
of a Wntts. The amelioration of Aime
nla and the freedom of Cuba nre by way
of battlelleld and death. Childhood lb
life looking forwnrd, old age Is life look
ing backward. The woes of life nre the
chisel strokes which hew out the beau
teous vision. From the Inndlng of thu
Pilgrims to Independence was by way
of Concord, Valley Forge nnd Bunker
Hill. Preservation of the union wns by
-way of Shlloh. Vlcksburg. Missionary
nidge, Chlckamauga, Lookout Mountain
und Appomatox. So the establishment
of human rights In all the earth may
lend us by wny of Key West nnd Cuba.
Already we have passed Manila hnrbor
nnd are knocking at the gates of the
Philippines. God grant the day when
we s-hall all be mustered out nnrt leave
every man In all the world In full pos
session or the right to life, liberty and
the pursuit of happiness "
The national cemetery at Chnttanooga
is perhaps the most beautiful In the
United States. The services were at
tended b a large number of people
from the city and other parts of the
state. The Nebraska boys are all well
and In good spirit, but regret very
nuch the accident which cnuxed t he
death of our comrade. Colonel Bills
felt very badly about It, and during the
exercises he was seen wiping the tar
from his eyes, No one knows how long
we will be here, but all the Indications
seem to be that we will see the better
part of June In this camp. J. G. M.
Tied fast to the railroad track, un
able to move hand or foot, the poor
wretch could hear In the distance the
fumble of the approaching train1 Near
?i and nearer It came to where he lay
louder and louder grew the roar of
Its swift oncoming the earth shook
with Its mighty rush' He struggled
and strained at his bonds, but wns
powerless to move them, while horrid
t(-r clave his tongue to the roof of his
mouth when he would have screamed
fur help! Nearer nearer louder loud-jj-r'
Hn! There there the fenrful rum
bling fills his ears and Hoods his brain!
It Is on him' Merciful heavens1 Will
With an agonized start the sleeping
tramp nwoke and fell to kicking his
mate
"Give me nightmares with yer snorin'.
will yer!" he savagely snarled. "Take
aat! An' dat!"
To whomsoever the soil at any time
belongs, to him belong the fruits of It.
White parasols and elephants mnd with
pride are the flowers of a grant of land.
East Indian Proverb.
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BIRDS
Omaha, June 15. The exposition, representing In Its eeml-olllclal character
tho Trans-MlsslsslppI country, haa, during its opening weeks, Impressed the
thousands nnd thousands of people who have visited It from every state In the
union to their full satisfaction.
It In not so big, but It Is more beautiful than the World'B Fair. And even
Chlcagoans concede that many of its exhibits are marked Improvements over
like exhibits at the Columbian Exposition. The Trans-MlsslssIppi outBlcen
and outclasses the Nashville, Atlanta and San Francisco expositions In every
respect.
The above picture lacks a great deal of doing the subject matter Justice.
Usually pictures of plnces nnd things are misleading, but the trouble Is that
this one docs not lend far enough, nnd at night when the main court Is illum
inated by a little over 17,000 electric lights Its fairylike beauty la Indescriba
ble. The exhibits are not all placed yet, but an army of thousands of artisans
and decorators are at work completing them, and In about two weeks every
thing will be in tip top shape.
The solid, substantial people throughout the west will fully realize as soon
as they have spent an hour or so on the grounds how marvelous are our peo
ple and their country, and the wonderful amount of useful knowledge to be
Brained by a careful study of these acres and acres of exhibits. It Is nonsense
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UNCLE SAM'S BIG bXHIBIT.
Leaving or entering the government
building at the south entrance visi
tors Invariably stop to Inspect a fea
ture absolutely new In the exhibit of
tho agricultural department. This U
the microscopical examination of pork
for trichina. It Is not a pantomime,
and the four women who sit nt the
long tublo nre not hnndllng the little
tin boxes of rnw meat and looking
down the bright, brazen nnd curious
tubes Just for fun. They have simply
for a few months stopped doing their
work at the South Omaha packing
houses and are doing It In the govern,
ment building. It Is bona fide work,
nnd reports all furned In on It every
day Just as If they were at their usual
quarters In South Omaha. MIhs Brere
ton Is In charge. She Is assisted by
Mr. Kllbourne, Miss Wilson nnd Miss
Sayre. They get the boxes from the
packing houses every day, each tagged
to Identify the sample with the car
enss from which It comes, nnd the way
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- EYE VIEW OF THE TRANS-MISSISSIPPI EXPOSITION.
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NEBRASKA
the sample Is prepared for Inspection
unaer the glass can be enslly followed
by the spectator.
In a glass case at one side may be
observed models showing Just exactly
what the little varmints nre like which
are being scouted for through the
microscope. These models show the
daogeroua little animal magnified to
Hcfe proportions as to appear truly
form! Sable; and a visitor, as he views
them, could be pardoned If he became
filled with much regret that he had
eaten pork that same day.
Tho whole exhibit of the bureau of
animal Industry has great Interest, but
it must be confessed that It Is more
curious than plenslng, for there Is so
much of It that carries uncanny sug
gestions For Instance there nre models
nnd specimens In nlcohol representing
some of the Infectious disenses In the
domesticated nnlmnls, models of dis
eased horses' hoofs, cultures of bnc
terla. animal parasites nnd the like.
In the section of chemistry is nlso
something which In Its completeness at
least Ik a new thing nnd one which It
was naturally thought would have
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to classify such an exposition as simply a fleeting pleasure, a luxury, a place
for Idle mlndB and Idle hands. Nebraska proudly stands at the very head of
the educational column of the nation, and to have the advantages of Buch a
wonderful, practical schooling within Its borders is a blessing whloh makes
public and private errors and misdoings connected with its management sink
Into insignificance.
Even the Midway, where there Is a little mixture of everything, a place
where It takes an awful level-headed person to tell where the good leaves
off and the bad begins, has Its lasting and useful information to Impart, and
which Is to be gained from no published book.
The purpose of this notice Is not to boost anything or anybody, In fact It la
written by a country newspaper man who feels chagrined because he was not
provided with even the usual courtesy of an admission ticket to the grounds.
If this was Intended as a character sketch of a part of the personnel of the
"management," Its general tenor would doubtless be somewhat less flatter
ing. But it is not. Beside the exposition which Is the product of the brains
of thousands of men and women, those individuals who are enjoying ft little
brief authority are mere pigmies. However, after all, there Is much good
which can be Fnld nbout them, and as the big show progresses from week to
week and lengthens out Into months, the various features of the exposition
and the actions of those men who assume to shape Its destiny will bo discussed.
BUILDING.
special Interest for westerners, for It
Is an Illustration of the beet sugar
industry. Here nre shown beet pro
ducts and models of typical beets with
the appliances used In sugar analysis
and nppaiatus for examining beets for
seed collection. On n map Is shown
the beet sugar belt and photogrnphs
show the prominent beet sugar fac
tories of the country.
The fiber exhibit Is n collection of the
more prominent examples of the com
mercial flax and hemp of the world. In
connection with the exhibit Is alo
shown a series of (lax samples. Illus
trating the experiments of the ofllce of
fiber Investigation in the cultivation
of llnx In the United States The collec
tion Is nrranged In twenty-two panels
under plate glass In such a way as to
show the fiber at full length. In some
cases the series shows the whole story
from the raw product as grown on the
farm and unprepared to the manufne.
tured product. Specimens are shown
grown In the United States from lots of
flax valued at S500 per ton.
These samples and a collection In an-
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other place that will be mentioned rep
resent the favorite field study of
Charles Richards Dodge, who, In the
absence of Colonel Brlgham, is In gen
eral charge of the agricultural exhibit.
It Is not strange therefore to find that
Mr. Dodge has his desk room In this
corner of the building, so that tho fiber
panels surround It on three sides. He
has been engaged In fiber investigation
for thirty years. He became connected
with the department of agriculture first
In 18G7 as assistant entomologist and
assistant curator of the museum. It
was then that he became interested In
fibers, and he has made from that time
to this a practical study of fiber culti
vation and Incidentally of fiber manu
facture. There are 24,000 Gaellc-speaklng High
landers in the city of Glasgow.
The strength of two horses equals
that of fifteen men.
Twenty-four members of the house
of commons are total abstainers.
WOUNDS PROM MODERN QUN8
The most assiduous care hnvlng been
bestowed Upon the selection of men
for a campaign and the most minute
precautions taken for removing all risk
of epidemics, it Is necessary to examine
the nature of wounds produced by
weapons of war and to arrange the
measures necessary for minimizing
their effect.
In the science of war weapons are
divided Into two categories, offensive
nnd defensive. Defensive wenpons con
sist of pieces of metal protecting the
body. Offensive weapons ure cold steel
and firearms.
The arms of defense are the helmet
and cuirass. The lntter does not afford
protection ngalnst modern firearms.
Still less must It be supposed that there
can be any safety afforded by a certain
cloth recommended by a German tailor,
of which so much was bald five or six
years ago.
Cold steel, ns used In war, Is repre
sented by the saber, bayonet, lance
nnd sword. These weapons are used
for thrusting, and the saber Is also
used to cut.
Firenrms nre divided Into pirtable
nnJ non-portnble kinds.
Within the last twenty-five yenm
portnble firearms have been completely
tiansformed. At present guns of small
caliber, furnished with a repenting
mechanism, have been adopted by all
the powers. Spain began In 189! to sub.
ctitute for Its 1871 model of the item
Ington type of eleven millimeters a
Mauser rifle, 1803 model, weighing 4.070
kilogrammes nnd having a length of
1.234 meters, with a caliber of seven
millimeters. The projectile Is a bullet
weighing 11.2 giammes, fired by means
of smokeless powder, with an initial
velocity of 097 motets per second.
The rifles of small caliber with which
all countries nre provided are Incon
testlbly superior to those hitherto used.
They enn inflict serious havoc upon
massed bodies nt a distance of 1,500
meters.
Artillery, which, It must not be foi
gotten, plays a most Important part,
now employs in the field three kinds
of projectiles shrapnel shell, cylindri
cal case shot and segment shell.
The shrapn-1 shell, furnished with a
double fuse, by which It can be ex
ploded In the air or on hitting a mark,
Is the typical field projectile. Its de
structive principle is composed of bul
lets of hardened lead and Irregular
fragments caused by Its explosion. All
European armies have adopted this
shell for field artillery, which mostly
works against infantry and seeks to
attain its ends by the aid of time fuses,
exploding the shell In the air. The
weight of the bullet varies, according
to the country, from ten to fifteen
grammes. The fragments of casing
generally weigh twice as much.
Cylindrical case shot consist of a cyl
indrical envelope containing bullets of
hnrdered lead, either free or cemented
by various methods clay, plaster, saw
dust, rosin or molten sulphur. This
projectile Is used at close quarters, at
ranges not less than six hundred met.
ers.
In seeking to Increase the destructive
power of their arms, artillerymen have,
been successfully led, first to assure
the segmentation of shell in such a
way as to multiply the products ot
explosion, nnd then to make projpctlles
whose splintering and bullets have di
mensions that are determined and InJ
variable.
The segment shell or obus torpllle,
gives a minimum of 400 fragments and
also a quantity of metallic dust that
.has been pulverized by the ezploslve
gases. TIiIb projectile Is loaded with
various explosives. When the projectile
Is of steel the splinters are longer than
those of cast Iron. All the fragments,
great and smalla nd there are some
very large ones are bevelled. They
act like a lot of two edged knives pro
jected with utmost violence. All, even
such as weigh only 50 centlgrnmmes,
can Inflict deep wounds.cuttlng through
the limbs, fracturing bones and carry
ing with them portions of clothing.
These fragments no longer have, as
In the case of old fashioned projectiles,
a velocity but slightly superior to that
of the shell itself at the moment of
bursting. They exert their action over
a radius of 1,200 meters, Instead ot
being hurled only 300 meters, which
gives an Idea of their velocity. Lastly,
they arc so hot that It Is Impossible
to hold them In the hand Just aftei
the explosion.
When the 7-mm. bullet encounters a
bone the Injury varies according to
the distance at which It was flred and
the part affected. At close range, that
Is, less than four hundred meters, the
effect Is of an explosive kind, far reach
ing In character. The bone is fractured,
again and again, and the lesions are.
about ns serious as thpse caused by ar
11-mm. ball. At the extremities of the
bones, where they widen out for the1
Joints, a 7-mm. bullet generally causea
mere perforation.
At long range, exceeding 500 meters
that is to say. under the ordinary con
ditions of firing, the 7-mm. projectile
usually makes clean perforations nt the
oseeous extremities of a diameter, but
slightly larger than Itself Articular1
lenlons are consequently less serious.
Bones struck In the medial region
are less splintered than with the old
bullets. In short, the greater the range
at which the shot Is fired, the less
serious Is the frncture. Perforations of
the cranium are clear cut. as If they
hnd been punched out. and the explo
sive effect dlstnnces Is not met with.
When the 7-mm. projectile traverses
clothing it does not. like the 11-mm.
bullet, so often carry with It more or
less rounder portions of tissue Into the
wound, but frngments of wool or linen
are always found In Its passage through
the flesh. The presence of these debrlt,
however slight. Is the chief cause of in
fection of wounds from firearms The
bullet itself has been rendered aseptic
by the high temperature which follows
upon Its explosive discharge, but these
filaments are charged with germs,
which they deposit In the wound. Sup
puration must therefore be reckoned
with In wounds of this character.
The adoption of small caliber fire,
arms has on the whole resulted In
diminishing the gravity of the wounds
Inflicted by them and opening up a
wider field for surgery But the condi
tions of surglcnl Interference have not
much altered. It Is still the first care
of the surgeon to extract the projectile,
for although rifle bulletin are not nn
liable ns formerly to remain In the tis
sues, the Fame does not npply to case
shot, which has a much smaller power
of penetration.
And as there Is reason to expect nn
Increase of at least 20 to 25 per cent
over the losses In the last great wars,
too much nttentlon cannot be bestowed
upon the organization nnd equipment of
the army medical contingents.
"I have fallen hopelessly in love with'
her," sighed the strong man of tho
museum.
' "No wonder," responded the Jealous
woman with the Iron Jaw and In wltlu
erlng tones, "I always asserted that shcl
Is the only genuine snake charmer I
ever 6aw,' Syracsue Post.
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