National Advertising Representative N ewspaper Representatives, inc New York • Chicago • Detroit • Philadelphia A WEEKLY NEWSPAPER Published Every Thursday, Dated Friday Branch office for local news only, 2420 Grant St, Omaha 11, Nebr. Second-class mail privileges authorized at Omaha, Nebraska. C. C. GALLOWAYPublisher snd Managing Edit** (MEMBER) CALVIN NEWS SERVICE GLOBAL NEWS SERVICE \ ATLAS NEWS SERVICE STANDARD NEWS SERVICE This paper reserwes the right to publish all matter credited •o these news services. SUBSCRIPTION RATES Pm Meath-----« M Three Months _1-06 Six Months _2.06 One Year _4.00 OUT OF TOWN SUBSCRIPTION RATES One Month---$ .60 Three Months _160 Bix Months _ 260 One Year_4.60 ADVERTISING RATES MADE KNOWN ON REQUEST Why Towns Like Yours Will Win The Election By Bart McDowell The big cities are howling these days that you voters out in the towns and on the farms pack altogether too much political punch. They claim that come November your single ballot may be worth 10 votes cast in metropolitan centers for a U. S. Congressman—or even hundreds cast for a state legislator. They charge it’s unfair, even a swindle, and they demand reapportionment. Almost every where today the big city voter is out to whittle your political power. Well, just how much political punch do you pack? TOWN JOURNAL finis it’s decisive. With the help of Sales Management, Inc., a national research group, we’ve just measured your power in all 435 Congressional districts of the 48 states. We wanted to know how many people live in and around communities of 25,000 population or less—using the best 1956 estimates. Working from the Census and Sales Management data, TOWN JOURNAL is the first to bring you these facts. The figures proved this: Ion people in the Countryside towns and on farms hold a clear voting majority in 42 states. Only in six states—California, Connecticut, Illinois, Massachu setts, New York and Rhode Island—do big city voters dominate elections. This means that, through their sheer weight of numbers, towns of under 25,000 and rural areas roundabout control 84 of the 96 seats in the Senate at Washington. That’s 87%. The same voters dominate 275 of the 435 Congressional districts —63% of the U.S. House of Representatives. And that’s only part of your Congressional weight. Nearly all of the powerful chairmen of the committees on Cap itol Hill hail from the town and farm area. You influence the men with the most influence. Why? These chairmen get their posts through seniority—and Countryside voters seem inclined to re-elect over and over. You elected 18 of the 19 Senate committee chairmen and 15 of the 20 House committee chairmen. Nor is this all your political punch. You can claim 67% of fill state lawmakers this year. TOWN JOURNAL’S survey shows that of 7,506 state legislators, 5,363 come from places of 25,000 population or less. In 36 states these men have a clear majority of both houses. They also control Nebraska’s one-house legislature, and split in seven other states. That leaves only three states (New York, Illinois and Massachusetts* where big-city voters control both houses. No wonder the big city folks are after your scalps. If you live in Nevada with a population of only 233,000, you can vote for two Senators, as do the people of New York who number 15,969,000. The Constitution gave you this right to help heep the Federal Union in balance. And if you live in the cotton country around Bryan, Texas, for example,your vote for a Congressman is worth more than four ballots cast in booming Houston (which has grown 25% in the last six years). This matter of determining the make-up of the House of Repre sentatives is up to the state leh'statures. After each 10-year Census, Congress adjusts the number of e„ch state’s Representatives and the legislatures draw the new boundaries. Trouble is, say the critics, they often gyp big-city people when they do so. Here the critics try to show that even the legislatures are “rig ged.” Actually, most state legislatures are modeled after Congress— one house based on population and the other on regional units like counties or towns. A large city that is “underrepresented” in the state senate may run the house or assembly. But such facts don’t keep critics from pointing to lonesome Inyo County, Calif., where a single vote for state senator is worth 296 votes in Los Angeles Co. Then they cite parts of the Connecticut countryside, where one vote for a representative in the State House may be worth 682 big-city ballots. Those are isolated and extreme cases. But this kind of criticism is getting results. All over America new boundary lines are bting drawn for state legislative districts. In Alabama, Colorado, and Washington citizens are voting on such proposals. Hot court cases this year have tested reapportionment laws in Utah, Florida and Illinois. The Governors of New Jersey, New York and Rhode Island are all calling for reap portionment in their legislatures. In the last session of Congress, four bills were introduced to set up a Department of Urban Affairs with a Secretary of Cabinet rank. Just as the USDA works with farmers, the new Department of “Ur biculture” would watch out for “America’s great and neglected cities.” Another bill would require Federal courts to order reapor tionment of House districts. What is the truth about the fairness or unfairness Of political power? Just this: Today some 92 million Americans live in communities of less than 25,000 population. That’s 55% of all Americans. Obviously it’s fair for these people to have a working majority1 in our lawmaking system. The question is whether 55% of our people should control more than 55% of our lawmaking machinery. Let’s look more closely at the House of Representatives. In the six years since the last census, the population has increased by 15 million and moved around, too. Obviously, then, some districts are unfairly represented . . . and legislators in some states have delayed reapportionment to hang on to their own jobs. But handing a few more Congressional seats to the biggest cities probably won’t cut the Countryside’s political power much. For even after the fairest reapportiomtnt, hundreds of middle-sized cities will still be “islands” in the middle of Countryside districts—outnumbered by town and farm areas. Spokane,Wash., for example, has 185,000 citizens—but 204,800 people live on farms and in smaller communities of that Congression-1 al district. The boundary lines are fair; the total population almost ideal. Yet Spokane residents are outnumbered and can be outvoted. So are the people in Mobile, Ala., Savannah, Ga.; Phoenix, Ariz; Sacramento, Calif.; Kansas City, Kan. In all, some 49 cities with more than 109,000 population and 312 other cities over 25,000 are swallowed up by the smaller communities and farm areas around them. These people, islanders so to speak in the Countryside Ocean, represent 12% of our U.S. population. Even now, the average Congressional district dominated by small er communities is not far out of line with the average in metropoli tan hunters. Experts say a mathematically ideal district would have about 381,000 population, and today the 275 Countryside districts average just 12% short of this ideal. Is 12% difference an unfair edge? Well, the reapportionment committee of the American Political Science Association says that a 15% deviation from the national av erage is both reasonable and necessary for flexibility. Assuming, then, that voters in towns like yours will win the elec tion (if they vote), just what kind of citizens are they? They’re more interested than big-city people. Some opinion poll sters say they get 30% greater returns from towns and farms than from big cities. But that’s only one indication. Compare Countryside voters with those in Detroit. In a recent election, one polling place got the wrong ballots—candidates were those for another ward—but not one of 203 voters noticed the differ ence! Judges found the mistake when they counted the ballots. Could that happen in your town? Well, cities are up against this apathy all the time. Says Dr. Arch Dotson of Cornell: “Urbanite and suburbanite are likely to have a sense of futility and frustration about political participation" They get lost in the big population turnover. Then there’s the problem of foreign immigrants (2 V4 million since World War II) who aren’t yet prepared to vote or take part in government. What else differentiates the Countryside voter? He’s more con servative—even when it hurts. Congresswoman Cecil M. Harden of Indiana mailed 15,000 ques tionnaires to people in her district. “Did they favor President Eisen hower’s policy of debt retirement—or did they want a tax cut now?” People in Terre Haute (pop. 65,000) endorsed the President’s policy by a firm 4% to one. But voters in the smaller towns went further: They opposed a tax cut for themselves by a solid 8 to one. Conser vatives aren’t the same as pocketbook voters. These differences have a national signficance. People in the small U.S. communities don’t vote as a bloc on any issue. But shad ings of opinion make themselves felt. It’s natural for them to look at economic issues differently from big city people. They are more likely to be homeowners than renters, self-employed than; employees. Maybe they are less conditioned to Government controls. The law maker who represents a'Countryside majority listens a little more carefully to them than to city pressure groups. The Countryside has a strong restraining influence within both political parties. Ex cept for hot partisan issues, Countryside members of Congress usual ly take the side of caution. ‘ What about the relative honesty of town and city voters? Well, Countryside people probably are no more honest than anyone else, _ but they can’t get away with as much. | Just before the last election in Albany, N.Y. (pop. 140,000),! local bankers suddenly ran out of $5 bills. Now a sizzling report, from the State Attorney General tells why: “Wholesale buying of votes ... a staggering array of-frauds.” The report notes that “at j least $80,000 in $5 bills” was paid to one party’s local officials just before the election. Would the Main Street grapevine permit party machine graft like this in your towns! A big-city politician, Senator Richard L. Neuberger, of Portland,‘ Ore., sums it up: “A city politician can be known as a grafter and still survive. In the Countryside, a legislator must be honest. He can get away with being too liberal or too reactionary, but mutter* ings of corruption are more than he can weather.” Those are the facts of political power out in the country: The towns and farms hold the edge in 42 states; 55% of all Americans live in communities of 25,000 or less. Next time one of your neighbors asks, “ What’s the use of vot ing?” hand him this story! News From Around Nebraska An experiment in heavier corn yields in dry years has been conducted at Ainsworth this year and is meeting with apparent success, according to the Ainsworth Star-Journal. A farmer in that area set aside a field in which he planted the rows of corn 80 inches apart instead of the customary 40 inches. He used a two row planter but placed seed in only one box, he explained. A careful check of the field has revealed that despite the fact that there were only half as many rows, the yield is actually going to be about 10 percent above fields planted in the conven tional manner. The number of stalks per row was increased slightly, it is explained. Ears on the corn from the wide rows average 2Va inches longer, are well formed and firm. Most notice able inqjrovement is the manner in which the corn is drying out. The wide-rowed corn will be ready for picking much quicker than the other and will pick faster because there are fewer rows to be covered. * • • The David City Banner-Press and the Butler County board have teamed up on a $100 reward in an effort to learn information regarding the identity of persons who are destroying road mark ers in the county. Over a long period of time, someone has been stealing reflectors, turning signs backward, defacing signs or re moving them entirely. Butler county authorities recognize the extreme hazard to motorists and are offering the reward in an effort to stop the malicious practice. • * • Madison will hold a pancake day October 10th, the Madison Star announced last week. The affair will be patterned after the type of activitiy Blair has staged for a number of years. • • * There will be a Horse Show at Red Cloud next Sunday, the ; Commercial Advertiser has announced. The Red Cloud Saddle Club and the Red Cloud business men are sponsoring the affair. There will be a street parade and prizes to the saddle clubs com ing from the greatest distance and with the largest numbers. • • • Stamp collectors are swamping the Chadron Postoffice with requests for “First Day” air mail letters sent from that place. Chadron will inaugurate air mail by Western Airlines around Sep tember 29th or 30th when Western starts to use the new hard surfaced runway at the Chadron airport on its Denver to Minne apolis daily flight. Orders have been coming in for months and some collectors have submitted several dozens of envelopes to be mailed and cancelled on the first day of airmail service, the Chadron Record reports. A ft ft A new corn, which as yet has no name, has been developed near Wahoo this year, the Wahoo Newspaper revealed last week. Principal characteristic of the corn is the big ears which it de velops. The newspaper showed pictures of the well-developed ears which averaged 18% inches in length. A hybrid corn grower there has been perfecting the new corn but will not place it on the market until further perfecting is accomplished. • • * A new motel is being built at Oakland, Nebraska, the Oakland Independent announced last week. It will serve traffic on high way No. 77. Six buildings are tc be built of brick and redwood. A former operator of a motel in Tekamah is to be the owner. • • • Schools at Friend, Nebraska have installed televisions which will be used as a part of their instructional program this year. First year algebra is being taught by a combination television correspondence course taught by the University of Nebraska. Each day the students watch the program for twenty minutes. The work is carried on without a teacher in the classroom, al though one student is held responsible for administrative details. The work is an experiment and the Crete News, which reported the new trend in education, did not forecast its success. * * * A Lexington, Nebraska Merchant, who held a grand opening of his store, recently gave away gas-filled balloons. Last week he received a letter, and one of his balloons from a man who lives at Export, Pennsylvania. It turned out that the balloon had apparently traveled the distance of 1100 miles by windcurrents, making the trip in less than a week. No one knows the height at which it traveled or deviations from a direct route which it might have followed as wind courses changed. Pete Patterson Pete Patterson age 87 years, of 5212 So. 25 St., expired Friday morning, September 14, at a local hospital. He was an Omaha resident 14 years. He is survived by his daughter, Mrs. Eva Starnes of Omaha; two nieces, Mrs. Ruth Brown of Oma ha, Mrs. Nadine Wright of Kan sas City, Rons., and other rela tives. ✓ Funeral services were held Monday, September 17, 1956 at 2:00 p.m. from Bethel Baptist Church with Rev. Curtis Brown officiating. Interment was at Graceland Park Cemetery. Pallbearers Messrs T. Brown, G. W. Briggs, E. Wiggins C, Ad ams, C. Young and C. Reed. Myers Brothers Funeral Service. Ervins Go Back To California The Walter P. Ervins, “Gladys ! and Pops” and former Omahans, who now reside in Los Angeles, | California entrained last week j to continue their vacation tour. | They will visit points east inclu ding Detroit, Washington, New York and with Bridgeport, Con necticut as their destination where they will be the guests of | Mr. Ervin’s relatives. From their arrival in Omaha to their departure the social cal i endar was fulfilled. Mrs. Alton B. Goode opened their visit by hold ing open house in their honor on Sunday, August 12 with other events following. Their last week’s visit included many more enjoyable occasions. Mrs. Jessica Wright of 2512 Binney Street chose Thursday morning August 23rd to honor the Ervins and Mrs. Elise Turner who was moving with her family to Los Angeles. The hospitable atmosphere typical of "Jessica ' the appoinlmens of silver and linen highlighted by a profusion of summer flowers made the well prepared, succulent food, the de lightful guests and good whole some conversation more delightful and enjoyable. Those invited to enjoy this affair with the hon orees included Mesdames Jessie Brooks, Clifford, Alton B. Goode, Thomas E. Hayes, Aaron McMil lan, Archie Macy, Wave Macklin, Malcom Scott, Virgil Shobe and Earl Wheeler. The Virgil Shobes chose the following Wednesday evening to entertain for the Ervins with a picnic supper on their lovely picturesque well appointed patio. There again was a picture of comp lete harmony, congenial guests, a menu of delicious well prepared food under the canopy of a full moon and star studded sky. For added enjoyment and entertainment Mrs. Malcom Scott showed pictures of the golden west, it’s scenery, relatives and friends during the joint visit of the Shobes and Scotts to Califor nia plus pictures of friends and events here at home. Those invited were the Ervin’.; brother, Mr. J. D. Ervin, Mr. and Mrs. Alton B. Goode, Mr. and Mrs. William Davis, Mr. and Mrs. Thomas E. Hayes, Mrs. Jessica j Wright, Mr. and Mrs. Guy Wiley, \ Mr. and Mrs. Malcom Scott and Mr. Shirley Yancy. The Shobes as always were genial host and hostess. I Mrs. Addie Seals of 2808 Binney Street In her own traditional way assisted by her sister, Mrs. Allie Willis, Mrs. Amanda Jenkins and Dora Green chose Friday evening preceding Labor Day at 7 p.m. to honor the Ervins and Mr. and Mrs. I. S. McPherson, Mrs. Me-1 I'herson having just returned from the Shrine Convention at: Washington, D. C. with one of those dinner parties so sym bolic of her. A turkey dinner complete with all of the trim-; mings as delectable and tasty was the Bill Affaire’ for the guests to admire and consume. The flowers and appointments accentuated this festive event. The guest list included Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Bly, Mr. and Mrs. Alton B. Goode, Dr. and Mrs. A. L. Hawkins, Mr. and Mrs. Shirley Yancy, Mr. and Mrs. C. N. Wilson and sister Mrs. Outlaw, Mesdamcs Evelyn Beck, Gertrude Lucas, Roberta Bailey, Grace Flanna gan, Edmae Swain, Ludie Thomas. Eloise Taylor and Mr. Russell Reese. The Orla Souths in their usual distinctive and gracious hospital ity chose Sunday morning pre Labor Day to honor the Ervin® with a family style breakfast as always the menu was well chosen and well prepared. This plus the other guests, Mrs. Mattie Taylor and Mr. and Mrs. Robert Nelson made for an enjoyable pre Church occasion. Mrs. Mae Allen and Mattie Tay lor as co-hosteses shose Labor Day for a breakfast at the Fam Dixon's in the downtown area to fete the Ervins. Affable guests, wholesome tasty food and con * structive discussion of events and politics affecting us today made this another memorable occasion. Those invited to share in this breakfast were Mr. J. D. Ervin, Mrs. Alton Goode, Mr. and Mrs. Thomas E. Hayes, Mrs. Nettie Fredricks, Attorney and Mrs. Brody of Washington, D. C. and Dr. and Mrs. A. L. Hawkins. Television Lists Plans For Color 17 SERIES OF TINTED SHOWS SLATED ON REGULAR BASIS, AN INCREASE OF 14 By VAL ADAMS Seventeen different series of regular programs will be televised in color on a full-time basis next season by the National Broadcast ing Company. Only three of these were done previously in color on a regular basis. Robert W. Sarnoff; network president, said that on some nights N.B.C. would present three i consecutive hours of color pro grams. Among the Sunday shows to HIGh0,,broWN fc- . LIGHTENS AND BEAUTIFIES.^* Face powder OVERTON-HYGIENIC MFG. CO. CHICAGO OVERTON-HYGIENIC MFG. CO. 3653 S. 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On Mondays "Robert Mont gomery Presents" moves into the color schedule at 9:30 to 10:30 P.M. “The Adventures of Sir LaunceJot,” a new film series from 8 to 8:30, starts as a black and-white show in the fall, but switches to color in January.’ “Producers Showcase" continues as a ninety-minute color show once a month. The Tuesday evening schedule consists of “The Big Surprise,” 8 to 8:30, and “Noah’s Ark,” a new film series, 8:30 to 9. On Wednesdays the color presents tion will be “Kraft Theatre” from 9 to 10 P.M. The Thursday schedule lists the Dinah Shore show 7:30 to 7.45 P.M., and “Lux Video Theatre,” 10 to 11 P.M. On Fridays from 8:30 to 9 P.M. the Walter Winchell show will be I _ If You Want the low - down, the inside baseball news, you'll want to take advantage of this spe cial offer. 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