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U. S. Court Delays Decried
By Roscoe Drummond
Written Especially for The Christian Science Monitor
Washington
The functioning of the federal courts has been deteriorating for a
number of years. It isn’t the quality of justice which is strained; it is
the courts which are strained by the work load. And the litigant,
who could be any of us, is caught in the middle of excruiating, mount
ing wasteful delays.
These delays are not merely inconvenient. Delays of a year to
four years in getting a case tried in a federal court now are so com
mon that they are a source of postive injustice—unfair to the public,
hurtful to the judiciary, and unnecessary.
The situation is getting worse, not better, and nothing adequate is
being done about it. Year after year after year, almost without in
terruption for the past 15 years, the unfinshed case load of the fed
eral courts has increased, new civil cases almost constantly exceeding
those terminated. There have been a few spotty improvements, but
in most districts the problem is critical bordering on the desperate.
The immediate reason why this condition continues is that Con
gress does not provide the judicial manpower to cope with the increas
ing volume of litigation. Our society is more complex, our federal
laws are more numerous and complex. The need for efficient justice
is constantly greater. Today Congress appropriates for the running
of the whole judicial system about what it costs to build a light
cruiser.
* * * *
But what iies behind this congressional negleU of the courts?
Why isn’t Congress more responsive to the needs of the judiciary? It
certainly isn’t from lack of recommendations from the judicial con
ference or from the Department of Justice.
It isn't congressional perverseness, I am sure. Congress is itself,
often harried, sometimes overworked—and never feels the hot breath
of public criticism when it puts off aagin and again dealing with the
courts.
What is lacking is an informed and aroused public opinion which
Congress could not safely turn aside. There is one »imp’,e, important,
■■u eitmnaoie step which could be taken to* help create « public
opinion. That would be to turn the spotlight of national attention an
nually upon the accomplishments and operating difficulties of the
judicial branch of the government by having the Chief Justice of the
United States address a joint session of Congress on the needs of the
judiciary.
This proposal has had an able and persistent advocate during the !
past year in Assistant Attorney General William P. Rogers. It has i
been endorsed by the American Bar Association and has the unani
mous approval of the judicial conference. Judge Parker of the Fourth
Circuit has put it this way:
“Congress must provide the funds and pass the laws necessary for
the proper administration of justice. It is important that it be advised
correctly as to what funds and what laws are necessary for that pur
pose; and there can be no better way for this to be done than for
the Chief Justice, who as chairman of the Judicial Conference of the
United States knows better than anyone else the needs of the judiciary,
to lay these before Congress in joint session. In this way, not only
would all members of Congress be fully advised of the needs, but the
public presentation by the Chief Justice would attract the attention
of the citizenship at large to the work that the judiciary is doing and
the importance of giving it adequate support.”
Public and professional reaction to this proposal has been almost
entirely favorable. But three objections have been raised, and they
should be looked at.
It has been suggested that the appearance of the Chief Justice be
fore Congress might tend to impair the independence and impartiali
ty of the judiciary. The Chief Justice is the head of the judiciary
conference and as such is required by law to submit an annual report
to Congress. For him to do it in person would simply enable him to
discharge his duty more effectively and enhance both congressional
and public awareness of the requirements of the courts.
It has been suggested that the Chief Justice might not year after
year have sufficiently important developments to report to justify an
address before a joint session. I think that most congressmen and
most citizens would value hearing the Chief Justice once a year. But
if the arguement had validity, one solution would be to make the invi
tation permissive, not mandatory.
It has been suggested that since no Chief Justice has ever address
ed Congress, it should not be started. The answer to that is that if
tradition does not serve its purpose, it should be broken, not preserved.
"We cannot,” says Assistant Attorney General Rogers, “permit the
legitimate needs of the judiciray to go unattended because they are
presented in such form and manner that they miss the mark.”
* * • •
One can understand how Congress, preoccupied writh many press
ing things, is fairly causual about how it responds to the appeals of
the judges. But Congress would not be casual about responding to
the appeals of an informed public opinion to bring justice up to date.
A personal report from the Chief Justice—who would have to be in
vited by Congress—would put the needs of the courts on the front
pages, where it is obvious they will have to be if anything adequate
is to be done to bring justice up to date.
Doctor Who Never
Practiced, Dies
At 102
Washington, D. C. (CNS) Dr.
James Eduard Simpson, who had
a degree from Louisville Medical
College though he uever practiced
medicine, died at his Washington
home this week at the age of 102.
Born in 1854 in Brownsville, Pa.,
Ui» Negro doctor's father was a
riverboat steward and he himself
studied r‘ Pittsburgh ami Wilber*
i-'*rCe Universities before he came
to Howard University in 1877. He
earned his medical degree at
Louisville Medical College and
claimed that he didn't practice
medicine because he was only in
terested in the knowledge to at
tend his own family.
He became a teacher instead and
taught latin. In 1925 Dr. Simpson
was the first teacher in the public
school system of Louisville to be
retired. On celebrating his 100th
birthday, his hearing and eyesight
were excellent and he knew the
Bible well from memory.
He lived by the verse: "What
man of you would live long and
see many days, let him keep his
lips from evil and his tongue from
speaking guile."
^■gpl
I Nobody/m
ine comple:
question is whe*
department heads
knowledge to give the Pre9Tfm^B||
Mr. Eisenhower obviouslydoSB
broadened the regular “Cabinet” to^l
of which, at any rate, is just about as important as the old-fashio%i
Cabinet. It is queer how little the average citizen knows of functic
al changes of this sort.
* * * *
To go back a bit, it was Franklin Roosevelt who set up whafr;
called “the executive office of the President" in 1939. This wa/i
landmark in the trend to institutionalize the job of executive manage
ment. It gave the President six executive assistants with “a passkn
for anonymity. Luther Gulick, one of the inventors of the sySttjft
called it a nearly unnoticed but none the less epoch-making ev^t
in the history of American institutions." The head of this White House
executive office staff, Sherman Adams, sits in at Cabinet meetings.
Mr. Eisenhower has broadened attendance at Cabinet meetings jto
include others. Philip Young, chairman of the Civil Service Co|n
mission, Harold E. Stassen, the President’s adviser on disarmament
and Henry’ Cabot Lodge, the administration’s representative at the
United Nations, customarily join the “Cabinet.” The President has
instituted greater formality of procedure. Before the Friday morning
Cabinet meeting a formal agenda is prepared by Maxwell M. Rabb, for
mer Boston lawyer. Machinery also has been established to follow
through Cabinet discussions to see that decisions are put into effect.
* * * *
But the cozy Cabinet o fthe Lincoln era is hardly adequate to cover
the enlarged range of presidential responsibilities today.
There is now, for example in addition, the National Security
Council. This was set up by Harry S. Truman in 1947. Mr. Eisen
hower has enlarged and strengthened it. Part of the NSC member
ship is interchangeable with the regular Cabinet. It specializes in the
whole broad field of foreign and military affairs.
The Secretaries of State and Defense attend; so do the President
and Vice-President, and the director of the Office of Defense Mobiliza
tion. It has a permanent staff headed by an executive secretary,
James S. Lay, Jr. The council often is joined by members of the
Joint Chiefs of Staff, the Secretary of the Treasury, and others.
Foreign affairs are, of course, vastly more important than half a
century ago. This means that the NSC deals with a crucial phase of
policy while the regular Cabinet pretty much confines itself to the
problems of the country at home—political and administrative.
Mr. Eisenhower has various sets of technical advisers in particular
fields. The three-man Council of Economic Advisers, for example,
watches the national economy, employment, living costs, and pros
perity, the Bureau of the Budget has the tremendous job of trying to
balance income with outgo, and deciding on agency appropriations.
The Cabinet composed of department heads has been around a
long while and is not an institution likely to be disposed of. It has I
sentiment and history on its side. But it is in the course of evolution.
Already it has lost some of its importance to other groups. The
steady growth of presidential responsibilities almost certainly means
further changes ahead.
Highways for the Nation
By now Senate^ and House conferees will likely have reconciled
differences on ways of imposing additional taxation for the multi
billion-dollar road program. And what is perhaps the most ambitious
and tremendous peacetime project in American history will shortly
come before Congress for final passage.
The last major difference has been resolved rightly, in o^r opin
ion. That is to bas» diKirihution «os.oou,ooo.oqo the
government s 90 per cent share of the cost of the 41,000-mile national
highway network—on the relative size, population, and length of rural
mail routes of each state. This seems far sounder than the other
method voted by the House: accepting the states’ own estimates of
costs. This formula would have put states under temptation to boost
their shares by refraining from “sharpening their pencils”.
In the long run, no doubt, federal-state sharing will have to meet
what experience proves the roads actually cost. And the conference
compromise may prove a wise one in limiting the plan of distribution
to three years.
The money released, in effect, to the states by so large a federal
assumption of the cross-country network’s cost should now be used
to relieve congestion in and around metropolitan areas. Otherwise
each such bottleneck could nullify quite a little accomplished by the
width and straightness of the open road.
In fact, the whole vast project must be thought of as amenable to
continual updating. One needs only to glance back 10 years to realize
that yesterday’s thoroughfare may seem like a winding country road
tomorrow.
Strawberry PicTwitli Sweetenedjjjp
Condensed Milk for Year Round Serving '
THE short, short season for ripe
red strawberries must once have
been greeted with Impatient delight
by the lovers of this fragrant red
fruit. Now, of course, we have
strawberries In June and strawber
ries in December, and in all the
months in between, both fresh and
froien. Modern means of transpor
tation and methods of growing and
processing have made this favorite
berry available the year around.
Here. then. Is a pie recipe for
your year-round file. It Is made
failure proof by the use of sweet
ened condensed milk, which gives
It, too, a smooth creamtneas and
perfect cutting texture. And It Is
uncooked, ao it is a perfect dessert
for a warm day. The crust may be
baked ahead of time, or It may be
made of cookie crumbs.
Strawberry Cream Cheese Pie
t baked 9-Inch pie shell or
cookie crumlvcrust
t's cups (15-os can) sweetened
condensed milk
cup lemon Juice
1 package (J-os.) cream cheese
2 eggs, separated
4 tablespoons sugar
l cup sliced strawberries, with
whole berries tor garnish
Put sweetened condensed milk
and lemon Juice In bowl and stir
until mixture thickens. Beat cream
cheese, softened to room tempera
ture, until smooth. Add one egg
yolk at a time, beating after each
addition. Add fruit and tulx well.
Fold cream cheese mixture Into
sweetened condensed milk mixture
and pour Into pastry shell. Garnish
with meringue made or egg whites
and sugar or with whipped cream.
Add strew berrtee for decoration.
IT’S YOUR MOVE
Here Are Money Savers
Good News-Plus Warning
Sometime in the next few days Congress is going to raise the
debt limit temporarily once more. But there is good news in the fact
that this year the administration has asked for only half the boost
voted in each of the last two years. This time a temporary lift of
$3,000,000,000 will enable the government to get by until the spring
flood of income-tax collections comes again.
Indeed, the Treasury expects to close the current fiscal year on
June 30 with a $1,800,000,000 surplus. There is good hope that this
can be used to cut the national debt below its current $273,000,000,000.
That will be moving in the right direction—toward using boom-time
surpluses to balance deficits which may be necessary in poorer years.
For still another reason it is wise to make a payment on the debt
instead of wiping out the surplus with a tax cut. For the prospect is
that federal costs will continue to rise in the next few years. Certain
ly there should be continued pressure for economy. But the American
people are demanding more sendees, and things such as school aid
and road-building will add to outgo.
If prosperity is maintained and the national economy continues
to expand, tax revenues will rise. We must hope that they will per
mit further debt reduction, so that temporary increases in the debt
ceiling will not be necessary. But careful estimates warn us that as
costs are now moving this surplus could be the last for some time, and
citizens had better enjoy that comfortable feeling while they can.
The Last Word
By Elizabeth Davis Pittman
One of the most important'
meetings of the decade sounded1
the gavel for adjournment on
Sunday, July 1, 1956 when the
National Association for the Ad
vancement of Colored People
blasted its last bigot. Why is this
meeting to be remembered? Why !
was it so important? It was im
portant because Alabama and
Louisiana have tried to declare
the N.A.A.C.P. illegal within their
boundaries while Mississippi has
attempted to belittle the import
of the organization, the organi
zation and its sympathizers as
well by setting up a unique “tat
tle tale” spy system which will
gnaw at the core of the group
until it has about as much impact
and effectiveness as a well plan
ned lawn social. The halls of
justice will resound when the
case involving the injunction in
Alabama is tried. We have al
ready quivered with fear, appre
hension and horror at what hap
pened in Louisiana when the or
ganization was declared illegal.
What could be more tyrannical
than to deny freedom of associa
tion and the right to try legiti
mate grievances in the attempt to
gain the dignity entitled to all
men?
This organization known as the
N.A.A.C.P. is important to the
American Negro for two reasons.
It doctors his state of mind hy
keeping him informed, vigilant
and militant. The frame of mind
of the individual is all-important
in his quest for equality. We are
beginning to realize that the
psychological approach is more
and more the answer to our racial
problem. Th<-.' *"“'t '
they are equal, that they deserve
the same opportunities as all
other peoples. For generations
there has been the partially suc
cessful attempt to instill in the
Negro, as a race, the feeling of
inferiority and dependency, the
subconscious fear that they can
not do this, that they must not
do that; and that if they attempt,
they will be met with failure. The
Negro is at the place where noth
ing beats a trial but a failure.
The Negro must defeat his de
featist attitude.
Secondly, the organization is
interested in the general estab
lishment of full citizenship rights
for the Negro. The Negro, after
the Civil War, was awarded his
freedom. Naive, unprepared and
trusting, they were easy prey for
the carpetbaggers, who chose to
exploit them for their own selfish
interests. By the time the Negro
had acquired sufficient experi
ence to separate the wheat from
the chaff, the harm had been
done, and all means were being
taken to deprive them of their
newly gained rights. Since that
day, they have had to fight anew
—they have seen rights given to
those who are, historically, less
deserving than the Negro. The
Negro has been deprived of prop
erty rights—which rights have
been returned via the Supreme
Court, he has journeyed to Wash
ington, D. C., the capitol of the
nation and has seen, in some in
stances, such discrimination as
is experienced in the more back
ward sections of the South. The
Negro has been deprived of nu
merous civil rights which can only
be regained by legal prosecution,
one of the tasks of the N.A.A.C.P.
and a responsibility which it is
anxious to shoulder—much to the
woe of the deep South.
The securing of the entity
known as the “whole citizen” is
Mil th«. OHfinni-yition
manifested m the N.A.A.C.P., it
is the hope of the many people
who are dealing with the prob
lems of discrimination in the pres
ent and who are looking into the
future. Let us hope that this
dream will become an actuality.
-1_
Seein' Stars
By Dolores Calvin
New York (CNS) Rose Morgan
Louis is back on the job at her
stunning Rose Morgan House of
Beauty in New York_Mrs. Louis
had been suffering from nervous
1 exhaustion and was warned by her
doctor to take it easy.. .Now the
bride of Joe Louis is slowing down
considerably though it’s difficult
with two careers under the same
roof.
Louis Armstrong and Sammy
Davis, Jr. were simply magnificent
in giving of themselves to the TV
marathon for Muscular Dysenthro
phy as staged by Jerry Lewis and
Dean Martin. Sammy sang and
sang, danced and danced and then
added a number on the drums.
Louis sang and played on the wee
hours of the morning. The whole
affair was a local New York tele
cast.
What’s this of Eartha Kitt hav
ing a new admirer in the heir of
the A and P millions and he bring
ing her home to mama? But Ear
tha was supposedly to have been
quite haughty about it all and
handled herself rather badly
though she didn’t dampen the ar
dor of her admirer... .Eartha’s
always been able to attract men <
with loot but holding on to them
—either she just doesn’t care or
else she just enjoys toying with
them all
Harry Belafonte drew the big
gest crowd in the 39 year old his
tory of Lewishon Stadium with
25,000 admirers on the inside of
the huge amphitheater and thous
ands outside trying desperately to
get through... It was a terrific
tribute to so nice a guy as Harry.
With that kind of box office ap
peal, he can name any price in the 1
books and get it.
Impressario Billy Shaw died of a
heart attack. Billy was never our
ideal of a manager — a run of the
mill guy on what Negro talent
should and should not do and what
place it belonged In. But he did
handle several lesser k n d w n
names — specializing in ruce tal
ent and thereby earned his
money..,. We suppose many will
shed tears,
Count Basle led the Castle Hill
Summer Concert season the last
days of June with a surprising
Kickoff t Mini!}, it’s the classical
boys that get the opening concerts
but this year as last the Count did
the initial days.
Arthur Lee Simpkins at the
Thunderbird in Las Vegas.
He’s having to work twice as hard
to give the folks their money’s
worth what with the rest of the
bill so bad.
Pearl Bailey is keeping brother
Bill out of trouble by carrying
him along with her on tour.
Not that he can’t earn his own
way, but including him in her
package deal, keeps that much
more money in the family. They’re
in Newport, Kentucky now.
Larry Steele opened his “Smart
Affairs of 1957" at the Club Har
lem in Atlantic City... .Larry's got
completely new talent for this
year’s version-Nat King Cole
on his way to the Sands in Las
Vegas for four weeks....
Everett Lee, the race’s leading
classical conductor after Dean Dix
on, wearing blue suede shoes on
the subway_Remarked to com
panion as they got off, ‘Don’t step
on my blue suede shoes, please."
A form thank you note had to
be gotten up for Harry Belafonte
for he received so many get-well
messages of all types that he could
never get around to answering
them personally. So he had
printed up a card and mailed them
by the thousands.
Sammy Davis, Jr. has a special
place he gets his photography
equipment, in Long Island. He’s
been buying there for years so
that whenever he's in the New
York area he makes the special
trip — even though it’s always
way out of his way — to buy from
the same people. Naturally, they
practically take the day off when
they see him coming.
yOo -V
awou to
TRAP*
*25-*
-J25A
BLOW
YOUR OWN HORN
In Th« Adv*rti*in| Column*
OF THIS NEWSPAPER
Heart Disease More
Deadly Than War
Three times as many Nebras
kans are killed every year by
heart and blood vessel diseases
as died in World War Two.
This appalling fact comes from
the Nebraska Heart Association,
which reports that there are ap
proximately 7,000 deaths annually
from these diseases compared to
2.290 War fatalities.
In fact, heart deaths in just
four of Nebraska’s largest coun
ties—Douglas, Lancaster, Scotts
Bluff, and Hall—exceed the last
War’s deaths by almost 150.
“But heart research, including
Heart Fund-supported studies at
Nebraska’s two medical schools,
is making remarkable advances
and saving thousands of lives,”
says an Association spokesman.
“Today some forms of heart dis
ease can be prevented and a few
can be cured. Almost all cases
can be helped by proper treat
ment, especially if started at an
early stage,” he continues.
To help fight the main types of
heart trouble caused by high
blood pressure and hardening of
arteries, the Nebraska Heart As
sociation is doubling its research
budget and increasing by 25%
its program to keep doctors a
breast of the latest advances.
“Nebraskans can join this
fight by guarding their own hearts
J. C. CAROLINE SIGNS UP
WITH CHI BEARS
CHiCAGO — Ex-111 ini J. C.
Caroline, fabulous South Caroli
na-born flash who is one of the
handful of sophomore gridders
to ever make All America, has
signed to play the Chicago Bears,
of the National Football League,
this Fall.
Caroline put in one season with
the Montreal Alouettes, after run
ning into scholastic difficulties at
the University of Illinois last
Spring.
The record-breaking speedster
became Bear property in the an
nual NFL drafts last Winter.
Florida Boycott
Has Cost Bus Co.
60% of Revenue
Tallahassee, Fla. (CNS) Cities
Transit moved quickly to cut its
overhead since it has lost 60% of
its revenue because of Florida Ne
groes boycotting over seat segrega
ti°n The bus company is suspend
ing indefinitely Its 13 louses and
22 employees after the City Com
mission rejected a final proposal
by the Negro inter-civic council for
ending the bus boycott.
The city of 48,000 persons of
which 14,000 are Negroes will be
without any transportation except
taxis.
through an annual physical check
up, a sensible diet, weight-con
trol, regular exercise, and main
taining a peace of mind,” he ad
ded.
Heart and blood vessel diseases
constitute one of Nebraska's
major health problems, afflicting
more than 80,000 persons of all
ages and causing 54% of ail
deaths.
The Nebraska Heart Association
also points out each year in this
nation about 800,000 persons die
of heart trouble, only 130,000
less than the total deaths in our
five major wars.
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COLD ditcomfort* yield quickly to
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STANBACK tablet* or powdor* work
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-PICK UP
Cleaners &
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ONE DAY CLEAN
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SERVICE
CROSSTOWN CLEANERS
2101 North 24th Streot Wobstor Wt*
RESPONSIBLE PARTY
male or female, from this area, wanted to service and collect
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ulars, phone. Write P.O. Box 7047, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
Article in Readers Digest Reveals
Jittery Pre-Menstrual Tension
Is So Often a Needless Misery!
Do you suffer terrible nervous ten
sion—feel Jittery, irritable, de
pressed—Just before your period
each month? A startling amok la
HEADER 8 DIQKHT reveals such
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pier, ess tense as those •'difficult
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Taken regularly, Pinkham's re
lieves the headaches, oramps, nerv
ous tension . . . during and be/ort
your period Many women never
suffer—«vsn o» th« fint <u>v> Why
should you? This month, start tak
trig Pinkham's. Sen if you don't
escape pro-menstrual tension., so
often the cause of unhappiness
uny* anproncn1
Lydia I’lnkliMni
h*« n remarkable
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the icurce of auch
diatre**, J» doctor*'
teata, 1'i tik limn'*
In dutlnri' taiti an (waiini
pradurl, 3 oul al 4 w»m»n |al
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table Compound..,
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•*» —M <