The Negfo Press in A Changing World Following excelfrom add ress by P. B. Young Sr. president and publisher of Norfolk Journal and Guide at Wilkie Awards Din ner, ashingtonW, D. C. March 1. On behalf of my colleagues. 1 wish to thank Mrs_ Meyer and her associates on the committee for their interest and for carry ing forward in this magnificent way the ideals of our late lam ented friend Mr. Wendell L. Wil kie. As a tribute to the memory of that great American may I also express the gratitude of the Ne gro Press of the United States for the added recognition implied in these awards. Our lamented friend envisioned a free world, and he wanted our America to lea dint he cause of freedom. He believed that a free America was essential to a free world and he believed with deep sincerity that America could not be truly free unless all of her people were free In his private life and public acts he exemplified the high ideal which he so ably espoused. This occasion brings to public attention the Negro Press. It underlines the importance of our efforts in the United States to Serve a high purpose in the field of journalism, to establish and “IT PAYS TO LOOK WELL" — MAYO’S BARBER SHOP — Ladies and Children’s Work A Specialty 2422 LAKE STREET maintain harmonious race re! a tions, to deal constructively with ! a great human question, which our people—at least a majority of our people—are trying to res olve in a spirit of justice. I have chosen, therefore), to discuss the topic. The Negro Press in a Changing World. In order that you who are not so familiar with the origin, the background and present status of the Negro Press may be able to view it in the proper prospective, J let me review briefly these essen { tied details. j I19TH ANNIVERSARY This week the Negro Press of I the United States is celebrating its 119th anniversary. That may seem singular to those who recall that the institution of legal sla very was abolished 81 years ago. With a few exceptions we have been in the habit of viewing the sdcial evolution of Negroes -in America in terms of what has happened since emancipation. But years betore this historic change occured people outside of the region in which slavery was legalized were indulgisg in the good old American custom of striving to make this Nation free as a whole. Thus, in 1827 there was established in New York City a small sheet which bore the sig nificant title of Freedom’s Jour nal. It was the first newspaper dedicated to the Abolitionist cause and ante dated Garrison’s Liberator by (four years Free doms Journal was an organ of protest. GROWTH OF PRESS From that small beginning the Thrifty Service • • 6 LBS. OF LAUNDRY BEAUTIFULLY I LAUNDERED FOR ONLY E©r AND ONLY 7c For Each Additional lb... • This Includes the Ironing of all FLAT-WORK with Wearing Apparel Returned Just Damp Enough for Ironing. ° Emerson - Saratoga 2324 North 24th St. WE. 1029 ^ ———■ — BAR-B-Q— BAR-B-Q— BAR-B-Q— BAR-B-Q— BAR-B-Q ! BARBECUE s Cooked with Oak Wood in a Bar-B-Q Oven K | • SPARE RIBS & BACK RIBS ^ t Buy All You Want ® * —ONLY SATURDAY & SUNDAY— § —CURB SERVICE OMY— £ l 518 NORTH 15th STREET I (Between Cass and California Streets). & a; Saturday 12 P. M. until 12 P. M. S g Sunday 2 P. M. until 11 P. M. 2 , . . • IT’S CURB SERVICE ONLY £ BAR-B-Q— BAR-B-Q— BAR-B-Q— BAR-B-Q— BAR-B-Q » Negro Press has grown to con siderable dimensions. There are now more than 200 standard weeklies^ ranging in circulation from a few thousand in some cases, to a quarter million in at least two others with a substan tial group able to show through the Audit Bureau of Circulations subscribers or regular buyers in numbers ranging from 10,000 to 150.000. There is a standard daily published in a southern city that has a circulation close 'to 25,000. Six or seven of the weeklies pub lish from four to a dozen separ ate editions for different geogra phical locations and their opera tions approximate those of a daily newspaper. There are more than 20 religious peridocjals, weeklies and monthlies, some of which are natiosal in circulations- We have a dozen or more journals devoted to education, one of which is re cognized as an authority on edu cation in the United States. It compares in size, content and circulation with the leading jou rnals in America. There are 20 trade publications, representing different phases of industry and business- We have a large group Of magazises, some of which are organs of organizations with the memberships nationwide, and the circulations run into large figures 1 and at least one of these maga zines of general charadter has a circulation of more than 100,000. We have a journal of Negro his tory, evoted chiefly to historical research and this is also recog nized as ^ authority in its field. There is a medical journal which has a national circulation and this is recognize as an authority in its field. AS MEDIUM OF EDUCATION As has been pointed out the Negro Press is diversified, cov ering nearly all phases of humas activities. Estimating the circula tion of the entire Negro Press on the basis of four readers to the literate family it is safe to say that 8,000,000 Negroeg read these publications weekly. That furni shes an idea of the effectiveness of this agency as an educational I i • When planning your summer vacation, remember that Union Pacific serves Utah's Zion and Bryce Canyon National Parks and the Grand Canyon National Park in Arizona; also Colorado, Yellowstone, California, the Pacific Northwest. Take your choice of magnificent natural monuments and canyons brilliant in color, cf rugged mountains and sapphire lakes, of geysers and waterfalls, of ocean beaches and great forests. These are scenic features presented by Union Pacific. , Train travel is a vacation in itself. You can completely relax. Union Pacific provides fast, modern and dependable rail service to and from all the West. ifore western scenic regions are served by Union Pacific than by any other railroad. It's She world's greatest vacation travel bargain,. be Specific - Union Pacific* THt rtOGIISSIV! UNION PACIFIC RAILROAD aoao or THt **%.£W4i I in WASHINGTON By Walter Shead .1 WNU Correspondent WNU Washington Bureau, 1616 Eye St.. N. W. j Which Way Will Prices Of Farm Products Go? /~\N JANUARY 11, Agriculture Secretary Clinton P. Anderson spoke before the American National Livestock association convention in Denver on “New Frontiers for the Livestock Industry.” He outlined a production program of 23 billion pounds of meat this year . . . that’s 20 pounds more per capita than was consumed in 1945. But in that same speech Mr. An derson revealed his plans for re moval of meat subsidies on cattle, calves, sheep and lambs by June 30 of this year. Ten days later, President Truman in his message to congress on the state of the Union gave his reasons why “food subsi dies must be continued beyond June ! 30, 1946,” and if the reaction of farm leaders here in Washington to the President’s recommendation reflects the feelings of the rank and file of farmers throughout the country . . . then that’s bad for the farmers. For all these leaders are opposed to sub sidy as a principle, and particular ly to extension of subsidies as a ! means of holding down food prices to consumers. Subsidies Unpopular Dairy farm leaders are especially hostile to the President’s recom mendation. Charles W. Holman, secretary of the National Co-opera tive Milk Producers federation, pointed to what he called “the in congruity in the administration’s recommendations for a wage in crease to industrial groups on the one hand, and on the other hand for federal grants to subsidize their grocery bills. The one is an infla tionary move for the benefit of ur ban groups. The other is a ‘hold-the line’ edict to the detriment of agri culture, and is in itself just as in flationary.” While those close to the secre tary declared that Mr. Anderson’s whole position for elimination of subsidies depended on favorable fac tors which are not now in the eco nomic picture, it is said Mr. Ander son is going along with his chief as a good soldier. Whether congress will accede to the President’s policy on continua tion of the subsidies, which farm leaders contend will mean that “farmers will continue as wards of the government for years to come,” remains to be seen. So far con-' gress has paid little or no attention to the President’s recommenda tions, with the exception of his for eign policy. Furthermore, there is little reason to belhve that congress will listen to Mr. Truman now, any more than they have in the past, un less an aroused public opinion forces their hand. Farmers, how:ver, can be thank ful to the President for the fact that because he refrained from declar ing an official end to the war prior to the first of the year, their parity prices are guaranteed by the gov ernment until the end of 1948 . . . three years from now. Price Support to Stay And now, unless congress goes back on its word, all farm prices under the Steagall bill must be sup ported at 90 per cent of parity for 1946, 1947 and 1948, for the law fixed these prices in force “until two years after January 1 following the date” of such a declaration by the Presi dent or by congress. So such com modities as hogs, eggs, chickens, milk, butterfat, dry peas and beans, soybeans, etc., will get the benefit. Regarding these prices, the Pres- I tdent in his message said: “The first cbligation of the government to ag riculture for the reconversion peri od is to make good on its price-sup port commitments. This we intend to do, with realistic consideration for the sound patterns of production that will contribute most to the long time welfare of agriculture and the whole nation.” So it appears that OPA’s Mr. Bowles stands to win out in the bout with Anderson over subsidies, if congress supports the President. Bowles’ contention was that subsidy removal will increase food prices, and that’s what happened. Butter is an example. Anderson felt nat ural laws of supply and demand should gradually govern prices. So far congress has evaded taking a stand on any controversial question affecting reconversion, but it ap pears the solons on the Hill will be forced to vote one way or another on this question before June 30, when the price control act is scheduled to pass out of existence. The belief here generally is that it will be extended for at least six months. The President asks a year. Mr. Anderson says that repeal of subsidies on commodities which al ready have been announced will stand, however. As an example sub sidies on some types of cheese were lifted on February 1. With market prices well above the subsidy levels, there is obviously no need of bolster ing prices of dairy products. It is ex pected that prices on butter, cheese, etc., will remain high for a long time, considering the present nation al income level. the statement that “the South makes the previsions per capita for the improvement of white people that are made for Negroes Then he asked the Senate and the world why change this, in appar ent earnestness”? The Senator is an intelligent, experienced man, and must have known that his statement was erroneous and mis" leading. But millions of American people read, and believed that what this southern statesman said was true. No other Senator in the august body refute^ what he said. We have seen in no Ame rican newspaper, other than in Negro newspapers, any refutation of what he said. But i tis in the record for all Americans and for all the world to see and believe that in the South there is no dis crimination against Negroes in matters of education, health, em ployment, housing and other fundamental necessities of life. The fact is that in the Senator’s own state the per capita expen diture for the education of chil (Continued on page 5) I-WEEKLY NEWS ANALYSIS_ State Department Blueprints International Atom Control; House Probes Spy Intrigue ---Released by Western Newspaper Union_ (EDITOR’S NOTE: When opinions are expressed in these eolnmns. they are those of Western Newspaper Union's news analysis and not necessarily of this newspaper.) Pictured (from bot tom to top) during tense UNO talk on Iran are Andrei Gromyko, repre senting the soviet; Sir Alexander Cadogan of Britain, and Edward Stettinius and James Byrnes of the U. S, WORLD RELATIONS: Atom—Russ Even as the United Nations Or ganization’s security council strove to compose differences with Russia over the Iranian question, the U. S. state department issued a special report calling for the creation of an international agency to control all phases of atomic energy and avert atomic rivalry among the major powers. . Written by a distinguished board of scientists and technicians the re port recommended the establish ment of an atomic development au thority that would own and lease property and conduct mining, manu facturing, research, licensing, in spection or other operations. While the authority would possess absolute control over the production of atom ic weapons, it would permit utiliza tion of atomic energy in such civilian fields as medicine, biology, chemis try and physics. The U. S.’s secret processes in development of atomic energy would be gradually unfolded to the United Nations authority as plans progressed for its development. Re lease of preliminary information necessary to discussion of setting up the agency would be followed by revelation of industrial know-how in manufacture and finally the method of constructing the A-bomb. In releasing the report, Secretary of State Byrnes pointed out that the recommendations did not consti tute official U. S. policy but could be considered as a basis for jiis cussion of the creation of an inter national atomic authority. Meanwhile, the security council worked on means to adjust the dif ficult situation posed by Russia’s walkout in protest pver UNO’s con sideration of Iran’s complaint against the Soviets for failure to withdraw Red troops from the country. While Russia’s withdraw al from the deliberations jolted UNO, the Soviets were quick to explain that their action did not mean they were withdrawing from the United Nations, but rather ob jecting to security council proced ure. SPY INTRIGUE: House Acts Hard upon the arrest of a 29-jrear old Russian naval officer for espi onage by the FBI in Portland, Ore., the house committee on un-Amer ican activities, headed by Repre sentative Wood (Dem., Ga.), voted to send investigators up to Can ada to probe possible connections between the Soviet spy ring uncov ered in the dominion and agents in this country. Revealing that the committee had been aware of the FBI’s investiga tion of the Soviet naval officer, Lt. Nicolai Redin, the committee coun sel said that the group soon would hold hearings on subversive activi ties and c^ll on a number of wit nesses, including atomic scientists and government employees. Meanwhile, Redin, nabbed for ob taining information about the de stroyer tender USS Yellowstone, charged “the whole thing is a build up for political purposes.” A mem ber of the Soviet lend-lease pur chasing** staff in the U. S., Redin enjoys no diplomatic immunity and was held on $25,000 bond. SCIENCE: Use Germans Some 160 German scientists are now in the United States working on military projects involving cap tured German equipment Including rockets, buzz bombs, jet-propelled planes and aerodynamic research instruments, Secretary of War Pat terson announced. The original plan called for large scale utilization of German experts but was cut back radically follow ing the Japanese surrender. LABOR FRONT: Farm Machinery Tie-Up Government seizure of strike bound farm machinery plants ap peared as the remaining alternative as negotiations between companies and union bogged down and equip ment was badly needed for the maintenance of high crop produc tion to meet domestic 'and foreign demands. As the government pondered tak ing over the plants, the Internation al Harvester company continued to resist the CIO-Farm Equipment Workers’ demands for union secur ity, maintenance of membership, dues checkoff, arbitration and meth ods for settling grievances. Both company and union agreed to a gov ernment fact-finding recommenda tion for an 18-cent an hour wage increase. In addition to 30,000 workers in 11 International Harvester plants, 12, 500 employees in six plants of Allis Chalmers and J. I. Case remained out over contract differences. While the government kept one eye on the farm machinery situa tion, it trained another on the coal industry, where parleys between John L. Lewis’ United Mine Work ers and the operators sagged over the UMW chieftain’s demands for the creation of a health and wel fare fund. Dropped last year during the bar gaining over a new contract, the health and welfare fund issue was raised again this year by Lewis, who gave it No. 1 position on the negotiating agenda. Asserting that it would cost them $50,000,000 an nually, the operators proposed the creation of a joint committee to study an accident compensation plan as an alternative. As a walkout in the industry loomed, the government prepared to control the shipment of an esti mated 29,000,000 tons of bituminous coal above ground. Steel spokes men said a miners’ walkout might result in the restriction of produc tion within two weeks. New CAW Chief A concerted drive to organize the white collar workers in the automo bile industry loomed with the elec tion of fiery, red-haired Walter Reu ther as the new CIO-United Auto mobile Workers president. Avowed foe of the communist faction within the UAW, Reuther thwarted the re-election hopes of R. J. Thomas, head of the union since 1938, who enjoyed leftist support. In winning the presidency of the biggest union in the world, Reuther announced the organization of the white collar workers in the indus try as one of his No. 1 goals. He also said an educational program would be undertaken to interest the membership in union activity and the UAW would strive for industry wide instead of company-wide bar gaining to correct wage and work ing inequalities between plants. The stormy petrel of the UAW, and head of the union’s General Mo tors division, Reuther is 39 and des tined for major leadership in the American labor movement. Fired from the tool department of the Ford Motor company for union ac tivity in 1933, he organized an AFL local in the plant in 1935 and then led his men into the CIO in 1938. Children Handicapped The American Society for the Hard of Hearing estimates that one million children, not includ ing the totally deaf, are suffer ing from some form of auditory impairment Since a person may suffer al most a 40 per cent hearing loss before it is observable, a child may be seriously maladjusted before anything is done to help him, the authorities add. GERMAN ASSETS: Uncovered in Spain Enjoying the co-operatinn of the Franco government, the U. S. and Britain, acting for the Allied con trol council, have uncovered more than ICO million dollars in German assets in Spain and taken possession as the ruling force of the van quished reich. Included in the assets are con trolling shares in extensive holding companies; 30 ships and other facil ities of three shipping companies; 100 buildings; gold worth $1,125,000; German paintings used for propa ganda purposes, and a huge stock of champagne which was to be sold to obtain foreign exchange. Discovery of stock of the Socie dad Financiero Industria in a vault under the German embassy in Ma drid gave U. S. and British officials control over -a far-flung holding company comprising 17 corpora tions. Organized at the beginning of the Spanish civil war to supply goods and munitions to Franco, the holding company was supported by the Nazis. Among the German businesses taken over were makers of tires and rubber, medical and electrical equipment, electrical appliances, radio sets and telephones, and light bulbs. Krupp’s extensive licensing of patents and processes at a 3 per cent royalty also were subject to Allied administration. FARM EXPERIMENT: Dropped by Ford In line with its announced policy of abandoning activities not directly connected with the manufacture of automobiles, the Ford Motor com pany will dispose of 10,000 acres of farmland in Michigan originally ac quired for experimenting in the adaptation of agricultural products to industrial use. The company also decided to give up the model school project organ ized for the communities surround ing the huge land holdings. One room schools were remodeled, kin dergartens opened for three- and four-year-olds, and studies shaped to permit practical application of textbook teachings. Under the new policy pushed by Henry Ford n, the company will not resume manufacture of some of its own tires and a tugboat used for Ford piers on the Detroit river has been sold. Operated by a founda tion separate from the company, the Ford museum and Greenfield vil lage will not be affected. Found: An Honest Man! Honesty still is the best policy to Frank Barone, 71, who has worked hard operating a shoe repair shop in Chicago, 111., for 40 years and knows the value of money. While reheeling some footwear for an unknown cus tomer, the cobbler discovered $1,100 in ten and twenty dollar bills stuffed deep inside the shoes. When the customer re turned, Barone handed over $1,090, insisting on withholding $10 as a reward. PEARL HARBOR: Reopen Hearings Pondering lengthy testimony on the Pearl Harbor disaster of De cember 7, 1941, the congressional committee named to investigate the catastrophe decided to reopen public hearings to obtain more de tailed information from top military and naval officers as to their where abouts on the evening preceding the attack. Decision to call General Marshall, Admiral Stark and Rear Admiral Beardall back for questioning fol lowed late testimony of Comdr. L. R. Schulz that President Roosevelt had sought to contact Stark on the night of December 6 after receipt of the first 13 parts of the Japanese message indicating a rupture in dip lomatic relations. While Marshall and Stark had told the committee they could not recall their whereabouts on the night of December 6, Schulz said that Mr. Roosevelt was informed that Stark was attending a theater. Beardall was said to have been dining with the late Admiral Wilkinson, chief of naval intelligence. Schulz’s testi mony may serve to refresh their memories. Committee Chairman Barkley said. OUTDOOR SPORTS: Licenses Up America’s hunters and anglers spent more than 26 million dollars for licenses during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1945. Although 8, 190,901 hunting licenses and 8,28o[ 232 fishing licenses were purchased this does not mean that 16,471,133 different sportsmen bought licenses to hunt or fish, for many bought both. There may have been even mors since land-owners do not have to buy a license in some states.