WE CAN MAKE DEMOCRACY WORK (Cantinued from page gvgjr’l) nev.a the obligation of the Gov ernment to examine .lie economic situation regularly each year, and h lake whatever may be the heal calculated to increase the op-' portunities for employment and investment. No single group in industry or labor or agriculture can prevent depressions. The bill j is written on the theory that, act ing together as a Nation, we can do it. The full employment bill Is bas ically one in the interest of com petitive business ent.erpdise. Noth ing throws small businesses into bankruptcy so rapidly and so See Internal Crisis Affecting Russ Policies Report Army Looms as New Power as Fac tions Clash Over Broad Participation In Postwar World Affairs. By BAUKHAGE News Analyst and Commentator. WNU Service, 1616 Eye Street, N.W., Washington, D. C. What'a happening inside Russia? Where there’s smoke, there’s fire. Vehement denials of the death of Marshal Stalin were followed final ly by admission that the man who had more power than any czar could boast of was weary. That he was well, but that he was shedding some of his responsibilities. It is interesting to note the reac tion in this country. The wishful thinking of those who first an nounced the death rumor over the air and in print was not reflected in official Washington. The very day before the first story appeared a high government official expressed the opinion in my hearing that the hope for understanding be tween the United States and Russia depended largely on Stalin. This was after the long series of disagree ments beginning with the breakup of the Foreign Ministers’ meeting in London, the refusal of Russia to take active part in the United Nations Food organization meeting in Que bec, the objections to various moves made by the members of the United Nations Executive Council. Every where ‘‘Russia objects” seemed to be the one answer which Russia’s representatives had to offer to the suggestions made by the American and other governments. When the real history of the in ternational conferences, beginning with the Moscow conference which Secretary of State Hull attended, through Yalta and Potsdam, is writ ten, I think it can be shown that Stalin, frequently against the advice of his councillors, was the one who broke the deadlocks and proposed or accepted compromises which were made necessary by his own col leagues’ stubbornness. It will be recalled that when the Invitations to the meeting at San Francisco went out it was announced that Russia would not send her for eign minister as head of the delega tion, but would leave that post to Ambassador Gromyko in Washing ton. This made a bad impression, for it looked as if Stalin were damn ing the affair with faint support. However, after the American news papers sounded off on the subject, Stalin had a change of heart—or per haps the death of Roosevelt, which occurred in the interim, affected his course. Molotov was duly assigned to the job. Molotov proved no simple prim rose and more than once, it is re ported, Stalin's intervention had to be sought to grease the wheels. There was another occasion—just ■which one is not revealed—when the work was completely stymied and finally the President made a direct appeal to Stalin to accept the sug gestions of the majority on a point that appeared to have hopelessly • or h of highway projects, •he war, are now start The air transport command re cently took 24 queen bees from America to France. This is a record for transporting royalty. • • • Is the sun burning up your crops? There are plenty of surplus bomb ers no good for anything else which could fly in formations and squirt out enough water to make clouds—so we’re told. / surely as a prolonged depression, i They have no fat on their ribs on ! which to live on during the lean i years. They either close their | uoors, or are bought up by comp- j anies that have larger resources. I The life of small competitive business is tough enough in these days without subjecting it to the impossible burden of holding out through long depressions. Every new technological advance means that larger sums are required for new machinery and for research. The price of admission to or suc cess in business is constantly go ing up. I think that it is a sim ple, demonstrable fact that we can not expect to retain our compet itive system, and enterprise that is free and open to everyone, if we continue to allow depressions. Since I am in favor of that sys tem, I believe that the full employ i ment bill should be considered a ‘must”. To me it is an act of the high est stupidity that an organized society such as our own should have failed to avail itself of thei productive skills of every man and woman in the land, regardless oii origin, race or color. Whatever any individual is able to contri bute to the wealth of the country should be a welcome contribution. It goes without saying that an opportunity should be freely given to make such a contribution. A basic concept of the full em ployment program is that it looks upon all labor as a potential source of power and wealth which is available to increase the output of our economic system and thus raise our standard of living. This concept ends for all time the idea that Negro labor is merely com peting in the labor market for jobs. The competition under the ;ull employment program is for more production by more people, not for more production by few er people. Hence, Negro labor is looKea upon under mis program as a powerful contributing factor to our potential power and wealth If the full employment program were brought to its full fruition, Negroes would be given opport unities to which they are entitled, not because they would be singled out for special consideration but oecause a great majority of Ne groes belong to the class that the program is designed especially to benefit. It is to the advantage of the Negroes therefore that they familiarize themselves with the social and economic theory upon which this new program for de mocracy is being built. This re quires knowledge and understand ing of the new forces that have been brought into being by science and technology and of the various social and political factors which are emerging as the result of a better understanding among men. A correlative of the responsib ilities in helping to maintain a de mocracy is a voice in determing its policies. An apathetic and un intelligent electorate is a serious menace to free institution. In these days when attempts are be ing made by pressure groups to sabotage both our economic and political institutions for individ ual and collective benefits, we need an enlightened and intelli gent electorate. Experience has shown that a progressive program of action tested by discussion and based upon the facts is the best assur ance that we will continue to ex ist as a free nation. The partic ipation of the Negro in making decisions is just as vital as his participation in carrying out those decisions when made, There is need for organizations such as this one that will inter pret the new forces that are emer ging from our modern civilization and which will help to evolve plans for the intelligent and ade quate participation of our Negro citizens under leadership that you will provide. In the economic realm the Ne gro must accept the burdens as well as the rewards of the new patterns of labor relations. He must solve his particular prob lem within the framework of har monious human relations. All workers, white or Negro, have the responsibility to secure as wide opportunities for labor as possible that both may make their full contribution to the American ecor. omy. Despite the acknowledged na tional aim to provide a fuller life for all of the people, there are those who would oppose these de sirable social advances. Those ■ who take this position believe that wealth and political power should be concentrated in the hands of a small minority. They sneer at democracy becaose they do not believe in it. They pro claim that education should be reserved for their own group and for those “little brothers of the rich" who can be counted upon to serve that group. They are con cinved that leisure will only be misused by those whom they re gard as the “lower classes" and therefore that it is better to keep such men, women, and children hard at work for no more than sufficient to keep them in work able condition. They believe that human, as well as natural re sources, are God-given for their personal exploitation and should be made to yield to them the last drop of profit. While these men are ni a decided minority, they are powerful, as concentrated wealth is always powerful. They are able to muster strong support, buttressed as they are by special privilege. They are determined to retain their unfair advantages ev en at the cost of social progress and economic opportunity for the average man. Such a selfish philosophy is in compatible with democracy. It is in fact, destructive of democracy. Therefore, the forward looking forces in America, who constitute the great majority, are under the challenge to join hands and fight for the prese~vation of their ideals. Closely allied to those who are determined to retain their special economic privileges are those who ook with horror ur>on anv change in the customs and habits of the councry. Such fail to realize that customs and hab'ts are a matter of growth. They are expressive of the lives and aspirations of the people to whom they appertain. I am well acquaint with the hor rendous social results that have been acclaimed as the inevitable result of treating Negroes and other minorities as if they were human beings, let alone American citizens entitled to the protection of the law and the economic op portunities that our country af fords. I have never had much patience with such simulated fear During my own lifetime, I have seen great strides made in the di- j rection of a cessation from race prejudice. In my Department, people are employed on the basis of their American citizenship and their capacity to do the job that there is to do. To my knowledge, there have been no other consid erations. Men and women have found that they could work toget her and use the cafeteria and din ing rooms together without any bad results, even imaginary ones. Of course from the beginning there were employees in some of the lower salary grades who were Negroes but there were practical ly none in the higher or profes sional grades. I set about to cor rect that. Interior has employed Negro lawyers, architects and en gineers and men and women in salary grades well above those that were taken for granted as constituting the only classes to which Negroes might aspire. On my recommendation President Roosevelt appointed the first Ne gro United States Judge in our history, a man who was justly re spected and honored by Negroes and whites alike, Judge William H. Hastie, now Dean of the Law School of Howard Uinversity Judge Hastie was succeeded by another man of his race, Judge Herman Moore of Chicago. Th- e have been other appointments of dignity, standing and emoluments that have gone to Negroes. I count it as one of the great privileges that has been mine to preside at the Lincoln Memorial that notable Sunday afternoon when a great singer, great not only because she is a member of the Negro race but great as a hu man being and superb as an art ist, Marion Anderson, who was born and reared in this city of Philadelphia, sang to an enormous gathering of 75,000 people, both white and colored, who gathered before the statue of the Great E mancipator. You will remember that the Da ughters of the American Revolu tion who, in that regard, were more to be pitied than censored, had denied her the use of Consti tution Hall when another hall of adequate size was unobtainable. So we simply moved out under Gods bright sun and there she poured fourth the most glorious voice thSft I have ever listened to in songs that held spell-bouiid the greatest audience that had ever been assembled in Washington. As an evidence that even the DAR is not impervious to ideas or im mune to tht principles which their organization is supposed to com memorate and glorify I might say that subsequently it invited Mar ian Andersou to smg in Constitu tion Hall and accepted her condi tion that on cne should be barred ■tom the audience on account ot his race. To be sure there has (been a more recent inexplicable refusal by tne same organization to permit another Negro artist to have Constitution flail for a con cert but I for one do not believe that this reversion to type is more than temporary I prefer to think ■ hat the Daughters jj the Ameri can Revolution, die-hard thou6h it may be on this fundamental and broadly social issue, will de cide such questions in the future on their merits and not again per mit preudice to sway a judgment in a manner that does no credit to the ancestors whom they worship or to the principles fr' which those ancestors Struggled Broad social movements that are on their way generally tend forward. There may be brief re actions here and there for local reasons but it true with respect to this country’s acceptance of the Negroes as American citizens ,;s it is true generally of sweeps into the future tha. progress, ns progress can only be, is forward. Th< Negro is well o' his way to ward that equal opportunity that is his by the written word but which as a matter of fact for so long and in so many instances was unthinkingly and perhaps even callously denied to him We have no option except to live together in this country and since this is true the only sensible thing is to learn to live eogether in content ment and well-being. And this can only be done if we recognize and are prepared to defend at all times the same rights in the Ne groes that we demand for oursel ves while at the same time expect ing of the Negroes and equally of curselves a hig v*r standard of social behavior titan we have ever held ourselves to in the past. n PAYS TO LOOK WELL’ MAYO’S BARBER SHOP Ladies and Children’s W... k A Specialty 2422 LAKE ST LARGE LOAD PREFERRED Kindling per load $5 OC II LACK STOVE LUMP COAL $|16C per ton 1 JONES FUEL & SUPPLY Company 2520 Lake Street Phone AT 5631 To Subscribe for Omaha’s Greater Negro Weekly CALL HA-0800 RECORD AYRSHIRE AUCTION PRICE Troy, NY_Sold for *8 950, the highest price at which any Ayr shire has been sold on the North American continent, was Vista Grande King, an approved Ayr shire sire, at a recent sale at C. M. Rodriguez's Vista Grande Farm, Cropsey villei N. V. J. W. Alsop> Wood Ford Farm, Avon Conn4i purchased the sire which at the New York World's fair was chief herd sire at the Dairy World of Tomorrow. - Plain Talk... BV DAX GARDNER POLICE IN NEGRO COMMUNI TIES HAMPERED BY ‘STAR GAZERS” An example of the diseased type of thinking we have been nurtured upon over the years by the professional “do-gooders,” “star-gazers,” etc., is seen in the crime situation in Harlem. While the crime problem of New York City isn’t confined to Harlem alone, but is greater in proportion in other communities that are not white, the situation in Harlem perhaps mir rors that in other communities where our people live in great numbers. There are around 300 colored members of the New York Police De partment which has a total of around 14,000 depleted from a full comple ment of 18,000 by the selective serv ice, retirements, etc. Mayor-elect Wil liam O’Dwyer has said that he in tends to boost the force to 25,000 members. Thus, it can be seen, that police protection for the world’s larg est city is definitely inadequate and that serious consequences can and are developing because of a lack of per sonnel. The situations in Harlem has been regarded as explosive for years. Through no fault of their own (or maybe it is really their own fault) over a half million Neroes are cooped up in a black belt and forced to live in it because of a lack of living space elsewhere, plus, of course, restrictive covenants creating lilywhite communi ties. Harlem was originally built to accommodate around 40,000 citizens. That was back in the early twenties. It is now 1945 and buildings fairly bulge with overcrowding by colored tenants who have nowhere else to live. It is so bad that many cases are reported of people sleeping in door ways, in the parks during the sum mer, or on the subways. Thus taxed, the social agencies have been loathe and actually afraid to stir up the simmering resentment of the people against such conditions by giving their sanction to police methods which are universally accepted as stamdard in dealing with large num bers of people. The fear of rioting has silenced many outspoken foes of crime and crime-breeding conditions. It is a known fact that one out of every two Negroes in Harlem carries a chip permanently on his shoulder for any white person. To them these whites are the ones responsible for the plight of the Ne gro. They represent members of a race that lynch, bum, despoil women and exploit persons unable to protect or help themselves. When you bring in hundreds of Negroes fresh from southern cities and towns where they had to live for years under an outright system of Jim Crow, segregation, and discrimination because of color, then the problem takes on magnitude. In many of these Negroes is crys talized the pent-up hatreds of years against the system that makes them second-class citizens permanently, yet which calls upon them periodically to sacrifice life, limb and mentality fight ing to keep such a system alive. They are touchy about whites, but are di vided into classes, one of which will go out of its way to “get even” with a white man, directly or indirectly, and one which is still afraid. The for mer class constitutes the roots of the present evil in Harlem. The Negroes new to New York from the South or elsewhere where they have encountered trouble living with whites, are the first to fall vic tim to loud-mouth propaganda from I the soapboxes and the pulpit about their rights, and the fact that they are at last in a free land (Up North). This sort of propaganda is delivered glibly with the purpose in mind of stirring mass hysteria to the point where it can be cashed in upon. To minds un prepared to digest this kind of talk, it is frankly dangerous to the community at large, white or black. The youth of 18, just off a boxcar from Mugwump, Georgia, or Toot-toot, Florida, takes such discussions at face value and as a license for committing vandalism and more serious crimes. Instead of being educated to take the new ad- I vantages in front of him with care | and to enjoy them to the fullest, he! gets the idea that he is entitled to ' right all the wrongs done him and his ancestors over the years by doing what he wants. The easiest thing for him to do, as a consequence, are muggings, petty stealings, assaults and rapes, indiscriminately on Negro or white. Fearful of arousing an emotional tempest already at the explosion point, the social workers and others have talked loudly about playgrounds, recreational facilities, etc., instead of the old-fashioned police nightstick. Where the police problem in Harlem would be immeasurably made simpler if more Negro police were assigned to details in the area, the stargazers demand that the policemen on duty in Harlem be “mixed,” white and col ored. As a result, comparatively few Negro policemen are on detail in Har lem where they would be of more use. An example is shown in an instance at one precinct station in a solidly white neighborhood! Several Negro cops are on assignment there and complain that all they do is watch the squirrels in the park and the sea gulls over the Hudson River. They are fairly aching to ge a crack at the muggers, thieves, and gang I 1. Contains only Natural Herbs. I 2. Thorough yet Gentle in Eilect. I 3. Wo Unpleasant Alter ellects. I 4. Pleasant and Easy to Take. B S. Wo fuss. Wa Brewing Wo Bother. ■ 6. Dose can be easily Adjusted to your ■ Individual Needs. B 7. 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JENSEN Wholesale Furnace & Supply Co. 1718 CASS ST._ _ AT. 4244 sters on the loose in Harlem, but are sent to white police precinct stations as a policy insisted upon by those who advocate “mixing ’em up.” It is fairly well known that Negro policemen are more effective in handling Negro problems than most whites. However, if they are not granted the opportunity to serve in Negro communities, it means that the authorities fear tire —QUOTES—I . or THE WEEK “I’m the atomic bum, and rery restless.”—Jerome Stem, TO, of Chioago, starting walking tour to San Diego and Phoenix. “I’d hare beaten him to a pulp if I’d caught him.”—Congress woman Jessie Sumner, III., who chased attacker in Wash., D. C. _____ "Labor has a stern responsi bility to see that demands .'or wage increases are reasonable.” —President Truman. “Then maybe Congressmen would stay in their seats and maintain decorum.”—Rep. M. T. I Bennett, Missouri, urging soft chairs in the House. • ■— ■■ .. “The processes of reconversion have been seriously set jack jy a combination of OPA policies and labor disturbances.”—P. H. Nystrom, Prof, of Marketing, Columbia Univ. "Smoking is generally ac cept ea .oday.”—School. Supt. F. A. Talbot. Oak Tree. N. J.. per mitting teachers to rise tobacco. wrath of the groups who insist that the best results can be obtained the other way around. Thus hampered the lives and property of citizens con tinue in jeopardy with little chance of a quick solution. for Security BUY UNITED STATES SAVINGS ^BONDS i AND STAMPS ! BSBPixsHiMZiinronrr? Now is the Time to Insulate Your Home CALL... SIMPSON INSULATION GO —KEnwood 6442 - Authorized Johns-Mansville Contractors W --/ Subscribe Today! Read The Greater OMAHA GUIDE Classified Ads Get Results* tSS3fd6S&98dfi&«&4S&4&&‘&&-& '.*\ *.*.* **,* **** ******** ****** **. (SINGER SEWING MACHINE Co. 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OWEN, Deceased NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN: That the creditors of said deceased will meet the administrator of said estate, before me, County Judge of Douglas County- Nebraska, at the County Court Room, in said County on the 4th day of December, 1945 and on the 4th day of February 1946 at 9 o'clock A- M-, each day, for the purpose oi presenting their claims for examination, adjustment and allowance- Three months are allowed for the creditors to present their claims, from the 3rd day of November 1945 ROBERT TROYER, County Judge• Omaha Guide. 3t begin 11-10-45, end 12-1, 45 W. B. BRYANT, Atty. PROBATE NOTICE Bk. 65, P. 464. IN THE MATTER OF THE ES TATE OF NELLIE CLARK, De ceased. NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN; That the creditors of said deceased will meet the Administratrix of said estate before me. County Judge of Douglas Cointy, Nebraska at the Court Room, In said County, on the 2nd day of January, 1946 and on the 2nd day ot March, 1946, at 9 o’clock A. 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