Fundamentals Needed In Postwar Education Courses Must Be Centered Around Core of Subjects Stressing Human Relations; Physical Build-up Also Important. By BAUKHAGE News Analyst and Commentator. WNU Service, 1616 Eye Street, N.W., Washington, D. C. (This is the second of two articles on the “new reconversion,” this one in education.) In a previous column I laid before you the vital need of reconverting our educational system if America is goirfg to meet the challenge of other ideologies to the faith in our democratic institutions. I pointed out how poorly many of our occupa tion forces are testifying to their democratic convictions in the face of the geniality of our former ene mies. I took you into the office of Com missioner of Education John Stude baker ' who pointed out to me how reconverting educationally is as im portant as reconverting industrially if we are going to meet the problems of the day. Dr. Studebaker said that this could be achieved by making a solid core of education available to all. Such a core would be com posed of certain basic studies which educators believe are essential to a solidarity of democratic thought. The commissioner of education sees this core as a reinforcement of men tal iron in the moral structure of the nation. When you talk about making this core available to all, that is not the corrfplete picture. Men like Doctor Studebaker would have this group of basic studies required of all stu dents, not just made available to them. And thereby, say the tradition alists, hangs a threat to the elective system under which many institu tions of learning have been comfort ably educating students. Under the system of free choice, College Joe and College Jane could pick the courses their hearts desired. If their hearts desired a little extra sleep in the morning, they could pick classes that would not require early rising. If extra-curricular activities were particularly heavy one semester, they did not have to take economics which was hard when Turkish archi tecture was a snap. Too many students have been com ing out of our institutions of learn ing without a basic concept of what our democracy is all about, say the educators who are crying for recon version. If they don’t select the courses that will give them that con cept, they must be required to take them, these same men say—the fu ture of our way of life is at stake. Education Vital Force in State It is a well-known fact that before the Nazis ever dreamed of world conquest they first restrained by force, those who were too old or too wise to accept Nazi indoctrination. The more malleable minds of the young were filled with the false doc trines of subordination to the state, race hatred and exaltation of might. Their other anti-democratic and anti - Christian principles were poured into the youth until there was produced a state in which the controlling element of the population was fanatically loyal to Naziism. Democracy and Christian princi ples once instilled can produce just as strong a loyalty, just as enduring a faith, but there is a minimum cf instruction in their true meaning that must be made available to ev eryone—more than that, that should be required study of everyone who would be a good citizen. This is the first way in which the destruc tive forces which are working against democracy can be arrested. And so Doctor Studebaker pre sents the idea of a “core” around which can be built an understand ing of the whole democratic system; how its parts can be fitted into one another and into a world which must either be closely integrated or ex plosively antagonistic. There is not space here to consid er the details of the composition of this core. Two examples of the type of studies which Doctor Studebaker feels are essential, and which must be taught much more comprehen sively and for a longer period than they are now, was given in the first article. They are economics and geography. There must be basic understandings and skills in the field of language. By that the com missioner means the channels by which we communicate and are communicated with—reading, writ ing, listening, speaking. Since radio broadcasts are heard daily by multi plied millions, critical listening should be a vital part of the basic educational program. Since freedom of expression is an essential attribute of a democracy, citizens need to develop critical thinking in order to evaluate the powerful influence of communica tion and propaganda constantly brought to bear on them. War Exposes Academic Weaknesses During the war, certain major weaknesses in our educational sys tem were bluntly exposed. Total re jections in the war for physical, psychiatric and educational reasons have been almost as numerous as the number of men who served in the army overseas. We may or may not need our young men to fight another war, but regardless of this, we need to improve school pro grams of health and physical educa tion, including the early discovery of remediable defects to be corrected by family physicians and public health agencies. A nation that would be strong, must be strong physi cally. Military authorities have also found a major weakness in the work of the schools in the failure to re quire older students to carry mathe matics to the point of practical mas tery. The natural sciences gained a larger place in the field of educa tion during the war, and they should continue to do so, according to Com missioner Studebaker. No adequate understanding of our civilization is possible without considerable knowl edge of them. Moreover, many careers in trade, technical, profes sional and scientific pursuits, w. er of industry, business or agricul ture, are handicapped without a thor ough scientific groundwork, laid in the elementary and secondary schools and for many, continued in the colleges and universities. But one of the most basic seg- ! ments of the core, in the opinion of | Dr. Studebaker, should be made up ' of the social studies. It is upon this group that we have leaned most heavily in training for responsible citizenship — and this must con tinue. History and the other social studies are essential to the ground ing of our citizens in the American tradition of political liberty, a knowledge of the structure of our republican form of government, and a firm attachment to the democratic faith, Doctor Studebaker says. I said that it is the belief of im portant educators that a core of this type must become a “must” in the curricula of the nation, thereby casting overboard the traditional elective system whereby a student is given pretty much free choice in what he will study. This new ap proach is emphasized in one of the most widely quoted documents of re cent publication, the Harvard study entitled, “General Education in a Free Society.” This work has startled a number of people coming as it does from the institution that saw the elective system reach its most extreme form, for it recom mends the abandonment of that sys tem. In this document, the chief priest of the elective system points out the weaknesses of that long-cher ished method. Of course, it is one thing to set up curricula that will insure the fact that those attending school will get the basic studies. It is another to see that these required subjects are made available to all. Is it possible to produce and democratically dis tribute this basic core to all Amer ica? Not yet. That is another must in the new reconversion. The ex penditures now made on this price less commodity are inadequate. But I am not dealing here with the fi nances of education. That is a subject in itself. Suffice it to say that even with greater funds this product, as blue-printed by the ex perts, cannot be produced in the existing plants any more than the peacetime models and types of in dustrial commodities can be pro duced by machines equipped for war • production. Nor is the personnel and i the training of that personnel ade I quate. i BAKBS . . . by B aukh a ge I Hall the communities in the United States are not reached by a railway, says the automobile manu facturing association. They have to roll on rubber instead of rails. • • * • Last year more people were killed by accidents in the rural areas than in the cities. There were more automobile collisions in the rural and small-town areas. Why? The highest suicide rate among women is found in Japan and Ger manic countries. Maybe their own wives didn’t like 'em any better than the Allies did. . . . At the army air forces center in Orlando. Fla., they are perfecting motor vehicles which will operate over the snow. Query: where do they get the snow in FI rina’’ Fine Quality Job Printing CARDS, LETTER HEADS, PERSONAL STATIONERY, HAND BILLS — ANYTHING PRINTABLE... JUST CALL HA-0800 or better still Come to 2420 Grant Street Pops Miller takes Gene Burton to the Top! New York, New York (Special by Lou Swarz) Gene Burton, very promising young crack lightweight fighter, is ram going to the Top of the ladder in the Fistic world un der the careful guidance of Pops Miller. Pops is well known in the | Sports' Whir^ having been tutor of I Ray Robinson, and having handled j the late Tigers Flowers, middle. | weight Champ of the world; and ; also having assisted Beau Jack who I at one time was light weight champ “SEVEN KEYS TO BALDPATE" This is a scene taken from the olay, “Seven Keys to Baldpate” to be presented by the November sen ior graduating class of Technical High school. The play will be pre | sented November 14, 15. and 17. [ T he characters are from left to right; Azalee Thomas, as Myna Thornhill; Bob Pettit as Bland; Bill Bauer as William Mageej and Wallace Welch as Lou Max. N V. 21,1945 AN IMPORTANT DATE FOR thousands of ARMY VETERANS NOW IN CIVILIAN LIFE Between now and November 21, thousands of Army veterans will reenlist in Uncle Sam’s new volun teer peacetime Army. Because — men who have been discharged be tween May 12 and November 1 of this year and reenlist on or before November 21 will be able to return to the Army with the same grade as they held when discharged. Men with six months of satisfac tory service discharged as privates will, on reenlistment before Novem ber 21, be given the grade of private first class. Men now in the Army who apply for discharge after NOVEMBER 1 for the purpose of reenlisting in the Regular Army will also retain their present grades, if they enlist within 20 days after discharge and before FEBRUARY 1, 1946. BEST JOB IN THE WORLD" These special privileges are typical of the new law recently passed by Congress. Few opportunities for a lifetime career offer as many attrac tive advantages. Can you think of any other job that would give you good pay, your food, clothing, quarters, free med ical and dental care, world-wide travel, 30 days’furlough every year, education and training in any of nearly 200 skills or trades, and enable you to retire with a life in come any time after 20 years’ se rvice? There isn't any! That’s why a job in the Regular Army has been called "The Best Job in the World.” HIGHLIGHTS OF THE NEW ENLISTMENT PROGRAM 1. Enlistments for 1 Vi, 2 or 3 years. (1-year enlistments permitted for men with 6 months’ service.) 2. Men reenlisting retain their present grades, if they Teenlist with in 20 days after discharge and before Feb. 1, 1946. The same applies to men discharged between May 12 and Nov. 1, 1945, who reenlist before Nov. 21, 1945. 3. An increase in the reenlistment bonus to $50 for each year of active service since the bonus was last paid, or since last entry into service. 4. 20% extra pay when overseas. 5. Paid furlough, up to 90 days, depending on length of service, with furlough travel paid to home and return, for men now in the Army who enlist. 6. Mustering-out pay (based upon length of service) to all men who are discharged to reenlist. 7. Option to retire at half pay for the rest of your life after 20 years’ service — or three-quarters pay after 30 years. (Retirement income in grade of Master or First Sergeant up to $155.25 per month for life.) All previous active federal military ser vice counts toward retirement. 8. Benefits of GI Bill of Rights. 9. Family allowances for the term of enlistment for dependents of men who enlist or reenlist before July 1, 1946. 10. Choice of branch of service and overseas theater in Air, Ground or Service Forces on 3-year enlistments. PAY PER MONTH — ENLISTED MEN In Addition to Food, Lodging, Clothes and Medical Care ★ (a)—Plus 20% Increase for Service Overseas, (b) —Plus 50% if Member of Flying Crews. Parachutist, etc. (c) Plus 5% Increase in Pay for Each 3 Years of Service. Master Sergeant or First Sergeant Technical Sergeant Staff Sergeant . Sergeant . Corporal . Private First Class Private . MONTHLY startle RETIREMENT BasePay INCOME AFTER: Per 20 Years’ 30 Years' Month Service Service 5138.00 #89.70 #155.25 114.00 74.10 128.25 96.00 62.40 108.00 78.00 50.70 87.75 66.00 42.90 74.25 54.00 35.10 60.75 50.00 32.50 56.25 SEE THE JOB THROUGH reenust now at your nearest A» H Rau' u. S. ARMY RECRUITING STATION . S. ARMY poST flFF!CE El.,LD|S6 ••GUARDIAN OF VICTORY” AIR. GROUND. SERVICE FORCES OlHH.ll?., NeDF. Silcl Nebraskans To View Victory Loan Train Specials Two of the six Victory Loan special trains touring the nation in support of the Victory Loan Drive will be in Nebraska during the drivei a demonstration of the might of the Armed Forces and a tribute to the people who have supported _ them through their purchase of bonds. First of the trains, carrying pick ed navy personnel and an exhibit that includes helicopters, radar, an LVT, a Norden bombsighfc and oth er top-flight military secrets of the war, will be in Lincoln, Saturday, ; H. W. Smith’s Weekly Waiter’s Column If you have any news about waiters, or anything pertaining to them or their routine of living, call H. W. Smith—HA-0800 and give him the news... The Waiters Key club invites the public and their friends at all tim es to come up ana enjoy themselves Mr. Millard Carr and Mr. Glover Scott, two ex-servicemen and two streamlined roast beef knights are doing the honors at the OAC. ' The RR boys are on the job on service! Ed Craig and H. W. Smith met on 24th and Lake street. Blackstone hotel waiters very much out in front on fine service. Head the Greater Omaha Guide for all the News! Fontenelle hotel waiters topping the service at all times! Paxton hotel head waiters and crew improving on the service at -I of the world. Gene won a decision over Doll Rafferty recently at the Gardens in Pittsburgh; boxed a Draw with | Sammy Angott, former NBA. light weight Champ also in Pittsburgh; and although lost a close decision to Ike Williams present NBA light weight Champ title holder, was praised by the critics who witness ed the bout. Several critics stat ed that the fight should have been Burton’s, and that he had made Ike look like a chump instead of a I champ. , Pops Miller, manager and trainer of Gene says. “Gene is ready to compete with any crack light weight here in Madison Square Gar den and we are waiting patiently because he has plenty of time.1’ In a conversation with Wanda Macy, young actress and dancer, both Pops Miler and his fighter. Gene Burton> made it very clear that nothing will stand in the way of this young (2t year old) prom ising fighter's going to the top. His next fight is schedule^ for Pittsburgh where fight fang anx iously await his return, and show him that he is their favorite. PILLED GI OUT OF PACIFIC East Moline, 111., Special CFI photo to The Omaha Guide from Leslie Swanson_Pal. a French poodle, is more than a pal to T-5 Arthur Grammens of East Moline, who obtained the dog while he was stationed in Hawaii. Pal took ov er the job of “personal bodyguard" During maneuvers off an island. Grammens was ordered to swim to a designated point in the ocean and return to shore. As he plunged in to the water Pal followed. "I » swam to the objective without too much trouble", said Grammens, "hut when returning I became too weak to go on. All I could do was grab Pal who sized up the situation and pulled me into shore." Gram mens entered the service in 1941 and was stationed overseas three and a half years. / Now is the Time to Insulate Your Home CALL... SIMPSON INSULATION GO —KEnwood 6442— Authorized Johns-Mansville Contractors ._J all times. Waiters at the Regis hotel and the White Horse Inn always on the improve on smiles and service. 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CARDUI jft «CC Ultl P4WCCTIOWS November 17. from 8 am. to 9 pm. i for public inspection at the CB&Q railroad station. A second train is scheduled for | three later Nebraska showings, at I North Platte on December 8 Grand 9 Island, December 9; and Omaha. December 19, for all-day exhibit.! 1 All will be free to public inspection All military personnel on the trains are returned combat veterans who have volunteered for this service. The crew consists of 25 officers and i petty officers representing Navy! Marine Corps, and Coast Guard. The Navy's ‘‘Gold Train" will be on exhibit in Lincoln; its “Blue! Train” will make the later Nebras- ] ka showings. While the trains are similar in most respects, the "Gola Train” features a five-inch naval gun from the USS Tirante, a sub marine that had an outstanding re cord in two fighting tours in the j Pacific war; the "Blue Train" car i ries the four-inch gun from the USS | WARD. Both carry an exact re. plica of the bronze plaque placed i board the USS MISSOURI'S deck, commemorating Japan's surrender. Flat cars, joined together so that their outline presents the appear ance of a submarine will carry the exhibits. The exact model of the gun that soht down 32 Jap planes in 30 minutes, will provide special interest to visitors to the Navy Vic I • Invisible Belt Keeps shirt or blouse tail snug ly tucked in, holds garment up and firm around the waist, $2.25. Money-back guarantee. State waistline: Schneider’s, 3059 St. Mary’s Ave: AT-4171. large: load preferred Kindling per load $5 00 klackstoxe: LUMP COAL $1160 per ton 11 JONES FUEL & SUPPLY Company 2520 Lake Street Phone AT-5631 tory Loan Specials. Othe1- *’ CESS Ointment has been proved for over WO yean. Try it on the guarantee of satisfaction or money back, 25c (Economy 75c size contains 4 times a* much). At all stores or from E. T. Browne Drug Co., \ 127 Water St., New York City. 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