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About The Omaha guide. (Omaha, Neb.) 1927-19?? | View Entire Issue (Sept. 15, 1945)
EDITORIAL - COMMENT Plain Talk... I BY DAN GARDNER) ON WHAT THEY CALL US AND WHAT WE WANT TO BE CALLED: Among the many plagues affecting the Negro A merican is the one involving identity and the prop er racial designation. There are some who want to be known as Negroes. And there are others who say they are colored. Some prefer the designation, Afro-American, and still others want to be known as Race Men and Women. Most southern whites know what they want to call us and arbitrarily call ' all of us “nigger”. They see no reason why it , should be something else and take pride in the em ployment of the term, pronouncing it, in some cases with actual affection. The adept manner in which the southern white uses the appellation is also shared with most dominant white racial stocks, in cluding the British, German, Irish, Italian and the Dutch. All seem to relish the usage of the term, ‘ ‘nigger. ’ ’ “Nigger” is a nasty word. It is the root of inter racial friction because of the things it indies. The white man’s interpretation runs the gamut in his use of the abhored designation. Sometimes he wants Negroes to feel the full impact of what he means and uses the word in such a manner as to convey the idea that the object is low, dirty, degrad ed, evil, etc. Sometimes he wants it known that , when he says “nigger” he means his “dear old mam mv” or “old Uncle Tom” who bowed to death wait ing on his father and mother back home on the old plantation. Foreigners such as the British, Ger man and Dutch call the brown and dark racial stocks “nigger” contemptuously and with the idea of conveying racial supremacy, as does, incidental ly, the American white man. Singled out partic ularly for identification with “nis^er” are all Afri can stocks of whatever shade recognizable. The word “nigger” is also one which Negroes use increasingly among themselves. Highly educated Negroes of culture, position and1 money find the ex ression commonplace in polite conversation and seem to get the satisfaction out of using it among themselves or in conversation with Negroes of a lower level as a farmer gets out of a chew of Browns ' Mule or old Aunt Hannah got out of good lip-full of Garrett’s snuff. Negro school kids from the time they learn to talk pick up the word “nigger” and make it a permanent part of their vocabularies. In fact, “nigger” has been put unconsciously into our thinking and while most Negroes who use the term do not mean to convey the implications put into it by the white man, nevertheless, “nigger” is part and arcel of our racial vocabulary, whether we like it or not. i Although we use the word so extensively, we, individually an collectively will fight at the drop of a hat if we are called “nigger” by a white man, or for that matter, by a mulatto Negro fair enough to pass (if he uses it in the manner of the southern white). Unwittingly the white man, in establish ing the word “nigger” as an international standard of racial identity for a so-called inferior group, has created a situation in which careers in combatting the word have been launched. Yes, there are hun dreds of Negroes, who whether they realize it or not have dedicated their life work to eradicating the word “nigger” from th vocabularies of the nation. Many of our top race rights organizations are in reality founded on continual campaigning against the causes of the term, “nigger”, and its use by white people. We have had and still have noted 3 orators, social workers, ministers and others who are on the firing line, battling daily against the use of the word “nigger”, yet, in private or among themselves, one can hear the term freely used. All this bring up the question: wliat actual harm does the word do? Does it black the eye, kick the pants, ‘ shoot, burn, maim, or blind its objective? Are we . reduced in stature or changed hysically when called1 such a name by a white man and remain as we are when a Negro calls us the same thing? There’s a lot of head-scratching that can be done about this matter. If we solve this problem: what shall we be called, it seems that the way will be cleared for the greatest advancement era in our history. It would appear that there has been such wasted time spent on figuring out what we are, why and what *we want to be called. If half that time were devoed to being practical, in gotting things, saving money, developing poise, and racial cohesiveness, our battle would have more prospect of being won quickly. In other words, the time we spend fight ing against a word could be used constructively for our advancement. Thev called the Jew everything throughout the history of the world, yet he continu ed to advance until today he enjoys international power and presige and thus can leisurely take up the squabble about being called “kike” or “sheeny” During the days of his pilgrimage from Egypt of bondate and oppression, however, he discarded things that overburdened his advance and among them were the useless fights that expend necessary 1 energy that could go into something else. Jl'DGE GOLDSTEIN PROPOSES JIM CROWLESS NEW YORK New York (CNS) Speaking at an anti-Bilbo mass movement. Judge Jonah J. Goldstein. Republican-Ub eral-Fusion candidate for Mayor | outlined a New York City Anti-Dtti 1 crimination Committee to investi- j gate all City departments and all City subsidized agencies for dis criminatory practices. “If democracy can’t work in this city, it surelycannotworkanywhere" he said. I _k_i___ Allied Occupation of | Germany Thankless Job Methods for Restoring Normalcy to Reich ' Meet With Criticism From Smaller Liberated Nations of Europe. By BAUKHAGE News Analyst and Commentator. WNU Service, 16X6 1 Street N. W., Washington, D. C. With the fanfare accompanying the first steps of the occupation of Japan now dying on the Pacific breezes, some hints of the heavy responsibili ties of Uncle Sam’s European problems begin to appear. Already the small nations wtych were occupied by the Axis and whose peoples resisted the Nazi-Fas cist yoke are being heard from in a rising chorus of complaint and criticism against the Allies. Belgium and Holland are perhaps loudest in their charges of what they feel is discrimination against them in favor of their former enemy neighbor, but voices are raised as far away as Greece and Yugoslav ia, which say that Germany and Italy should not receive material assistance on the same basis as the once-occupied countries. The charges from Holland are the most specific. The Netherlands gov ernment has presented claims for a share in both the external and in ternal assets of Germany as repara tions. The note handed the Allies asks for immediate return of loot now within the occupied zones in Germany, which the Dutch claim is listed and identifiable. They say that parts of their country were stripped bare of capital and consumer goods; that some of the former, such as machinery, is now being used to the advantage of the Germans. In addition to the formal protest. Col. J. C. A. Faure, deputy chief of staff of the Netherlands civil affairs administration, was quoted in Lon don as saying that the Allied mili tary governors were playing into German hands when they prevented the Dutch, Belgians and French from reclaiming immediately ma chinery and other property stolen from them by the Nazi armies. He said that protests to SHAEF, while it existed, were fruitless “and when the new child (the British and American occupation organization) was born it was too young.” He ex plained it was understandable that since the Allied commanders in their respective spheres have their hands full in creating order out of chaos in Germany, each wants to do a good job, and for that reason doesn’t want to lose any material aid that will help. But that doesn’t provide much comfort for the Dutch or Belgian farmer who looks across the fron tier and sees a German peasant driv ing home a cow which he swears he knows is his by its crumpled horn and the spot on its rump. The same applies to the factory owner who is positive his property is turning wheels in Germany. Army Aim: Speed Job From sources in close touch with conditions in Germany I heard this example which pretty well echoes Dutch explanations but doesn’t solve their problem. For instance: An Al lied commander moves into a Ger man town. One of the first things ae wants is light and power. His men repair the power plant. Later It is claimed that the main dynamo was stolen from Holland. That is aot the commander’s affair. Light ing the town is. His job is to re store the place as nearly as possible to a self-supporting community. But that is not the end, for the restoration of European economy as a whole is of vital importance and naturally those nations which suf fered under the German heel feel they should have first call on the sinews of normality, especially when those sinews were torn from heir body economic by Nazi hands. On this score there have already seen rumblings of complaint against he American occupation. Already he wheels of German factories are uming in the American zone. The wrpose is to manufacture goods md provide services required to reep the occupation forces going and o supply the minimum needs of the immunity. The Germans have to have shovels ind hoes and rakes if they are to ill their fields and cultivate their ;ardens in order to get enough food 0 live on. These tools, if made and :old, would be in competition with ;oods the Americans make. But here are not enough ships to carry 1 vast supply of such products ■cross the Atlantic and besides America has a big waiting demand of her own. Therefore, in many cases German capital may be used to resuscitate German factories and Germany money will buy its prod ucts. The Americans are doing ev erything to facilitate this type of re construction (light industry and manufacture of household equip ment). If necessary and they can do it, they will see that a missing shaft or flywheel is obtained some how. They permit the Germans to combine partly damaged factories into one complete plant. They en courage reconversion of certain plants from wartime to civilian use. It so happens that of all the occu pied zones the one which the Ameri cans control is capable of creating most easily a balanced economy. It is a land of small towns an8 vil lages, most of which were not im portant enough to have been bombed. It is a land of cattle and of orchards, of fields and meadows. It is highly probable that with American organization to guide the people this area will be the first to regain a fairly normal life. If we don’t help the Germans, we’ll be criticized for fumbling; the occupation will be made more dif ficult. If we do help, we will be under heavy criticism from the peo ples of less fortunate areas and charged with treating the former enemy better than we treat our friends. The British operate in a far less favorable area, for they have the bombed-out Ruhr on their hands and they control a territory whose exist ence depended on industries which no longer exist and which will not be permitted to exist in the future. Such factories as they can operate to make the community self-sup porting may well be equipped in part with stolen machinery. Russ Strip German Industry The pattern of Russian occupation is quite different. The Russians know what they are doing in their zone. They are treating the “little people” with kindliness, assuring them that they need have no fear of oppres sion. Their apparent intention is to divide up the land and give the Ger mans a chance to win a livelihood from the soil, meanwhile giving them a thorough indoctrination in the advantages of the Soviet form of , government. At the same time they are removing every movable piece of machinery to Russia. Meanwhile, Poland will be allowed to scrape together such German ag ricultural equipment as she can sal vage in East Prussia. Disease is rampant in Poland; there are short ages in all kinds of equipment. The Germans took most of the agricul tural machinery; much of the rest was destroyed and the whole coun try wrecked. The other next-door neighbors have not even such an opportunity to recuperate their losses. And so the Americans will prob ably bear the onus of helping the for mer enemy most of all, although their only intent is to carry out the program agreed upon by the Allies. America wants no loot. She does want all she can get in the way of important formulae; all she can learn of German methods; all of the ideas which can be adapted success fully to American life. Already some valuable scientific information has been obtained and in many cases the German scientists, with that disinterested attitude character istic of their profession, are quite as willing to work in an American lab oratory as they were in one run by the Nazis. America also wants to finish her occupation job and get out. A part of that job is to make the Germans self-supporting. Thus, it is quite likely that an other complaint will be raised that we are forming too friendly a bond ' with people of a nation the world came to detest so thoroughly. • * • In the years 1940-43, a total of 7,851 persons were killed in farm accidents in the U. S. Machinery caused 47 per cent of the deaths, livestock 20 per cent, and all other causes 33 per cent. Wisconsin was the most dangerous state for farm workers, with 502 killed in four years; and New York had 456 acci dental farm deaths. BARBS . . . by Baukhage Now that we can get ’em by the :arton, a lot of us will go back to i pack a day and be satisfied. • • • The administration is approach ng the proposed labor - manage nent - government conference with 'loves on — not boxing gloves, but hat is what they are afraid they night need unless the animals are amed in advance. Business Week predicts a boom by next summer. Remember ’29 — what goes up comes down. Mean while there may be tough going. Which is another good argument for keeping those war bonds and buy ing mare. • * * The honeymoon may be over in Washington but the bills are just coming in to congress. OCCUPY RICH LAND: The first Japanese soil to feel the impact of American occupation rom« within a region which would have been a prime military prize while the war was on. Atsugi airport, where the Yanks landed, lies in the southwest section of the Kwanto or Tokyo plain, nor mally Japan’s most productive farm and industrial region. Nearly 10 miles inland from Sagami bay, this site is only 20 miles southwest of the capita] and largest city, Tokyo. Insect Repellents DDT is the most effective insecti cide yet tried for bedbug control, ac cording to information to the Na tional Association of Housing Of ficials. This fact was determined at the end of an eight months’ experi ment, involving more than 3,000 in fested dwelling units in 35 develop ments throughout the country. In most cases, it was found, hous ing units treated with a 4 per cent solution of DDT in deodorized kero sene are protected against reinfesta tion for »t least 90 days. ^loum R&pxvit&i in WASHINGTON By Walter Shead WNU Corrtipondtnt WNU Washington Bureau 621 Union Trust Building Peace Brings Problems HAT was expected to be a short time of comparative re laxation with the congress in recess here in Washington, turned out to be a period of tenseness and sol emnity, punctuated by one wild hilarious Victory celebration. Now, with congressmen back from their shortened vacation, everything is bustle and activity to cope with the expected emergency due to sudden peace. What was predicted to happen— has happened. The end of the Jap war came before congress expected it would come, and the country finds itself in the predicament of unpre paredness for peace and reconver sion. While plans for reconversion on all the home fronts will occupy the minds of congress and heads of gov ernmental units here, there is one factor the members of congress learned about out in their home towns during their vacation. It will have an important bearing upon what they do, and how soon, toward preparing the nation for peacetime economy. And that important factor is impatience in the minds of the > American people. Leaders here see ahead a public sentiment which will brook no fumbling at the hands of congress. During wartime the people have re mained as a unit, held in check by the spirit of patriotism. But the small gripes and irritations which the people stood for in wartime will develop into full-blown bellows in peacetime, since the general public is pretty well fed up on restrictions and regimentation. Members of congress found out that this spirit is rampant. They also found out from returning veterans that they are ready to take their places in civilian ranks, eager and willing to say just what they think. They know what they want, and in all probability some 7,000,000 or 8,000, 000 of them will be home by this time next year, ready to play their part in the 1946 elections. And that part may be troublesome to some congressmen. Only Small Slump Whatever the congress does to ease the nation into a peace time economy with as little a jolt as possible, leaders here see months of uncertainty, with at least some unemployment, some idle fac tories ahead. They do not expect a downswing comparable to the de pression of the early 1930s. As a matter of fact, there may be no more unemployment than there was in 1938 and 1939 before we entered the war and the nation became geared to wartime production. But whatever happens, there will be la bor dislocations during the fall and winter months which will lower pur chasing power and cause consider able lag in peacetime production. The first thing President Truman wants from congress is the power to reorganize and streamline the gov ernmental agencies. Immediately upon his return from Potsdam, the President sharply reversed the poli cy of Chairman Krug of the WPB, who was inclined to let indus try scramble for itself. So WPB will continue to allocate materials and machines to civilian industries with the idea of making as many jobs as possible. The President also wants action on the full-employment bill, and on his recommendation for emergency unemployment compen sation for workers laid off due to war cut-backs. War orders were cut overnight about $33,000,000,000, more than one-half the total, and the heaviest hit were the airplane and ship - building industries. In other (jvords, war orders, which have been amounting to approximately $45,000, 000,000 annually, will be reduced to $10,000,000,000 by January, 1946. Labor’s Demands The powerful labor lobby already is busy demanding of congress the full-employment bill; the bill raising minimum wages from 45 to 65 cents an hour; a permanent fair employ- I ment practice committee; the Mur ray Missouri Valley authority meas ure and additional valley authorities on other rivers; the Wagner-Murray amendments to the social security act; the bill providing for allotments and improvements of feeder high ways; the airport improvement bill backed by the CAA; the equal pay bill for women; and a national hous ing program. It is also urging the government to indorse the principle of the guaranteed annual wage. Agriculture has some 20 bills in the congressional hopper, but the de partment of agriculture will place its heaviest backing in favor of the school lunch bill; the Flanagan bill to combine farm credit and farm se curity agencies into an independent I agency; the Lucas REA bill, but minus the Shipstead amendment which makes REA an independent agency; the Langer bill taking the lid off size of debts which the de partment may adjust; the Missouri Valley authority bill, and the Aiken food allotment bill similar to the old food stamp plan measure. _ * ' . . , i, I, I FARM TAXES: Average farm real estate taxes per acre increased over 3 per cent from 1943 to 1944, the first increase since the outbreak of the war, with the index of real estate taxes per acre for the U. S. (1909-13-100) ad vancing from 178 in 1943 to 184 in 1944. Since 1934 average taxes per acre have varied within very nar row limits and although the increase in 1944 is the sharpest within this period the index still does not ex ceed the high points for the period which were 186 in 1937 and 1939. ! The Omaha Guide i -4r A WEEKLY NEWSPAPER JL. I l Published hvery Saturday at 2.J20 Grant Street f OMAHA, NEBRASKA—PHONE HA. 0800 ^Entered as Second Class Matter March 15. 1927 at the Post Office at Omaha, Nebraska, under } Act of Congress of March 3, 1879. ^C* C* Galloiviy,— Publisher and Acting Editot f All News Copy of Churches and all organiz- ' | at ions must be in our office not later than l :00 'p. m. Monday for current issue. All Advertising l Copy on Paid Articles, not later than Wednesday noon, proceeding date\of issue, to insure public ation* SUBSCRIPTION RATE IN OMAHA i ONE YEAR . $300 SIX MONTHS . $1.75 THREE MONTHS . $1-25 SUBSCRIPTION RATE OUT OF TOWN ONE YEAR . $3.50 SIX MONTHS . $2.00 National Advertising Representatives— INTERSTATE UNITED NEWSPAPERS, Inc 545 Fifth Avenue, New York City, Phone: — MUrray Hill 2-5452, Ray Peck, Manager fcvHi'.■ 9 ** i« 3S : si .■ m « m I-WEEKLY NEWS ANALYSIS_ Mac Arthur Lands to Rule Japan; Press Demands for Open Airing Of Disaster at Pearl Harbor - Released by Western Newspaper Union - ..■ (EDITOR'S NOTE: When opinions are expressed in these columns, they are those of Western Newspaper Union’s news analysts and not necessarily of this newspaper.) l... mmmmm i imuwj m ~ In conference aboard USS Missouri, Jap navy officers chart Tokyo bay for Admiral Halsey’s staff preparatory to American fleet’s triumphant entry as part of General MacArthur’s occupation force. JAPAN: Mac s Show Cool as a cucumber, Gen. Douglas Mac Arthur stepped from a trans port plane at Japan’s Atsugi air drome 20 miles southwest of Tokyo, smoking his large, corncob pipe. Stopping to look around, he saw the field abuzz with activity, as mem bers of the 11th air borne division, landing from scores of aircraft, busied themselves for the occupa tion. Evidently pleased, Japan’s new boss then made his way forward, stopping to greet Lieutenant Gen eral Eichelberger, chief of the U. S. 8th army, which had fought in the Philippines. “Hello, Bob,” were his first words upon his historic landing on enemy soil. In landing to take over control of Japan, U. S. forces looked upon an extensive scene of devastation in Tokyo and Yokohama, scorched by repeated B-29 and naval carrier raids. Unlike Europe where splin tered masonry cluttered every thing, charred hulks and ashes were all that remained from thousands of Oriental frame buildings. Whole areas were burned out, with only buildings encompassed by spacious walks, lawns or clearings spared from the roaring flames which once swept block upon block. Despite me widespread damage, Japanese held their heads high in contrast to the Germans, who had humbled themselves in an effort to please their conquerors. Peering from windows as G.I.s streamed by, or walking the streets, or setting up temporary shelters from salvaged tin, the little brown people remained perfectly composed with typical Oriental indifference. Promising to match MacAr thur’s landing at Atsugi airfield in sheer drama was the sched uled surrender ceremonies aboard the USS Missouri in Tokyo bay, with Lt. Gen. Jona than Wainwright, rescued from a prison camp in Manchuria, present to witness the capitula tion of the haughty imperial staff which dictated terms to him up on the fall of Corregidor over three years ago. LEND-LEASE: Asks Write-Off In asking congress to write off the 42 billion dollar lend-lease program, constituting 15 per cent of the total U. S. war expense, President Harry S. Truman declared that adequate repayment not only had been made by recipients through their war ef forts, but also through their agree ment to promote international trade through a lowering of tariff and oth er barriers. Further, the chief executive said that if so huge a debt were to be added to the financial obligations al ready incurred by Allied nations, it would react disastrously upon our own trade, decreasing production and employment at home. Whereas there once was talk that the U. S. would retake tanks, trucks or machine tools lend-leased, top of ficials said, little of such material will be retrieved since reclamation would only add to the mounting stockpiles of war surplus in this country. Of the 42 billion dollars of lend-lease, against which the U. S. obtained only 5% billion dollars in corresponding aid, half was in mili tary supplies and the remainder in civilian goods like food. PEARL HARBOR: Rap Report Despite release by army and navy boards of inquiry of 200,000 word re ports covering tne Pearl Harbor disas ter of December 7, 1941, congressional circles remained dissatisfied over findings, demand ing open trials of principals involved and access to infor mation upon which me investigators Gen. Marshall based their conclu sions. No sooner had the reports been made public, adding the names of Gen. George C. Marshall, Ad.-n, Harold C. Stark and former Secre tary of State Cordell Hull to those of Maj. Gen. Walter C. Short and Rear Adm. Husband E. Kimmel for failure to take proper precautions, than Chairman May (Dem., Ky.) of the house military affairs committee declared he would not stand for “any whitewash.” The people are entitled to know the whole truth based on all the facts, he said. On the other side of congress. Senator Taft (Rep., Ohio) asserted the reports left a lot to be told, and full evidence studied by the courts of inquiry should be revealed now that military security no long er is involved. Issuance of the report had other repercussions, too. President Harry S. Truman and Secretary of War Henry Stimson took strong excep tion to the censure of General Mar shall, the two terming criticism of the army chief of staff “entirely un justified” while praising his "great skill, energy and efficiency” throughout the Pearl Harbor epi sode. In naming General Marshall, the investigators charged he failed to keep General Short. Hawaiian army commander, fully advised as to the growing tenseness of the Japanese situation; failed to send him addi tional instructions after the U. S. ultimatum to Tokyo made war in evitable; failed to furnish him on the evening of December 6 and morning of December 7 with critical intelligence indicating a rupture of relations with Nippon, and failed to look into and determine the state of readiness in Hawaii during the crit ical period. Then chief of naval operations but since retired, Admiral Stark was censured for delaying a warning of an impending attack on Pearl Har bor by sending it by cable rather than telephone. The two hours dif ference in transmission would have enabled the navy to make prepara tions for the assault. In singling out Hull, the boards averred that he might have conduct ea negotiations wun Jap Emissaries No mura and Kurusu differently to gain precious time for the army and navy to gird for action. To crown the navy’s negligence. . pointed up by fail- ^ ure to take proper pf JJ1 CL dUllUIli CV UI] after being apprized of a Jap task force’s Cordell Hull presence in near Hawaiian waters, subordinate officers did not report the sinking of an enemy submarine in outer Pearl Harbor the morning of the fateful attack to the army. WAR CRIMES: List Defendants Not as blustery as he was when Germany ruled the European roost, Reichsmarshal Hermann Goering topped the list of 24 Nazis sched uled for trial as war criminals ear ly in October. Named with Goering was a gal axy of former Nazi bigwigs accused of preparing the natiorf financially and industrially for war; scheming diplomatically for advantage; regi menting the nation internally, and leading the German armed legions into attack. Next to Goering, Rudolph Hess, Hitler’s choice for his successor be fore he flew to Scotland in a vain effort to receive Allied support for an attack on Russia, heads up the list of defendants. Close behind are Joachim von Ribbentrop, who, as foreign minister, directed Nazi diplomacy; Martin Bormann, head of the people’s army; Franz von Papen, big shot in German politics and master of international in trigue; Adm. Karl Doenitz, who di rected U-boat warfare, and Field Marshal Wilhelm Kietel, chief of the wehrmacht. Joint U. S.. British, Russian and French plans to try the ac cused before an international military tribunal in the former Nazi shrine of Nuerenberg, how ever, did not meet with the full approval of many distinguished members of the American Bar association. Declaring that Allied procedure was without historical precedent, P. F. Gault, constitutional and inter national law expert, said the sys tem of trial offered a dangerous pat tern which might be followed in the future against the President of the U. S. down to ordinary citizens. Un der procedure established, trials may be held outside the presence of the accused; no appeal is provided against judgment; the tribunal may admit any evidence it wishes, and also determine the relevancy of tes timony. Working Capital Up Well heeled to meet reconver sion problems, U. S. corpora tions possessed almost 47 billion dollars worth of working capital on March 31, the Securities and Exchange commission reported. Of the total of almost 47 bil lion dollars, SEC said nearly 25 billion dollars was in cash on hand or in banks. Holdings of government securities showed a slight drop to almost 20 billion dollars, still substantially in ex cess of tax liabilities of about 16 billion dollars. In addition to current work ing capital, corporations have been promised further incre ments through income and ex cess profits credits; allowances for stepped-up debt retirement of emergency facilities, and pro visions for new figuring of base period returns for excess profit determination. POSTWAR ARMY: Asks Draft Even as President Harry S. Tru man asked for an extension of draft of men 18 through 25 for two-year periods of service to provide re placements for dischargees, both the army and navy announced revi sion of their plans to step up the release of enlisted personnel and of ficers. With congressional sentiment for extension of the draft still lukewarm, Mr. Truman declared that the army would be unable to meet postwar demands through volunteering if dis charges were to continue at hn ap preciable rate to relieve present sol diers from extensive overseas serv ice. To speed up recruiting, how ever, the President recommended that the regular army ceiling of 280,000 be raised and inducements offered volunteers. Meaawhile, the army revealed plans Tor lowering the point-stand ard for discharge from 85 to 80 to bring about release of 6,050,000 G.I.s by next July. Assuming there will be 500,000 new draftees and 300,000 volunteers, army strength would be pegged at 2,500,000 men. In addition to announcing that the point score for enlisted per sonnel would be cut, the army disclosed that officers hereaft er would also be discharged on a general basis rather than after individual review of their need as at present. Further, the army said no men with 60 or more points would be sent over seas and the discharge age would be lowered from 38 years. To help expedite discharges of 2,839,000 men within the next year, the navy announced a revision of its point-scores to include overseas duty. Previously, it had been planned to release between 1,500,000 and 2.500,000 men within 12 to 18 months.