EDITORIAL-COMMENT
THE RIGHT OF WAY
By Ruth Taylor
ONE—GUIDE ...
GREEN FINGERS
By Rtuh Taylor
Happy indeed are those fortunate
people who live close to the land'
where they can watch and tend grow-1
ing things. And doubly fortunate are ,
those with “green fingers” who have ^
a kinship with the elements of na
ture, those at whose touch the earth
blossoms forth.
My grandmother was one of these.
Give her a plot of ground no bigger
than a pocket handkerchief and she
started a garden. It was a haphazard
sort of affair, for flowers bordered
the vegetables and wherever there
was a spare inch of earth, she started
something growing. She was a spend- j
thrift of time and hospitality but a
miser when it came to buying any
thing she could grow. Her garden was
also her joy and her comfort for she
used to say if you had a quick tem
per and an impatient disposition,
there was no Cure like a garden—you
could watch all of life in it and you
learned to wait patiently for the fruit
of your handiwork.
This year we are again urged to go
back to the land, to plant and tend
and harvest from our own soil the
fruit of the earth so that we may all
be well fed. They did not call them i
Victory gardens in pioneer days, nor
in our grandparents' times. They were j
just part of the family task of earning j
a living back in tire days when people!
lived as families, each member, adult
or child, contributing his or her share
to the common welfare. All we are
being asked to do now is just what
those before us did as a matter of
course.
We must tend our gardens care
fully this year. But in our gardens,
both of the soil and of life, we must
take care to plant the right seeds. We
must watch over them, watering with
care, not washing out the young plants
with floods of emotion nor letting
them damp out under the dank chill
of indifference. We must weed out
the false growths, the tares that choke,
the hateful smothering things that
suck the nourishment from the grow
ing foods.
In our gardens let us study the im
mutable laws of nature fulfilling the
destiny of life itself. Let us weed out
our unreasoning hatreds and preju
dices and throw them on the compost
heap or bum them up. Let us grow
only those plants which nourish or
give beauty—and let us border our
gardens with the bright pinks of
friendliness, the fragrant mignonette
of understanding, the purple pansies
of thoughtfulness.
And let us remember that a garden
blooms not for one alone, but for all.
As Henry Van Dyke said, let us make
a garden for our kind feelings with
the gate ever open to those who pass
by.
THE INCOMPREHENSIBLE
One of the incomprehensible traits of our country
is its political practice of seeking to hamper or ob
struct r even destroy, through governmental action,
private industries on which its prosperity and eco
nomic well-being depend. Such practices are always
disguised by their political proponents as in the inter
ests of the people.
For example, the United States would be as help
less as a bug on itsjback if its railroad system was
crippled. Well knowing this, our law-making bodies
for years sanctioned, at public expense, so-called
cheap river transport for the avowed purpose of tak
ing business away from the railroads. The only rea
son the railroads were not hurt seriously was be
cause the public did not want the river transport. It
was too slow.
Commenting on this practice of sinking millions
in the rivers for political purposes, Senator Reed of
Kansas, says: “There is little of this river transpor
tation that is justified. It is only cheap because it is
paid for by the taxpayers. ... If a private company
promoted the Missouri River, seeking to induce peo
ple to invest money based on the report of the Army
engineers, it would be subject to prosecution by the
post office department for using the mails to de
fraud.”
oft. GETTING BOWLED OVER, \
bv Babe Ruth ih
THE l9z8 SERIES
■ -- -— - ■ | r ,
Plans Reorganization
Of Labor Department
New Secretary Undertakes Task to Knit '
Activities of Over 20 Agencies; Seeks
To Avert Vet-Union Row.
By BAUKHAGE
News Analyst and Commentator.
WNU Service, Union Trust Building,
Washington, D. C.
It took Hercules just one day to
clean the stables where one wealthy
but not too sanitary man had kept
10,000 oxen. At least that is the way
I heard it at my father’s knee. Since
my father pioneered in Washington
state in the early '90s, I wish he
were here now to witness another
Washingtonian doing a Herculean
| job which he hopes to finish by Sep
) tember 1.
I refer to Secretary Schwellen
bach, whose assignment is to put
the department of labor in order. He
isn’t going to have to do much clean
ing out, but he has been tidying up
so that he can bring back under his
aegis most of a score of prodigal
agencies, all having to do with la
bor, which are scattered all over the
District of Columbia and points
north and west.
Most of the labors of Hercules
were decidedly thankless ones and
were given him for spite because his
stepmother, Juno, didn’t like her
husband’s extra-curricular children.
Schwellenbach’s job is thankless
enough, but it wasn’t given to
Secretary Schwellenbaeh
j him for spite. It was given to him
j by his old friend, Harry Truman,
because the President believed that,
like Hercules, Schwellenbach could
deliver. He was a popular, hard
working senator. He was a popular,
hard-working judge. The requests of
goddesses and presidents are com
mands, so the judge laid aside his
robe, rolled up his sleeves and
started in.
The first thing he found out when
he reached the palatial “stables”
on Constitution avenue was that tak
ing care of administrative matters
would keep any labor secretary as
busy as Augeas should have been
with his 3,000 oxen. No wonder no
body quite dared to try to corral the
20-some agencies, rightly under the
authority of the department. To ad
minister them would under the
present set-up be an impossible
job. And so they grew up with their
own public relations departments,
their own statistical services and le
gal advisors, separate entires all
going their own sweet, if sometimes
conflicting, way.
So the first thing that Schwellen
bach did was to get together a small
group who knew the department,
who knew organization and who
knew Washington, to find out if
something couldn’t be done to knit
the functions cf the department
more closely together so the head
man wouldn’t have to sign all the
travel orders and decide whether
there was enough ice in the iced
tea in the cafeteria; and attend to
other trivia which might better be
delegated.
This was the first step in prepar
ing the old home to absorb its prodi
gal children. When the new secre
tary arrived in his panneled office,
he called the staff of the depart
ment together and said he knew
that everyone agreed that there
had to be a reorganization and that
each division head also probably
agreed that his own group didn’t
need to be tampered with. Then he
went ahead.
As this is written it is hoped that
the report of the crew of investiga
tors and a pimilar study of the
extra-mural activities will be com
pleted soon so that a comprehensive
report will be laid on President Tru
man’s desk by the first of Septem
ber. "
Reorganization
Touchy Problem
The next step would logically be
an executive order from the Presi
dent embodying the Schwellenbach
report to make the suggested
changes. With his war powers, the
President wouldn’t have to ask the
pleasure of congress. But President
Truman doesn’t want the changes
he makes to be temporary affairs.
Like every other president since
Grover Cleveland, he has requested
powers to reorganize the govern
ment and never has congress of
fered a carte-blanche go-ahead.
Such a bill is pending in congress
now. However, if the suggestions
made by Secretary Schwellenbach
were considered reasonable, they
might be put into a bill and passed.
In any case they will probably be
presented before the other measure
authorizing wider presidential au
thority is considered.
In the meantime, labor itseii is
tending to cloud the atmosphere in
sofar as acceptance of any efforts
to restore full, free, collective bar
gaining, which the no-strike pledge
and various wartime restrictions
have virtually suspended. The pub
lic is getting very irritated with vio
lations of the no-strike pledge and
what many feel to be union demands
which, whether or not they appear
fair as between labor and manage
ment, do not take the consumer into
consideration.
Much of the antagonism is due to
the feeling of the men who resented
strikes while they were in the serv
ice. Schwellenbach managed to
smooth out one of the toughest vet
erans versus unions troubles the
country ever witnessed back in his
home state of Washington after the
last war. He admits there is no
doubt that such antagonism exists
now. “We may as well face it,” he
says. But he thinks he can handle it.
One habit which Schwellenbach
wants to break up, and it is as
sumed the President wants him to
break up, is having labor disputes
leap-frog right into the lap of the
White House. Some of the old-line
labor department officials used to
writhe every time a long, hot tele
gram went out such as' some of
those addressed to John Lewis while
the coal strike was going on, which
were signed by President Roosevelt,
but dictated by the War Labor
board, which labor and management
had snubbed. These old-timers felt
that many of the questions could
have been settled with the ma
chinery which already existed with
in the department.
Of course, the War Labor board,
which has had all the tasks com
plicated by the war to perform, will
die with V-J Day.
Vows Impartial
Labor Department
Other separate agencies dealing
with labor will continue. The United
States Employment service and the
apprenticeship and training pro
gram are now part of the War Man
power commission. Social security
is run by the social security board.
If the movement to create a new
department of welfare succeeds, this
new set-up might conceivably ab
sorb social security and also the
children’s bureau, now under the la
bor department.
The National Labor Relations
board, which administers its quasi
judicial functions under the Wagner
act, now independent, would have
its “housekeeping” done by the de
partment—that is, its financing, per
sonnel and such matters would be
under the secretary of labor.
Since Schwellenbach has been in
office he has talked to a whole string
of labor men and a whole string of
management men, too.
“I am not a labor official,” he
says, “I am a public official.”
That pretty well sets up his posi
tion and, as I said, it makes his job,
so far as the lobbies of labor and
management go, about as thankless
as the labors of Hercules. Congress
feels that the labor department is
supposed to look after labor inter
ests and what Judge Schwellenbach
is shooting at is to have it operate
with the impartiality of a court.
But his chief concern now is to con
solidate under one head all govern
ment activities pertaining to labor.
BARBS . . . by Baukhage
A recent photograph mislabeled
“fraternizing” and showing a G.I.
talking to a cute brunette was really
made in England.
* • «
When Prime Minister Attlee was in
San Francisco an old friend he knew
in England years ago invited him
to dinner. There was no maid and
Attlee helped the wife wash the
dishes.
Jap Naval Reserves
The Japanese navy has not yet
reached the bottom of the barrel
with respect to manpower reserves.
Navy recruiting, U. S. officials say,
can still draw on well over 1,500,000
men now engaged in merchant ship
ping and fishing. The present non
naval maritime population of Japan
includes 115.000 holders of mariners’
certificates, 250.000 holders of mari
ners’ service books. In 1937, Japan
had 364.260 fishing boats, of which
66,299 had engines. Fishermen “dis
ciplined to the sea” totaled at least
1,250,000.
Canada expects to get more of
India’s trade than the United States
because it will keep its price con
trols on longer than we do.
• • *
I had the pleasure of making two
philological predictions in the war
which came true: the addition to
readers’ and listeners’ vocabularies
of the words “infiltrate” in the mili
tary sense and “redeployment.”
Heating Unit Costs
In selecting heating equipment for
the home, it should be remembered
that there are two costs—original
and operating—to be considered.
The cheapest heating system from
the standpoint of original first cost
is very likely to be the most expen
sive to operate. The few dollars
difference between dependable, well
made equipment, and something
which will have to be replaced in a
few years is very small when com
pared with the annua] expense of
fuel.
^UecJiatm
iavjt+i
I (lefLfvUesi
gin WASHINGTON
®By Walter Shead
?H WNU Correspondent
id
WNU Washington Bureau
621 Union Trust Building.
Skyrocketing Land Values
FAEPARTMENT of agriculture of
ficials and leaders in the farm
mortgage credit field are more than
a little concerned at the present
trend of rapidly increasing farm
land values which are skyrocketing
in much the same fatal pattern set
during and immediately following
World War I.
Not only is government alarmed
over these soaring values, but pri
vate industry is equally concerned
to such an extent that the Ameri
can Bankers Association is urging
its country bank members to follow
conservative lending policies and to
beware of speculators who would
boost prices "beyond what bona fide
farmers can pay.”
As of July 1. the level of farm
real estate values had risen to an in
dex of 130, or a rise of 53 per cent
since March, 1941, as compared to
an index of 170 in 1920 or a rise of
65 per cent from 1915 to 1920. But
the end of this increase is not yet
in sight and, with guaranteed farm
prices, return of thousands of vet
erans who want farms and relaxa
tion of rationing on farm machinery,
these farm values may equal or
even exceed the “boom” values
which crashed with such devastat
ing effect in 1922 and later.
Farmers Remember ''rash
Many thousands of American
farmers well remember that crash,
when some 450.000 farms, over
capitalized at high per acre prices,
went the foreclosure and forced sale
route. Then from 1926 when farm
values started to come back until
the crash year of 1929 when values
again hit the toboggan, more than
800.000 farms were sold under the
hammer of the foreclosure auction
eer and went into the portfolios of
banks and insurance companies.
Will American farmers forget
the lesson learned during those
years and now, with pockets
bulging with money, bid up the
prices of farm land to another
crash year?
There are some contrasts or sav
ing factors now, which were not
present in the last war: (1) in most
areas the level of values started
from a point about 15 per cent be
low the base of World War I; (2)
there are more sales for cash now.
about 55 per cent as compared to
less than 50 per cent in World War
I; (3) farm real estate debt con
tinues to decline in spite of soar
ing values, whereas during and
after World War I, mortgage debt
continued to increase.
In four years farmers have paid off
$1,316,000,000 in farm mortgage debt
and the total debt today on farm
real estate is $5,271,000,000 or less
than half of the all-time peak of 1923
when the debt reached $10,786,000,
000.
Parity Guarantee Factor
Another favorable factor today is
the fact that farm prices are guar
anteed by the government at 90
per cent of parity for at least two
years following end of the war, a
factor not present after World War I.
/ I%ut in spite of these favor
able circumstances, it is pointed
out that the large number of re
sales (one-eighth of all sales)
indicates speculation is influenc
ing the farm market . . . that
two-fifths of sales during 1944
carried a debt of 75 per cent or
more of the purchase price
and that in many of these sales
involving credit, the farm buy
ers have assumed a debt great
er than the full market value of
the land four years ago . . . that
in many cases current sales
prices are higher than can be
justified on the basis of long
time earning capacity.
In South Carolina and Kentucky
values are up more than double
their 1935 - 1939 average, largely
because of tobacco prices. Values
are up more than 90 per cent in
Colorado, 81 per cent in Indiana,
Arkansas and Wyoming. 70 per cent
in nine other states. Averages are
above 1920 levels in one-sixth of the
states and equal or above 1919
levels in one-half of the states.
To combat these soaring increases
the USDA has named a National
Agricultural Credit committee of
governmental leaders and repre
sentatives of major lenders in the
farm mortgage credit field to meet
in Chicago periodically to plan curbs
on the inflationary rise in farm
values. But the question still re
mains up to the individual farmer:
Agriculture, as measured by the
true dollar volume of its physical
goods has increased from a $49,000,
000,000 industry to a $74,000,000,000
industry during the five-year period
ended January 1, 1945.
Financial assets such as cur
rency, deposits and war bonds in
creased from an estimated $5,000,
000,000 on January 1, 1940, to $13,
000,000,000 January 1, 1944, and to
nearly $17,000,000,000 on January 1,
1945. Of this $74,000,000,000 indus
try, real estate is the farmers'
largest single asset, now valued at
more than $50,000,000,000.
Many Uses for Wood
Wood is used in more than 1,200
items of military equipment and
supplies.
Underfed Population
Two-thirds of the people of the
world are engaged in agriculture,
yet two-thirds are underfed.
Those Blinking Eyes
The eyelids blink from three to
six times a minute. This blinking
helps to rest the eyes.
I
i The Omaha Guide
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I-—WEEKLY NEWS ANALYSIS_
Fleets Rake Japan as Big Three
Parley Points up Peace Talk;
Senate Moves for Global Unity
—-Released by Western Newspaper Union. ■..■ , .
(EDITOR’S NOTE: When opinions are expressed in these columns, they are those of
Western Newspaper Union's news analysts and not necessarily of this newspaper.)
I 4
i mi TMSBML't * v4 ^ JMSWW'frA WStff
Frightened by invasion of U. S. marines of island off of Okinawa, Jap
women are put at ease by Lt. H. P. Barrand of Stamford, Conn.
PACIFIC:
Keep Going
While the nation’s capital buzzed
with peace talk and Australian
newspapers hinted of sensational de
velopments, U. S. and British carrier
planes continued to rake the Japa
nese homeland and the Allied
fleets kept up the bombardment of
Nippon’s sprawling coastline.
Scorched by Allied fire, the Japs
still refused to come out and fight.
Propagandists were seeking to calm
the populace with the assertion that
the U. S. and British attacks were
designed to feel them out and they
would strike at the proper time.
Having joined with the fleet in rak
ing shipping and transport facilities
linking the coal-producing island of
Hokkaido with Honshu, and pound
ing factories on Honshu itself, car
rier planes swept over Tokyo bay to
shoot up combat vessels at anchor.
Presumably remnants of the once
proud Imperial fleet, the warships
were covered by a heavy screen of
anti-aircraft fire as U. S. and Brit
ish airmen closed in.
Peace talk was pointed tip by per
sistent rumors that Marshal Stalin
might have brought Japanese peace
terms to the Big Three meeting at
i President Truman (left) greets Prime
Minister Churchill at Berlin.
Berlin and the report that President
Truman presented the conferees
with American surrender conditions
drawn up by the war, navy and state
departments.
Rumor that Russia’s Big Boss
might have borne Jap terms was ac
centuated by a newspaper report
from London that a high Soviet of
ficial revealed that the Reds would
transmit a definite surrender offer
to the U. S. if it was forthcoming,
and that Moscow would have to
give the deepest consideration to
entry into the Pacific war in view of
the heavy losses suffered against
Germany.
Reportedly in the possession of
Mr. Truman, the American surren
der conditions supposedly include the
relinquishment of all military equip
ment; the disbandment of Jap
forces; destruction of war indus
try; supervision over enemy ship
building, manufacture and port
facilities, and punishment of war
. criminals.
Rife in the U. S., peace talk was
equally lively in Australia, where
the Sydney Sun editorialized: “The
end of the war may come with dra
| matic suddenness . . . Hirohito is
j still the god-emperor. By one stroke
of a pen he could relieve Japan’s
1 terrors and make peace. There is
| every reason to believe that United
j States policy is preserving him for
I that part in the drama.”
Meanwhile, U. S. military chief
tains, sticking to the American max
im that the game is never over until
the last batter is out, discounted the
peace talk and hewed to the big job
ahead.
SENATE:
Global Pacts
With public opinion strongly cast
for co-operative effort to prevent fu
ture warfare, international security
and monetary agreements headed
for comparatively quick passage ih
the senate.
Overwhelmingly approved by the
house, the Bretton Woods monetary
agreements creating a bank of re
construction and fund for stabilizing
currencies passed the senate, with
Taft (Rep., Ohio) leading a losing
fight against the measures.
Charging that high pressure tac
tics have been employed to sell the
agreements to the country, Taft
sought to amend the $9,100,000,000
Hank and $8,800,000,000 fund so as
to assure the responsibility of bor
rowers drawing upon American con
tributions of $3,175,000,000 to the
bank and $2,750,000,000 to the fund.
While proponents of the Bretton
Woods agreements declared that the
bank was necessary to permit the
economic development of foreign na
tions, and the fund would permit
countries to obtain currency at fair
levels for international trade, oppo
nents charged that there were no
provisions In the plans compelling
the members to stabilize their in
ternal conditions to guarantee full
redemption of their obligations.
Concurrent with the agreements,
the senate considered approval of
the house - passed increase in the
lending authority of the Export-Im
port bank from $700,000,000 to $3,
500,000,000 to finance sales and pur
chases abroad until the Bretton
Woods pacts can be implemented.
With only 1 of 22 members of the
senate foreign relations committee in
opposition, the United Nations secu
rity charter was sent to the upper
chamber for speedy passage. Al
though not promising that the pact
would prevent war, the committee
declared it provided the basis for
peaceful settlement of disputes.
FOOD:
Plain Talk
Along with the war, food remained
the major item of interest to Ameri
cans, with Secretary of Agriculture
Anderson warning of tight supplies
into 1946 even while the Office of War
Information prepared to launch an
all-out propaganda drive to convince
the U. S. of the necessity of tighten
ing its belt to help feed impov
erished Europe.
Declaring that the present food
shortage was the result of faulty
planning last year, Anderson said
prior to increased production in 1946
his office would seek to relieve
present scarcities by stifling black
markets, improving distribution and
holding army and foreign relief re
quirements to minimums.
Except for milk, wheat, potatoes
and fresh vegetables, most foods will
remain in tight supply, Anderson
said, with continued scarcities in
meats, fats, oils, condensed and
evaporated milk and canned fruits
and vegetables. Rice and dry beans
also will run short, he revealed.
Meanwhile, the OWIs mapped its
propaganda campaign upon orders
from the White House, following the
report that the U. S. would have to
provide most of the relief shipments
to liberated Europe. In addition to
pointing out the need for supplying
the continent, the OWI also will is
sue periodic statements on contribu
tions being made by Great Britain,
Russia, Canada and other nations.
Pertinent to American relief ship
ments abroad, Senator Wheeler
(Dem., Mont.) told newspaper men
that after having been promised
adequate supplies by American au
thorities, Europeans expect this
country to stand by its word. “Al
ready in Europe, people are saying
that they were treated better be
fore they were liberated,’’ Wheeler
declared.
WAR PRODUCTION:
Tapering Off I
Haying already dropped to an an-1
nual rate of 49.9 billion dollars in
July from 60.7 billion in March, war
production will be further slashed
during the rest of the year, reflect
ing decreased demands for a one
front conflict.
By December, production of air
craft will be down to 800 million dol
lars from the July figure of 1 bil
lion; ships 500 million from 700 mil
lion; guns and fire control 100 mil
lion from 200 million; combat and
motor vehicles 200 million from 300
million; communications and elec
tronic equipment 200 million from
300 million, and other items and sup
plies 900 million from 1 billion. |
Of major munitions, only produc
tion of ammunition will hold steady
at 600 million dollars, with doubled
output of rockets helping to ofTset
reductions in other explosives.
HARD WORKERS:
More Meat .
In line with its policy of provid-]
ing extra meat and other foods for'
persons engaged in hard physical la
bor, OPA announced that miners
would be granted additional meat!
rations starting in August.
OPA action followed the walkout
of 10,000 miners from Illinois pits,1
climaxing a series of strikes
throughout the country. Leaving
their jobs after their leaders de
clared they “can’t dig coal on let
tuce sandwiches,” the Illinois
miners demanded an extra meat ra
tion of 50 red points per month.
Though 1,500 foundry workers in
neighboring localities joined the
striking Illinois miners, OPA action
did not include workers in other
strenuous occupations in the liber
alization of meat rations.
RECONVERSION:
Old Prices
Working to head off runaway
prices in the reconversion period be
fore demand can more evenly bal
ance with supply, OPA has drawn
up an elaborate formula aimed at
holding the cost of consumer goods
to the 1942 level.
Under the formula, manufacturers
doing an annual business of $200,000
a year or more may add increased
labor and material costs to their
prices, but may apply only half the
industry-wide profit margin of 1936
to 1939 so as to keep the overall
selling figure down. Producers in
the lower brackets, however, may
apply their own profit margins to
their prices.
To help speed reconversion, indi
vidual manufacturers will be per
mitted to work out their own prices
and submit them to OPA for ap
proval before the government can
formulate general industry - wide
costs.
-7
Wife Defends II Duce
Long in the background, Donna
Rachele Mussolini emerged briefly to
hotly challenge declarations that the
late II Duce was an irresponsible philan
derer strongly influ
enced by a bevy of
mistresses.
Staling her husband
teas closest to her
when he was down,
and most distant when
he was up, Donna
Rachele averred that
“Mussolini never had
anything to do with
any woman. All that
propaganda they put
out just to ruin him. I
was the only one he
thought anything of
und I was the only woman who thought
something of him.”
Snuppily attired, with a silk kerchief
embracing her hair-do, Donna Rachele
bitterly defended her late husband, be
lying the popular impression of her as ,
a mere kitchen wench who hud cured f
for his children. “They blame him for r
everything,” she rasped. “The blame
should be placed on other people, from
Badoglio to the king.”
JOBLESS GRANTS:
Seek Increase
Seeking to cushion the nation for
the full shock of reconversion, Sen
ator Kilgore (Dem., W. Va.) intro
duced a comprehensive bill extend
ing coverage of unemployment com
pensation, boosting payments and fi
nancing job relocations.
Under Kilgore’s measure, federal,
maritime and agricultural process
ing workers would be included in
coverage of unemployment compen
sation, and the benefits also would
be extended to employees in firms
of less than eight people.
At the same time, the federal gov
ernment would contribute the differ
ence to bring state unemployment
compensation payments up to a
maximum of $25 weekly for 26
weeks a year. Vets’ benefits would
be increased to $25 for single per
sons and $30 for those with depend
ents for 52 weeks. Workers referred
to jobs in other cities would be” given
travel allowances.
