EDITORIAL - COMMENT
THE MOUNTAINS OF THE HEART ,
(by Ruth Taylor)
°
Every heart has its own mountains to cross.
Several years ago on my way back from the West
Coast, I stopped off in Colorado and one never-to-be
forgotten day I drove out to visit a few of the edit
ors of the small town papers. One place I stopped,
was just a little one street town nestling Into the
heart of tin* mountains. I stood with the editor at
the front door of his office and looked around at the
mountains circling the town. It was sheer un
adulterated beautv and I said enviouslv, “ Hotv for
tunate are you who live here!”
He smiled a soul-weary smile and said, “I know
what you mean—but our hearts are always striving ^
to cross the mountains.” '
Every hegrt has its own mountains to cross. No
matter where we live, we feel that happiness lies on
the other side of the range that had our ways been
laid in other places, we would have done so much,
we would have gone so far!
We condemn those who live on the other side for
not making the most of their great opportunities.
We forget that they in turn condemn us for not
realizing how fair our own pathways are. Intoler
ance breeds on both sides of the mountain, whether
it be a physical one or a mountain built of our own
prejudices and ignorance.
Mountains are too often but misunderstandings.
They look impassable to those who only see them
from afar. But those who live among them know
that there is always a way through.
The trails of understanding are not easy. No
trail that leads upward is ever an easy road at the
start. Carved out of the living rock by the explor
er, made by liis sufferings and hardships, it requir
es the footsteps of many to make it a road. No road
can ever be made alone.
But the reward of effort is great. W hen one
reaches the summit and sees both sides of the moun
tains—then is the way made clear. Then is the ,
hour of understanding. Then has the heart trulj
cross the mountains.
Recognition
By GEORGE S.BENSOH §
President of Harding College
Searcy. Arkansas ^
Ea_i
6H0UTS of hurrah for a hero
Eelp other people more than him.
(The effect is to inspire everybody
M> public service. Unselfish things
people do for their country, home
town, family or church, are not
rightly done for praise. In fact,
people who do noble things with
glory as the primary aim quite
often miss the target.
r-^«—-*-■
Danville, 111., cashes-in on this
powerful influence. The Commer
cial-News, a Danville daily news
paper, keeps the idea alive. Every
Monday morning the paper car
ries a story about some citizen
who has performed a noteworthy
public service. He is designated
the “Man of the Week,” and the
article tells why, also, other in
teresting things about the man.
Something SELECTIONS are
Unselfish always on a basis
»—» r. .1.1 of public service,
not personal achievement. An
ambitious young insurance man
who sells his first million-dollar
policy is not necessarily Man of
the Week, although he probably
feels pretty successful. Dan
ville’s Man of the Week must
have done something big for Dan
ville and, like as not, received no
commission on it. ^ ^ -sr^., -
I The weekly selection, the bio
graphical sketch of some good
citizen every Monday, the repeat
ed reminder of what a fine thing
it is to be unselfish and thought
ful, keeps Danville’s citizens “on
their toes.” They never let a
good man down. The newspaper
learns of praiseworthy achieve
ments because somebody always
writes to the editor and tells him.
A One-Man ARTICLES all are
Selection written by a modost
** scribe who signs his
name Bob Poisall; no title after
it. Incidentally, Bob picks the
Man of the Week every time. He
does it without help or advice
from staff or board. Usually ne
selects a man of Danville, Ver
milion County, but there is nc
rule. If the town’s benefacto* i
lives somewhere else he’s nof
Every year, since April 1940
Mr. Poisall has planned and or
ganized a dinner with all trim
mings and invited his 52 select
ed men to eat with him. Thii
banquet has become quite an in
stitution. There are not alwayi
just 52 men present. Once in i
while Bob has a hard time de
ciding which of two good men t«
choose and ends by naming botl !
of them. j
The moral to this story is ob
vious. Once I attended Bob’s ban
quet — a completely America!
function. I met 52 good men ant
true, most of whom were still
surprised that what they dii
should be considered great. May
be every town can’t have one bui
it’s a constructive project foranj
community where there is a mai
who has the knack. -
■ Trouble Spot
Prague was a source of political
and religious doctrines that shat
tered the peace of Europe for cen
turies From a Prague pulpit John
runes. for the
Huss expounded his ideas ior me
reformation of the church, and Kin
Upd the spark of Czech national
ism that later flamed on battlefields,
ism tnat iaie +
Prague’s loss of religious liberty un
der Austrian rule started the Thirty
Vpars war which cost the country
Years war wmui
its independence. Turmoil had its
contrast in the peaceful reign of
Prince Wenceslaus, canonized as a
saint and immortalized in the Christ
sai , XTino Wpncpslaus ”
mas carol Good King Wenceslaus.
A statue of Saint Wenceslaus looked
down from its pedestal in Wences
:S%"‘ IklkHin^Tl'k B laus square.
^SmsssaF
Concentration Camps
Turned Men Into Brutes
Prisoners Who Survived Cruelties Eventu
ally Adopted Ways of Their
Sadistic Guardians.
By BAUKHAGE
News Analyst and Commentator.
(This la the second article on postwar Germany explaining how the Nazi
"planned terror,” methodically applied to the older Germans, has produced a state
of mind among the anti-Nazis which vastly complicates American rule of Germany.)
WNU Service, Union Trnst Building
Washington, D. C.
In my preceding column I de
scribed the state of mind of the mid
dle-aged German who had been
anti-Nazi or at least had no con
nections with the Nazi party. A
study of the gestapo methods has
revealed that it was planned defi
nitely to destroy initiative and indi
viduality. This has greatly compli
cated the work of the American ad
ministration of occupied Germany.
As I said, the gestapo made use
of a definite system of "planned
terror.”
It will, I realize, be somewhat dif
ficult for a person living in a demo
cratic country to grasp the extent
to which such methods could be ap
plied. First, we must realize that a
totalitarian government is the abso
lute antithesis of a democracy. In a
democracy the individual is the
unit. THe state exists for the individ
ual. Under Nazi-Fascist totalitarian
ism, it is not enough to say that the
individual exists for the state. The
individual as a concept does not
exist at all. "The Fascist conception
of the state,” said Mussolini, “is all
embracing; outside of it no human
or spiritual values can exist. ...”
It was the first task of the Nazis
to destroy this concept of indi
viduality. The terror was a part of
the method employed.
Purpose Was to Break
Will to Resist
Bruno Bettelheim, author of “My
Life in Nazi Concentration Camps,”
testifies to the purpose of the camps
and the achievement of this purpose
by the gestapo from his own experi
ences. He says that among the aims
were these:
1. To break the prisoners as indi
viduals and convert them into docile
masses from which no individual or
group act of resistance could arise.
2. To spread terror among the
rest of the population by:
a. Using the prisoners as hos
tages;
b. Demonstrating to them what
happened to those who oppose
Nazi rulers.
3. To provide gestapo members
with a training ground so they could:
a. Lose all human attitudes and
emotions;
b. Learn the most effective
ways of breaking civilian re
sistance.
4. To provide a laboratory in
which the gestapo could study the
effectiveness of torture, minimum
nourishment and medical care, and
normal activities plus hard labor.
The general purpose, of course,
was to create a civilian population
of maximum benefit to the Nazi
state.
The author’s study of prisoners
conducted under the camp regime,
supplemented by a careful self
analysis, leads him to believe that
the camp treatment resulted in
either death or an adaptation to
camp life. The prisoner finally ac
cepted his position and even came
to imitate the gestapo in manner
and conduct.
This seems a logical progression
when we know that the gestapo
themselves in their training were
submitted to tortures almost equal to
those inflicted on the prisoners.
One of the gestapo games, the au
thor relates, was for two of them
to stand up and beat each other.
The one who stood the longest,
won. Old prisoners who were thor
oughly “changed” were said to in
dulge in the same sport among
themselves.
Many Were Killed,
Or Were Suicides
Bettelheim describes the three
stages through which the prison
ers passed. The first is the arrest;
the second is transportation to the
camp, which is the hardest to bear,
he says. The last is prison life;
after a period of transition during
which, unless the prisoner either re
sists physically and is murdered or
resists introspectively and commits
suicide, he is gradually “changed”
until he reaches the "old prisoner”
stage. Then his previous nature is
eradicated, his individuality lost
and his subjection complete.
The initial shock was devastating
especially to a German, accustomed
as he was to processes logically con
trolled by law and order. To be de
prived suddenly of one’s civil rights
with no recourse, came as a severe
blow to the prisoner’s mentality.
The transportation to the camp
and the initiation into it frequently
is the first experience of physical
and psychological torture which the
prisoner has ever experienced.
Corporal punishment, says Bettel
heim, describing his own observa
tions, consisted of whipping, kick- j
ing, slapping, intermingled with ,
shooting and wounding with the
bayonet. Then there were tortures,
the obvious goal of which was ex
treme exhaustion. “For instance,”
he says, “the prisoners were forced
to stare for hours into glaring lights,
to kneel for hours, and so on. From
time to time a prisoner got killed;
no prisoner was permitted to take
care of his or another’s wounds. The
purpose of the tortures was to
break the resistance of the pris
oners, and to assure the guard that
they were really superior to them.”
Many were killed in this process.
But those who lived, according to
the author, were conditioned to the
point where what followed—more
beatings, more indignities, little
food, exposure and brutally hard
work—was not as bad as the initial
experience.
For the rest, it was a slow but sure
process of degeneration of body,
mind and soul.
One thing which has surprised the
Americans in occupied Germany is
the tendency of the German people
to deny that they knew the extent of
the atrocities which were perpe
trated in the camps or to appear to
ignore their existence.
This is a result of a planned ef
fect of the camp.
Dread Fear Hung
Over Everyone
According to statements concern
ing conditions in Germany as early
as 1930, most of the Germans who
had committed actual offenses
against the Nazi regime, had al
ready been imprisoned, murdered
or had died in the camps. Then the
Nazis found it necessary to go out
and arrest members of various
groups indiscriminately, say a few
lawyers, a few doctors, a few from
one organization or another. This
was done as a threat against that
whole particular group.
The effect on a group was some
what the same, though in a lesser
degree, as the effect on a family.
The effect on the families of the
prisoners, of course, was marked.
At first a great deal of money was
spent in attempting to get the pris
oner released. The gestapo always
replied that it was the prisoner’s
own fault that he was imprisoned.
Then members of the family began
to find it hard to get jobs, children
had trouble at school; poor relief
was denied. Always the terror hung
over them. The friends and relatives
of a prisoner were considered sus
pects. So the influence of the camp
reached out over the whole group.
As the Nazi regime became more
harsh and especially latterly, when
world resentment increased against
it even before the war, many more
Germans, passive before, became
openly dissatisfied and critical. It
was impossible to imprison them all
without interfering with the func
tioning of the country’s economy.
Then “group” arrests increased.
People in lots of a hundred or so
from one profession, or trade, or af
filiated body, would be jailed. Thus
the effect of the "terror” was multi
plied. This was the manner in which
the entire population of the country
was enchained.
General McClure recognizes how
crushing has been the effect of
“planned terror,” but I doubt if the
general public has any realization
of its magnitude. “We shall often
have to go far out of our way,” says
the general, ‘to help certain in
dividuals who have not had an easy
life these last 12 years and more,
men whose broken spirits may well
need our support and guidance to
return to the ways of active per
sonal democratic initiative.”
It took centuries to develop human
dignity, but it took only a few
months in a Nazi concentration
camp to destroy it.
BARBS . . . by Baukhage
There is pressure to break down
the anti-fraternization rules in the
American army of occupation in
Germany. It is not coming from
American girls.
* • *
Life is gradually returning to nor
mal in the Berlin suburbs, says a
Moscow broadcast, and a bicycle
race was held in one town on July 1.
We hope it wasn’t a master race.
Faulty Plugs
A spark plug gap will gradually
widen after several thousand miles
of normal service due to wear. To
remedy this condition, set the gap
to the exact size specified by the
engine manufacturer, using a round
wire feeler gauge. Do not guess or
use a “thin dime’’ or a flat fleeler
gauge. A gap may widen or wear
quickly at low mileage. This indi
cates that the plug is operating “too
hot”—often the wrong type of plug.
If rapid gap wear occurs at low
mileage, replace with a “cooler”
type plug.
Three million barrels of petrole
um products were lost by recent
strikes in this country, according to
an estimate made by the Petroleum !
administration.
• • •
Two thousand seven hundred Lib
erty ships have been battered be
yond use in service. A lot of them
put up a good scrap before they
were scrapped.
Keeps Cake Moist
Frosting on a cake is more than
a “treat.” It helps to keep the cake
moist as well. For professional look
ing cake, apply frosting as follows:
1. Allow cake to cool, and brush off
loose crumbs. Spread frosting even
ly and fairly thin over sides with
spatula or knife. 2. Pile remainder
on top, spreading lightly toward
edges, leaving most of the frosting
in the center. 3. Run spatula over
sides again to fill in any spaces and
to set frosting in place. 4. Let frost
ing “set” well before putting cake
away or attempting to cut it.
*7he Jiowe.
tlepxvd&i
!in WASHINGTON
By Walter Shead
WNU Correspondent
Labor ‘Invades’ Agriculture
WNU Washington Bureau
621 Union Trust Building.
I ABOR organizations which have
inched their way into the field
of agriculture over vigorous protest
agricultural organizations are
now planning enlargements of
these labor beachheads already
gained, according to indications
here.
So alarmed has the Farm
Bureau federation become over
latest reports of labor en
croachment into the farm field,
that they are preparing to go
before congress and ask for
preventive legislation, proba
bly similar to the Hobbs bill
which passed the house in 1942,
but which died in the senate.
This measure brought labor
organizations within the terms
of the federal anti-racketeering
act. I
This latest point of conflict is an
other outbreak between farmers on
the eastern seaboard, particularly
in the Philadelphia area, and the
Teamsters Union, AFL, which is
seeking to bring farm workers driv
ing farmers’ trucks into the team
sters union. In some instances farm
ers’ trucks have been stopped and 1
the unions have charged an “unload- !
ing fee” where the drivers have
been non-union. The house agricul
tural committee is expected within
a few weeks to start hearings on
complaints of farmers and revive
the “hot cargo” investigation of 1942
which exposed union practices in
the food industry. It is reported
that some of the farm-to-market
truckers have been required to
pay union fees as high as $56 to
unload perishable foods.
The farm bureau contends that
this practice is an interference with
the movement of food to market,
will be ruinous to crops and trade
and will diminish supplies to con
sumers in a period in which food
supplies are critically needed.
Farm Leaders Apprehensive
Farm leaders are apprehensive of 1
what may happen when and if John
L. Lewis, head of the miners union,
makes his peace and is received
back into the American Federation
of Labor. When that happens, and
predictions are that it will happen
soon, the labor organizations are ex
pected to expend real money to
finance union expansion.
Milk drivers in the dairy indus
try, workers in canneries and proc
essors in fruit and other perish
ables, fruit pickers, hop workers j
and some others already unionized
constitute the beachheads or spring- |
boards from which further attempts >
to organize agricultural workers
and farmers may proceed. It will
be recalled that the indefatigable
Mr. Lewis boasted that he would
organize the agricultural workers
of the nation into unions and farm
leaders here do not believe that his 1
boast was all bluff.
The contention is made here that
if the labor unions can force farm
workers who drive farm-to-market
trucks to join the teamsters union,
why cannot they force drivers of
tractors or combines or any other
farm machinery to join a ma
chinists union or some other labor
union?
Teamsters Very Active
The teamsters union has been i
particularly active since the 1942 de
cision of the Supreme court which i
set aside convictions of mem- I
bers of a New York local who had
forced out-of-state trucks to hire a
union member as a “guest” driver
at $8 to $9 per truck. As a result
of this decision Representative
Mike Monroney (Dem., Okla.) intro
duced a bill to amend the Clayton
anti-trust law to repeal the exemp
tions labor unions enjoy under the
law. He didn’t get very far with the
bill. But he has now reintroduced
the bill aimed primarily at collusive
practices and it is before the house
judiciary committee. Representa
tive Hobbs (Dem., Ala.), has also
reintroduced his measure, which
has received approval of the house
judiciary committee, and the meas
ure is now pending before the house.
“Not only have the unions at
tempted to force farmers to join
them, but they have threatened to
boycott processors and distributors
who handle the farmers’ products,"
one farm leader said.
“We intend,” he continued, “to
use every resource we have to pro
tect the farmers against this inva
sion of our rights and to obtain legis
lation which will outlaw such union
practices.”
Every fiber of the traditional
independence of farmers rebels .
at the thought of being forced I
into unions, or of being forced j
to pay union fees for the pur- )
pose of trucking their produce
to market, according to farm
leaders here, and they will fight
every attempt of the unions to
organize the farm workers.
They do not believe unionism
will work on the farms and that
the unions will defeat the very
purpose of the farm organiza
tions themselves which have t
been built up.
Paper Material
Bamboo may prove to be a valu
able raw material for the manufac
ture of paper and good quality com- ’
position board. Government plant
explorers began bringing in bam
boos from the Orient and other parts
of the world about 50 years ago, and
there are now many small plantings
of good varieties on American farms
in the South. Commercial investi
gators are studying the processing
of the culms (stems) into paper and
boards, with results good enough to
be called encouraging.
Omaha. Nebraska. Saturday, July 21, 1945 Pa-u 7
! The Omaha Guide
l 4r A WEEKLY NEWSPAPER JL
Published Every Saturday at 2)20 Grant Street
1 OMAHA, NEBRASKA—PHONE HA. 0800
\ Entered as Second Class Matter March 15. 1927
at the Post Office at Omaha, Nebraska, under
I Act of Congress of March 3, 1879.
1C- C. Galloway,.... Publisher and Acting Editor
1 All News Copy of Churches and all organiz
ations must be in our office not later than 1 :00
p- m. Monday for current issue. All Advertising
Copy on Paid Articles, not later than Wednesday
noon, preceeding date of issue, to insure public
ation.
SUBSCRIPTION RATE IN OMAHA \
ONE YEAR . $3.00
SIX MONTHS . $1.75
THREE MONTHS . $1-25 ^
SUBSCRIPTION RATE OUT OP TOWN {
ONE YEAR . $3.50 ,
SIX MONTHS . $2-00 \
National Advertising Representatives—
INTERSTATE UNITED NEWSPAPERS, Inc{
545 Fifth Avenue, New York City, Phone:— J
MUrray Hill 2-5452, Ray Peck, Manager
STOCKED TO THE BRIM FOR YOUR TABLE, HOUSEHOLD NEEDS
The One Horse Store at 2851 Grant where Democracy begins with a Full
**m*r&pm mwn
Line of Meats and Groceries—A Store Stocked to the Brim as the above pic
ture so indicates. Yes sir, we carry everything needed in the home for
your Sunday dinner, with a full crew at your service with a smile.
Our motto: “The customer is the boss —we are your servants”.
You are welcome to serve 3’ourself if you like or you may wait your turn and
one of the above clerks will wait on you with that ever polite service. You are
cordialh7 invited to inspect our store any time you find it convenient to do so.
The following clerks are waiting to welcome you, reading from left to right:
Mr. C. F. Carlsen, Mrs. C. F. Carlsen, Miss Lawson and Mrs. Pearson.
You just can’t beat the One Horse Store for your Meats and Grocery
wants. 0. K. and thanks a million, don’t forget to c-ome in to see us. Re
member the One Horse Store, 28th St., at Grant, WE. 0567, Mr. C. F. Carlsen,
owner. AVe have been serving many of our customers for 14 years. So trade
where your Grandmothers and Grandfathers traded at for many years. Re
member the “Customer is the Boss.”
ROUEN, France.—In celebration at Rouen, Wacs of the 6888th Postal Directory Unit who re*
Jently arrived on the Continent, parade on historic streets of city where Joan of Arc was burned at
lie stake. (U. S. Army Signal Corps photo from Bureau of Public Relations.)
Fish Eyes
Look a fish in the eye before buy
ing it. If the eyes are brilliant, it’s
fresh. Other signs of freshness are
a slippery, but not sticky, surface;
pleasant odor; firm, elastic flesh.
Origin of Sphinx
The Great Sphinx of Gizeh in
Egypt is believed to have been built
to protect neighboring tombs from
evil spirits.
Gluing Wood
For best results in gluing wood,
both the glue and the wood should
be warmed to about 75 degrees Fah
renheit.
Rural Population
About four-fifths of the population
of Bulgaria live by agriculture or
fishing.
Scrub Heifer
Although a heifer may be well
bred, sheill be a scrub if not well
fed.
Talc Uses
Talc, the basis of face powder,
has important war uses.
Washing Walls
’ash walls and woodwork from
the bottom up, but dust from the
top down. Wash in upward direc
tion, because water running down
a soiled wall leaves streaks. ' Dust
downward, because this method
scatters dust the least.
WHAT? YOU DON’T WANT IT?
We Pay Cash For It!
We pay cash for that old piece of furni
ture and cooking utensils that you don’t
want. We call for and deliver. We pay
cash right on the spot.
9
The three J. & J. Bargain Stores. Num
bers 1 and 2,1604-6 N. 24th St., Ja. 9452;
Number 3, 2405 Cuming St., Ja. 9354.
Mr. Andrew Johnson, Proprietor.