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EDITORIAL- COMMENT Omaha, Nebraska, Saturday, June 23, 1945 WE NEED RELIGION By Ruth Taylor Perhaps the most encouraging sign that has come out of the whirlpool in which our world is spin ning so frantically, is the rebirth of faith — depen dence on the intangible, finer things of the spirit and the willingness to admit that dependence. We have learned that we need to participate in something bigger than we are. In a recent Reader’s Digest there is a most thought provoking article on this subject — on the need of a religion. Not for us an ideology such as motivates the totalitarian states, not for us reliance on mere ethics. We need not a bland acceptance of a way of life, but a faith based upon religion. But this “religiosity” does not mean merely a creed to affirm, nor a ritual to follow. No matter what the tenets of our particular faith, no matter whether we worship in church, cathedral or syna gogue, there is a basic article of faith to which we all give adherence — the Fatherhood of God and the Brotherhood of Man. There is one rule of life we all accept — the Golden Rule. What are the things for which we are fighting — if not the application of these principles? Our forefathers cleared a continent and built homes in the wilderness to feel free to worship their God in their own way. Their religion was a very real part of their lives. Why should we fear the scoffing of the unbelievers and not dare to openly admit our faith? Our boys are not afraid to admit their beliefs. Think what the popular war songs are: “I had a little talk with the Lord.” “Coming in on a wing and a prayer.” “Praise the Lord and pass the ammuni tion.” Can you think of similar ones in any other war? In a news release describing Field Marshal Sir Bernard L. Montgomery’s “knockout blow” message to the troops of his 21st Army Group, the poem he quoted was given. It was entitled “A Solider — His Prayer.” Written on a scrap of paper, it had flut tered into the hands of a soldier sitting in a trench during the battle of El Agheila. It is a prayer in which we may all join: “Stay with me, God. The night is dark; The night is cold; my little spark Of courage dies. The night is long Be with me, God, and make me strong. I knew that death is but a door. I knew what we were fighting for: Peace for the kids, our brothers freed, A kinder world, a cleaner breed. Help me, 0 God, when death is near, To mock the haggard face of fear, That when I fall — if fall I must — My soul may triumph in the dust.” SAN FRANCISCO AND “VICTORY” IN EUROPE America has spent about 170 billion dollars to defeat Germany in this preventable war, compar ed with 41 billion in World War I. Vast supplies of oil, steel, lumber, food, tanks, guns, trucks and ships have gone in the effort. Most important, — we have had nearly 700,000 casualties including about 140,000 killed. Britain, France and Russia have suffered com paratively, much more. Much of Europe is a charnel house. Casualties on both sides are about 40,000,000,1 — men, women and children, — about one-half killed. THE DAY!.By Collier Plastic Production In 1930, the industry produced about 37,500.000 pounds of plastics valued at about S75.000.000, or $2 a pound. In 1940. the industry had been multiplied by 8. with an output of 300.000. 000 pounds averaging about $2 a pound in value. Estimated pro duction in 1944 indicates a doubling since 1940 with an output of about 700.000. 000 pounds valued at $1,800, 000.000 or about S2.50 a pound. Granted Equal Suffrage Wyoming guaranteed women suf frage by law for the first time in history in 1869. A plaque marks the site in Cheyenne where the first Wyoming territorial legislature met to grant equal political rights. Nurtured Pine Locomotive firemen are credited with the survival of the famous lone pine tree growing in a large gran ite boulder adjacent to the Lincoln highway between Cheyenne and Laramie. Wyo. When the tree was very young, the original roadbed of the Union Pacific was where the highway is today, and as loco motives puffed by. firemen drenched the tree writh water. Radiator Water Prevention is better than cure for radiator troubles. Water from the rain barrel, ponds, swamps or streams is usually much better for the radiator than well water or city water. Plan Just and Speedy Trials for Nazi Bigwigs Allied Commission to Handle Cases of High Leaders; Local Officials to Prosecute Minor Offenders. By BAUKHAGE News Analyst and Commentator. WNU Service, Union Trust Building, Washington, D. C. The legal profession is about to meet the greatest challenge it has ever faced. The Moscow declaration, pub lished November 1, 1943, and signed by President Roosevelt, Prime Min ister Churchill and Premier Stalin, declares that "those German officers and men and members of the Nazi party” who are responsible for or who have taken a consenting part in “atrocities, evidence of which has been received from authoritative quarters in many countries,” will be “tried, judged and punished” accord ing to the laws of those countries. This same declaration also de clares in its final paragraph that “major criminals whose offenses have no particular geographical lo calization” will be tried and dealt with by “joint decision of the Gov ernments of the Allies.” That is where the United States and the challenge of its legal profes sion comes in. The body which will try these "big shots” is an international military tribunal, to be designated by an of ficial title, probably by the time these lines are printed, and it is be fore this court that a member of the Supreme court of the United States, Associate Justice Robert H. Jack son, chosen as American chief of counsel, will appear as prosecutor. He will act jointly, it is presumed, with the counsels of the United King dom and the Union of Soviet Social ist Republics. Legal Body Without Precedent Never in history has such a legal body been convened. Never has such a task as the one it has before it been of such potential significance to the social and political well-being of the peoples of the earth—never, at least, since the day of a certain Ro man procurator of Judea in Pales tine. Pontius Pilate was unable to face his responsibility, and finding “that he could prevail nothing, but rather that a tumult was made, he took water, and washed his hands. . . The United States does not intend to wash its hands of the responsibil ity before it. There seems to be a welter of con fusion as to just what the function of this “military tribunal" is; as to just what, if any, policy has been established by the “Office of the Chief Counsel for the Prosecution of Axis Criminality,” which is the title on the letterhead before me. The permanent address of this office is, at this writing, a little uncertain, but it can be reached care of the Penta gon in Washington. Soon it will es tablish foreign headquarters. Despite the confusion, this institu tion has a definite policy and I shall interpret it informally hereunder: (1) We shall avoid “the law’s de lay” which so annoyed Hamlet. My reason for this assumption is the fact that Justice Jackson did not retire from the Supreme court. The fall term of the court begins in October. Already he has made one trip to Europe for the purpose of rounding up key witnesses and doc uments and is now beginning final preparation for the prosecution. His staff has been assembled for several weeks and he has coordinated the other government agencies interest ed in war crimes (war department, navy department. Office of Strate gic Services, and others). Authority for this action is vested in Execu tive Order 9547 of May 2, 1945, which named Justice Jackson as Amer ican prosecutor. Jackson himself said when he was appointed: •‘There will be no delay on the part of the United States, and we think undue delay is itself a fail ure.” (2) There is no confusion as to United States policy with respect to the type of offender to be tried. Many individual cases have already been prepared, though net yet announced. As I mentioned earlier, what the United States is concerned with is the big shots, that is Jackson’s job— to try the men whose offenses are broader than those committed in and i against members of any single community. To put it broadly, those charged with crimes against human ity as a whole. i This rules out the persons brought back to the scene of their crimes, the trials of spies and saboteurs which are coming up daily, offenses against American nationals or against Germans, or individual acts of persecution against Jews or oth ers. In other words, Jackson is after big game and he will not be content to fiddle with minor offenses even if corrftnitted by major criminals. His job will be to nail those leaders who are responsible for engineering the whole general criminality of the Nazi-Fascist program. The smaller fry will be taken care of by other legal authorities at the scene of the individual crimes or elsewhere. Jackson Versed As Prosecutor Justice Jackson’s reputation and his record are a pretty good guaran tee that he will not be stumped by any hurdles that international lawyers might try to put in his way. But that does not mean he will “railroad” the accused. He will not let the trials sink below a dig nified judicial level. They must be. he says, “trials in fact, not merety trials in name, to ratify a predeter mined result.” On the other hand, he does not believe that “every step must be taken in accordance with technical common law rules of proof.” His record shows that ne is a "direct actionist”—he can be expected to pull no punches. I said this was the greatest chal lenge the legal profession had ever faced. I said that because upon the manner in which these trials are conducted will depend just how clearly Naziism will be revealed to the people of the world in its true light. These criminals must convict themselves and their philosophies out of their own mouths. They must not be allowed to stand before the world with their testimony and that of their accusers as a background, as martyrs to what Jackson himself calls “farcical judicial trials” which rationalize previously settled opin ions. This would destroy the con fidence of the people in the whole case for democracy, he believes. Nor must the case against them be pre sented in such a manner as might give even the skeptical a false sug gestion that the enemies of democ racy have a vestige of right on their side. The small but efficient staff which Justice Jackson has selected is worth looking over. There is Maj. Gen. William Dono van, colorful World War I hero and successful lawyer, now head of the OSS; Sydney Alderman, a distin guished trial lawyer and general so licitor of the Southern Railway; Francis Shea, assistant attorney general and well versed in compli cated litigations; Naval Lts. James Donovan and Gordon Dean. Dono van is general counsel of the OSS. Dean, a former assistant attorney general under Jackson when he was head of the department of justice, is a brilliant and successful lawyer who is being transferred from active duty by the navy for the job. There are no hand-washing Pon tius Pilates among them. * * • The rise in income payments to individuals in the United States from an annual figure of $66,168,000,000 in the prewar year of 1938 to a record high total of $156,794,000,000 in 1944 was extended during the first quar ter of 1945. according to the Alex ander Hamilton Institute. Income payments during the first three months amounted to $39,825,000,000 this year as against $37,726,000,000 last year, an increase of 5.6 per cent. Income from every source showed expansion. Salaries and wages rose from $27,357,000,000 to $28,628,000,000, an increase of 4.6 per cent, while dividends and interest rose from $2,454,000,000 to $2,770,000,000, an in crease of 12.9 per cent. Although spending by consumers was at a record high rate during the first quarter, it is evident from preliminary information that con sumers income exceeded spending by an amount sufficient not only to meet taxes but to add to consumers’ wartime savings, thus increasing the threat of inflation when peace re turns. BARBS . . . by Bauhhage The government has sold the camp in New Jersey seized from the Ger man-American Bund. It will be made into a boys’ camp—not a con centration camp. • • • Some German business men re cently asked the American military governor of one of their cities how to make out an application for a loan to rebuild the town. TAKES LEAVE OF ABSENCE Mr. Arthur B. McCaw who has been employed in the Assessor’s office. Douglas County Court House beginning under the late Sam Greenleaf and for the past eight years under Joe Stolinski is taking a leave of absence for a year to take up a position with the Urban League as director of the Boy’s Department and as sistant to the Executive Secre tary. Mr. McCaw was employ ed in the Court House for ap proximately 12 years. Field Marshal Mannerheim, com mander of the Finns in their wars with Russia, congratulated Stalin on his victory over Germany in 73 words. Stalin replied in 19. • • • The British Broadcasting company says it has proved during the war that telling the truth can be more effective than calculated lying. May be Goebbels was wrong after all Test Oven Heat Lacking an oven thermometer or thermostatic oven control, one can compute roughly the heat of an oven by placing a piece of unglazed paper in center of lighted oven. When pa per browns in half a minute, heat is 475 to 500 degrees Fahrenheit; in one minute, 400 to 425 degrees; min ute and a half. 350 to 375 degrees; two minutes, 325 degrees. A cake is done when it shrinks from sides of pan, springs back when pressed lightly on top with finger, does not “sing” when held to the ear, does not stick to toothpick or straw in serted in center. y Hepxvii&i gin WASHINGTON *By Walter Shead § WNU Correspondent Freight Rate Problem WNU Washington Bureau €21 Union Trust Building. \ VtHAT the recent ruling of the * Interstate Commerce commis sion, attempting to equalize freight rates in the South and West with the East, will mean to the small town shippers, merchants, manufac turers and farmers in the 15,000 small towns and rural communities, no one here is prepared to predict. No one believes, for instance, that the present temporary rates, even if made permanent, will play any appreciable part in a reduction in the cost of retail business, or in the costs of commodities in the affected areas, except perhaps in some rare specific instances. The Interstate Commerce commis sion ruling, made after six years of study, and perhaps with an eye on the Supreme court which has under ( consideration the Governor Arnall ' Georgia case, roughly reduces class freight rates from Chicago and Illi nois west to the Rocky mountains and south below the Ohio and Po tomac rivers and in Virginia south of Richmond, about 10 per cent. East of the Illinois-Indiana line and north of the Ohio and Potomac the class rates are increased 10 per i cent. Class freight rates, however. I comprise only about 10 per cent of total freight shipments, the other 90 per cent being in commodity or bulk carload lot shipments. The class rates on the Pacific coast are not affected. But here is some background on freight rates. . . . The trend since 1935 has been upwards . . . the ICC has refused to lower rates on appeals of shippers even in the height of the depres sion . . . railroads applied for a 15 per cent increase in 1940 and in 1942 the ICC handed down a decision giving them about a 6 per cent increase on all rates . . . then on the instance of OPA this 6 per cent increase was sus- ■ pended from year to year, the last suspension expiring January , 1, 1946, when the case is auto matically reopened and rail roads will ask the increase be reinstated . . . and they will ' have the argument that war shipments are off. reconversion has set in and with reduced ton nage they can’t operate in the postwar era with increased costs and loss of business. But here are some optimistic , gleanings from the decision, which may result from this ruling of the commission as aids to small busi ness and to farmers: 1. Decrease in the rates in the West and South will give impetus to establishment of new small busi ness and manufacturing enterprises in those sections which can compete on a more even basis of equality with similar business in the North and East. 2. The new rate reductions may bring about greater decentralization of big business from the North and East to the South and West states. 3. The ruling opens the way for future revision of the variations of the class rates, known as exception and column rates, and those who have studied the situation believe it will mean the end definitely of sec tional freight rates. 4. The next freight rate battle may be on the charges of violations of the anti-trust laws, which is the ba sis of the suit brought by the Geor gia governor. Individual Situations Vary. The effect of these rate reductions on any one line of business or on any one commodity cannot be fore- ' cast in exact terms. Advice from the department of commerce, for in stance, is for individuals to study their own situation . . . where they are buying, from manufacturer, bro ker or distributor . . . whether they are buying or shipping from distrib utor's stocks which would carry the commodity rate, and how they are being billed, whether FOB manu facturer, distributor or broker . . . and then to change their methods if it will be to their advantage. In the North and East some harm ful results can be foreseen. For instance a small manufacturer of condiments, jellies, etc., in New York state, who ships in minimum packages of 100 pounds or less with a present rate of 55 cents per mini mum shipment, will be forced to pay 75 cents under the new rates, or an increase of 20 per cent, which this manufacturer says will put him out of business. A small manufacturer in Arkan- j sas may, under the new reduced rates, ship to Indianapolis and com pete on equal terms with his compet itor in Ohio or Michigan, who must pay the increased rates. The farm er who buys a $10 article from a mail order house, upon which the freight may be $1, wiil not feel the ef fect of the 10-cent decrease or in crease in the freight, depending on where he lives, which likely will be absorbed by the marufacturer or some place else along the line. The same thing may be true in lot ship ments to the retailers. Farm Lease The farm lease should be written. Many landlords and tenants try to get along with oral contracts. The difficulty arises when they do not understand each other and find that they have different ideas about cer tain matters. The written lease re moves this chance of disagreement and insures more harmonious rela : tions between the landlord and ten j ant. Both lose when they disagree, particularly if the disagreement re I suits in a move for the tenant. ; Forms for written leases are avail | able in the offices of many of the county agents. The Omaha Guide ■4r A WEEKLY NEWSPAPER JL Published Every Saturday at 2±30 Grant Street 1 OMAHA, NEBRASKA—PHONE HA. 0800 I Entered as Second Class Matter March 15. 1927 at the Post Office at Omaha. Nebraska, under \ Act of Congress of March 3, 1879. 1 C- C- Galloway,_Publisher and Acting Editor All News Copy of Churches and all organiz ations roust be in our office not later than 1:00 p- m. Monday for current issue. All Advertising Copy on Paid Articles, not later than Wednesday noon, preceeding date of issue, to insure public ation. i SUBSCRIPTION RATE IN OMAHA \ [ ONE YEAR . $3.00/ ! SIX MONTHS . $1.751 ! THREE MONTHS $1-23 | SUBSCRIPTION RATE OUT OF TOWN \ ONE YEAR . $3.30 SIX MONTHS . $2.00 \ National Advertising Representatives— ^ INTERSTATE UNITED NEWSPAPERS. lnc\ 545 Fifth Avenue, New York City, Phone:— MUrray Hill 2-5452, Ray Peck, Manager * Governor Dewey Visits Home Town OWOSSO, MICH.—Soundphoto— Gov. Thomas E. Dewey, G.O.P. Presidential Nominee, rides through streets of his home town with his mother, Mrs. George Dewey (center) and his wife. Owosso gave the New York Governor one of the biggest homecoming receptions in Michigan’s history. It’s a 50-50 proposition . Right after the ceremony, adjustments begin. Joe starts to learn how to get along with Jane and Jane to get along with Joe. Small sacrifices on both sides pave the way to a happy marriage. (Just as they do to good relations on a party line.) Jane learns not to monopolize the conversation. (Party liners avoid making a long string oj calls in succession.) ^ Joe finds that Jane hates to be interrupted. (Party dinert taever break in when the line is in use.) Jane senses that Joe is bored w ith a long story of household difficulties. (Party diners keep their calls short and to the point.) Joe locked Jane out—once!—by forgetting to leave the key under the mat. (Partydiners make sure the receiver is in place to they don't "lock out" the other party.) ; And so on. Practically everybody wants to make these small adjustments and practically everyone does. * NORTHWESTERN BEIL TELEPHONE COMPANY Vs of an ALL-GAS KITCHEN. Besides gas cooking and refrigeration you’ll want an AUTOMATIC GAS WATER HEATER. They are now available without certificate for replacement purposes . . . and under other special conditions. Ask us for details. GET AN AUTOMATIC GAS WATER HEATEB (Continued from Page 6) tended our Sunday schools and B. T. U.s. There are hundreds of others who were not associated with any church. Shall we let them down on their return? We should appoint committees from our or ganizations to study these prob lems; hold round table discussions, ! open forums and invite authorities from the War Department to ad vise us on these problems. If the church does not take its part in this program, I fear, it will lose I its grip on many of these boys. Christian Education The Sunday school should be the nucleus of our Christian education in our churches. The lack of Christian education is being seen daily in our churches, communities and in our entire na tion. Statistics show that eight times more hours are spent in movies than in Sunday schools. Only one out of twelve attends church. Seven out of eight quit Sunday school and church before they are fifteen. There are more barmaids than college girls. There are three times as many criminals as college students; eighteen hun dred suicides monthly; thirty-six murders daily. Women are buying more cigarettes than men. Seven hundred dollars go for sinful pleas ures and amusement to every dol lar for foreign mission. This only means that we are suffering a moral let down such as was never experienced before. Just a few days ago, the War Department lifted the ban on horse races, which ne cessitates the transportation of I thousands of people, horses and equipment, but this same depart ment kept the ban on religions gatherings. It is up to the church to wake up and stay in advance of this corruption. These alarming conditions are laid at our very doors. These are challenges to every Christian in America. Let us as a Sunday School and B. T. U. Congress wake up. Wake up, not by cursing the darkness but by lighting a candle that will dis pell the darkness. That candle is Christian education. We can light a candle by holding leader ship training schools. We can light a candle by providing a pro gram that will touch every indi vidual in the community. The church should develop a more positive point of view toward community welfare, thereby inject ing into it that spark of Chris tianity that is much needed. Our program should extend far beyond the walls of our church. It should touch every home in our com munity and reach the unreached. Christian education does for us what science did for the late Geo. W. Carver, Burbank and many other scientists. It enables us to co-operate with God and be in ' harmony with nature. God cre ates, but man working in co-oper ation with Him and nature can make out of the created what He would have it be. God alone cre ated the little wild rose, but God and man working together devel oped it into the great American Beauty. God alone produced the peach, small in size, but God and man working together through the process of grafting and cultiva tion, developed it into the great Elberta. God alone gives the child a mind, untrained and un skilled, bundled into a body of just flesh, bones and tissue. He expects us to work in co-operation with Him and in harmony with na ture to develop it into a Christian Personality. The late Geo. W. Carver, one of the greatest scientists known, per formed his miracles not by magic nor sleight of hand, but by trained hands, heart and head made to work in co-operation with God and nature, causing the world to focus their eyes on his products. Bur bank, with his skill and training, discovered how to co-operate with God more effectively and perform ed miracles in the plant world. So, that trained Christian leader, pos sessing keen insight, working in co-operation with God and nature, can perform their work as teachers and Christian leaders so effective ly among our youth and adults, that instead of seven of eight | youths leaving Sunday school be j fore they are fifteen, there will be j seven of eight to remain. Instead of three times as many criminals as college students, there will be three times as many college stu dents as criminals. Love would take the place of hate and the Golden Rule would be practiced so (Continued on Page 2)