Large it Acer edged Xegrc S'rwspap er West of Chicago and Sorth of KC Saturday, April 29. 1944 OUR 17th YEAE No. 12 Entered as 2nd class matter at Post- office. Omaha. Nebr.. Under Act of March ■?, Publishing Offices at 2420 Grant Street, Omaha. Nebr. Former Nat Towels Pianist Now Hard-working WflC Pvt. George L. Singleton, who hails from Wilkes Barre. Pa., is as signed to the Music. Education and ! Theatricals section of the Special Ser vice Division. Fort Huachuca. Ariz ona. as a receptionist and clerk. Pvt. Singleton who is an accomplished pianist, ha; played with such orches tras as the “Dixie Dukes,” “Nat Towles," band and the “Star Light Ramblers”, She is a graduate of St. ' Peter's school. Pine Bluff, Ark., St. ' Frances De Sales, Rock Castle, Va.. and Henderson's Businesss college in i Memphis, Tenn. Mt. Moriah to Honor Pastors 2d Anniv’sary The Mount Moriah Baptist church, | 24th at Ohio Streets, will celebrate the Second Anniversary of their Pas tor. Tlev. David S' i'lair on May 1-9. 14th and 15. 194-t Every pastor, church and citizen are invited to these services which , will bee:r each evening at 8 p.m. CLASSIFIED l-A Kansas City . Mo, Satchel Paige America's greatest baseball hurler. i has been classified by his draft board i as l-A and fit tor military service. The famous baseball p'.aver said he was subject to an immediate call to the cokws tor his country (Press Pkoto-News Service) VOID LILY WHITE JURY VERDICT New Orleans. April 23 (ANP) — I ouisiana Senators who along with other Dixie solons have raged ag ainst the Texas primary decision as “outside meddling'' Tuesday no doubt read with consternation that the Lou isiana Supreme court in annulling the murder conviction of Herbert Ander son. of Allen parish, held that And erson had been discriminated against because Negroes had been excluded from jury service. Anderson, accused of killing W. H. Bishop, police chief of Oakdale, La, claimed self-defense and declared that he was denied fair treatment be cause there were no Negroes on eith er jury which indicted him or the pent jury' which convicted Mm. The court ordered the indictment ot Anderson quashed, holding that there had beer, racial discrimination denial ot the "equal rights” clause or the federal constitution. The de c-sion overruled District Judge Mark C. Pickrell, who had refused a mo ron to quash the indictment. The opinion was read by Justice Archie T Higgins. ONE COLORED. TWO WHITES IN HOSPITAL AFTER CROWD ED STREETCAR TURNS OVER Chicago. April 21 ANP» Richard S uthe was one of three passengers who were seriously injured when a street tar ran ott the tracks and over turned with about 60 passengers a b:ard Thursday morning of. last week The other two injured pas senger s were white. Approximately half if the 60 aboard the street car were colored. While only three were injured seriously enough for hospit alisation. the remaining were given first aid treatment. CIO PUNS PARTICIPATION '«BROAD POLITICAL ACTIOS CONFERENCE A MONO NEGRO TRADE UNIONISTS Plans for CIO participation in a broad political action conference of I Negro trade unionists and other pro gressives were announced here at thei National Headquarters of the CIO Political Action Committee. 205 East 42nd Street. New York City. The conference, scheduled tor Chi cago during the latter part‘ of May. was approved by Ig representatives of seven CTO unions who met here re- j cently. The meeting was called by Sidney Hillman, PAC chairman, to discuss ways and means of imple menting a political action program a mong Negro voters. Addressing the meeting. Hillman said that the Political Action Comm ittee felt the need for the advice and counsel of leading Negro trade un ionists. and asked that a program be t 'mulated as an integral part of the C10 campaign for the election of a pn cressive Congress and a liberal President. "I believe the record of the CIO is such that Negroes and all m.rcr ity groups can have faith m the soundness of our program and thej sincerity of our motives," Hillman asserted. "We have not merely giv en lip-service to the ideals of equal ity for all workers, but we have im p.emented this ideal in our own inter - natioanl unions. We have fought j consistently for greater employment opportunities and upgrading of Ne gro workers. “The activities of CIO unions on the economic front have raised the stciidard of living of workers or all races throughout the country. Now the PAC desires to secure test gains which will be endangered in tire post war period if we do not have a lib eral administration that will make it possible to have full employment tor all workers.” Recommendations were submitted; to the PAC on organizational wort: a mong colored voters and ways and: means of clarifying the issues of the campaign and strengthening the com mittee’s program among these voters. Attending the meeting were All ten Black and W. Richard Carter, Marine and Shipbuilders union; Ferdinand Smith. National Maritime Union and member of the CIO Executive Coun cil; Noah Walters, Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America ; es ley Thompson. Walter Hardin, Shc1 ton Tappes and Horace Sheffield. 1 United Automobile Workers; B >vd Wilson. Lucias Love and Tames ila son. United Steel Workers of An-er ica. Earl Davis, L’nited Transport i Service Employees of America; Ed ; ward Washington and Harold Peters j L’nited Electrical and Radio Workers and George L. P. Weaver. Director. | CIO Committee to Abolish Racial ! Discrimination. Staff members of the CIO Political j Action Committee included, in addi tion to Chairman Hillman. C. B. i Baldwin, assistant chairman. John J. \ Abt, counsel. Henry Lee Moon. Mil j ton Murray. Thomas Bums and Geo rge 5. Mitchell. INDIVIDUALS, 0R6AIZATIGNS CONTRIBUTE TOWARDS BORDEAUXS REHABILITATION HOWARD BORDEAUX FUND IS NOW $80.00 IT CAN HAPPEN TO YOU. YES—It can happen to anyone. Mr. Bordeaux, the likeness of whom you see in this column and for whom I am offering proof of his condiion, came into my office of the Omaha Guide Publishing Co., and asked me to as sume a very important position namely to act as chairman of a cam paign to raise funds to secure him a artificial leg and to accept custodian ship of this said fund. He stated he had the endorsement of the follow ing public-spirited. fraternal, civic and religious organizations: The Mid City Community Center Urban Lea gue of which Mr. R. R. Borwn is Executive Secy-.; Roosevelt Post No. 30, J. C. Carey. Commander. Elks' Lodge, Attv. Charles F. Davis, Ex alted Ruler; Dining Car Waiters Lo cal 465, Mr. Rufus Long. Executive Secy.; Ministerial Alliance. Rev. C. C. Reynolds, President After considering this request at length. I decided to assume the re sponsibility of the above campaign to raise the necessary funds with such fine endorsements and cooperation from the above groups, therefore. I am assuming chairmanship of this drive to raise the money necessary to restore this unfortunate man back on | two feet, so he will not become a pub lic care of sharin'. As custodian and chairman of this 1 fund to be raised. I sincerely assure! you that whatever amount you con tribute will go to remeding the pres ... I ent uniortunate condition of this j man. After making careful analysis of bis condition and the cost of the limb which he wants to buy, I believe the small sum of about $300 will give Mr. Bordeaux, a limb, incidental of expenses during the time of adjust ments. Mr. Howard B. Bordeaux is 63 vrs. old and with the exception of having sugar-diabetes which was the cause of the loss of his leg. he is otherwise m goor health. He is now on a diet ind under the instruction ot a Spec ialist for diabetes and the specialist says he is improving as fast as could ne expected. Mr. Bordeaux has had quite a wide ixperience with newspaper advertis ing salesmanship. It is my firm be lief that if he is rehabilitated with a limb, he will be in a position to as sume a job as advertising salesman ofr some newspaper. The Omaha Guide is attempting to get acquainted, with his salesmanship procedure and we believe that when his health per mits and he has his artificial limb, we will be in a position to find a place for him in our organization. So my friends, if you believe in rehabilitation of those less fortunate than yourself, you are hereby request ed to make your contribution for this mis fortunate man, to C. C. Galloway at 2420 Grant Street. Each week in the column of this paper the naitte of the organization or individual, will appear opposite their contributioii. The ioliowrting organizations and individuals have given this effort a shove so far up the grade : Elks' Lodge $10.00 Roosevelt Post No. 30 . 10.00 Det. Sgt. U. S. Matthews 3.00 Det. Sgt. C. C. Dudlev 3.00 Eugene McGill 10.00 Omaha Guide FubL Co. 10.00 Sgt. Carl Rabes . 15.00 H & M Buffett 10.00 Mr. Parsel 5.00 As we go to oress this week, the total sum on hand is $80.00. Thank ing you in advance for your favor able consideration for a good cause. WALTER WHITE. HOME FROM WAR FROS TS, PREDICTS WE ARE IS’ FOR LOS'G FIGHT New York—Walter White, execu tive secretary oi the NAACP, who has traveled 25,000 miles through the European and African theatres of war. returned to if w York April 14 with the prediction that we will have a much longer war than was expect SO Agents Wanted USE YOUR SPARE TIME TO MAKE YOURSELF SOME READY CASH! A JOB FOR EVERYOXE! -*-* Due to the shortage of manpower. The Omaha Guide is offering you an opportunity to make yourself some ready cash in your spare time, on your job or anywhere you might meet a friend. Please call at the office. 2420 Grant and get vour certificate i of authorization to solicit new sub scribers for The Omaha Guide at the following rate: 1 year $3.00 (Yonr Cash Commission 73c) 6 months $1.73 1 f our Cash Commission 42c) 3 months $1.2.3 ( ’t our Cash Commission 33c) Eunice Carter, Naacp Guest Speaker Here Friday Eve., May 19th WOMAN LAWYER TO VISIT OMAHA Miss Eunice Carter, former Asst. District Attorney in the office of REPUBLICAN RADIO BROADCAST! Harrison E. Spangler, rhafrman Republican Natonal Committee will speak oyer the coast-to-coast Blue Network as guest of Commentator Martin Agronsky. The time of the program will be Friday, April 28, from 8:1a a. m.. Eastern War Time, The subject: Answers to Some Campaign Ques tions. This early morning program is of ten rebroadcast at a iater hoar on Blue Network station on the West Coast Please check with your local Blue Network station to determine the exact time locally and advise your triends, 1 REVS. RIDLEY, ADAMS AND WIVES HONORED BEFORE TRIP TO AME. CONFERENCE Mrs. Georgia Borders, president of; the Sun Shine Charity Club was' hostess at her lovely home, 2622 N. 25th St., to The Sunshine Charity, Club, in one of the most beautifully! arranged honorarums of the season. I The occasion was to bid bon vovage to Dr E. F. Ridley and Mrs. Isa-1 belle Ridley his lovable wife and Dr. j and Mrs. John Adams, Sr., the Pre siding Elder on their departure to Philadelphia to attend the 59th ses sion of the General Conference of the African Methodist Episcopal church. Messrs Lillie Williams and Pearl Bommell were chairman and co-chair j man respectively. The home was beautifully decorated and the dining; room was livid in floral splendor. The pastor delivered the principle address of the evening and the Presid- j mg Elder thanked the pastor and the club in assisting St. John AME. church, in taking the lead of church es in the Nebraska Conference. Oth ers delivering spicy addresses for the occasion, were Mrs. Hattie E. Ad- j ams. Mrs. Georgia Borders, the pres ident. Mrs. Bertha Cunningham. Mrs. Emma Smith. Mrs. Nannie Kenneth. [ and Mrs. Annie Burton. Mrs. Mary Edmondson. Before serving the evening meal the evening was occupied with a mus ical and recital program. Fitting i Continued on Page IW~ - ed. He was a correspondent tor the New York Post. Mr. White reported that he was impressed primarily with the morale and spirit of Negro sold iers in the face of difficulties. Great numbers of white soldiers and offic- j ers as well, evidenced deep concern ! over the race issue as a world prob- j lem, rather than one limited to any J particular locale. After visits to camps with more | than 20,000 enlisted men, officers, j Red Cross workers and civilians, both i whites and Negroes. Mr. White pre dicts that America, with no small role ! in the struggle, will be some time ad justing to the great change now in progress. HOWARD PRESIDENTWANTS FREE WORLD HE TELLS ASSEMBLY OF MINISTERS Washington. April 24 CANP - President Mordecai Johnson of the Howard university, speaking at the Thomas E. Dewey, now governor of New \ ork state, is expected to be here shortly to speak as the guest of I the NAACP on May 19th, Frida' night at the Zion Baptist Church. GA. GOVERNOR RESISTS PBESSRE FOR ASSEMBLY TO REPEAL PRIMARY LAWS ATLANTA, April 23 (ANP> Increasing pressure by downstate pol iticians to late Gov. Araall call an extra session of the Georgia legislat ure tor the purpose of repealing all existing primary laws, in light of the Texas decision were being firmly re sisted here W ednesday by the govern or. who flatly stated that he will not call the present legislature together a gain. White Democratic party leaders in Southeast Georgia have been intrigu ed by the action of the South Carol ina legislature in repealing all laws governing party primaries and leaving the regulation of primaries to the executive committees of-political part ies. The action was taken at the extra i session of the South Carolina legis lature, called after the United States Supreme Court ruled that Negroes1 could vote in the Texas white prim ary. Georgia legal authorities are hope lessly divided on whether the ruling l af fects the Georgia primary law, in which there is no reference to a “white" primary, but state officials contend that if there is no law to j contril state primaries, then there would be nothing for the supreme court to pass on. Members of the Georgia Commis sion to Revise the State Constitution had this plan in mind when they strode out of the now constitution all regulations as to the qualifications of voters, but their action will not af fect the state primary scheduled for July 4. It would take immediate leg islative action to affect that primary. Meanwhile a growing number of Negro Georgians have expressed the intention to avail themselves of the political emancipation handed them by the supreme court, and vote for the first time in 50 years in the Georgia Democratic primary on July 4. public meeting of the Washington bureau of the Fraternal Council ot Negro churches on Tuesday night, presented his views on world affairs and the peace, and won the plaudits of some 1.500 persons gathered to hear him speak. Three weeks ago Dr. Johnson was endorsed by the Baptist Pastors con ference of Chicago as the likely Ne gro to be presented at the peace table. The endorsement was given on the basis of his "courage to fittinglv rerpesent the race," as well as his character and foresight The well-known educator, speaking in parable form, set forth his views on four items: 1. He rejected isolationish and favored a world organization. 2. He opposed imperialism and favored self-government for colonial peoples. 3. He rejected war as a means of settling international disputes. 4. He demanded a "demonstration of trust" by the United States by do ing for the Negro in this country “what ought to be done for the In dians. the Africans, the Philropmes and others.” "What we want is a world that Have you entered your favorite Die or cake in our Recipe Contest? p. 4 General Election Becomes Key to S. G. Fight for “While Supremacy99 COLUMBIA. S. C, April 23—(A NP)—It became unmistakably clear early last week that the hitherto for gotten general election wiii provide the next major fight in South Caro lina. Heretofore, because of the ab sence of opposition, not even the white Democrato themselves have bothered to vote in the general elec tion—the actual legal election. In the last general election, the state gave approximately 12.500 votes. In 1942, Columbia elected a mayor and two councilmen on a total of 39 vot es in the general election. Aeaction to an announcement that colored citizens through their Dem ocratic organization planned, to have their own complete ticket in the gen eral election, was immediate last week. Some of the lawmakers now in extra session to purge statutes ot primary regulations, sensed a threat more serious than Negro participation in the primary. Sen. Joe Berry of Richmond coun ty famed that “Unless we ran urge the white people in South Carolina to go and qualify themselves so they can vote in the general election this fall, we are accomplishing nothing.r The Columbia Record, editorializing on the importance of the general el ection, Monday said: "It is import ant that every qualified elector should participate both in the prim ary and m the general election. The Democratic party may be opposed in the general election.” Incidentally it has repeatedly warn ed that one morning white Democrats are liable to awake, and find then nominees defeated in a general elec tion because of neglect. The effort to block Negroes out of politics in South Carolina is by no means confined to the white Demo cratic party. In Charleston just last motnh, no less than 300 of them were turned away from places of registra tion. The devices heretofore em ployed by registration clerks against Negroes are too numerous to men tion. But they range from requiring the registrant to “interpret” the con stitution and recite it from memory to the bald statement, “Voting is not for Negroes. (This actually hap pened in Berkeley county in 1939). In 1940. Mrs. Lottie P. Gaffney, a school teacher in Cherokee county, attempted to register for the general election. Thrice was she refused, ev- I en with a witness. She sued offk-! ials but a federal court ruled against her at Spartanburg two years ago. VV ith the primary broken up eub^ er through the repeal of former leg- ! islation safeguards or a supreme court decision, other means of keep- j ing Negroes out of politics will be employed. Without doubt, these will be used by registration clerks so long j as it shall go uncontested. Generally, any native born citizen, or a person who has resided- in the [ state for two years, can qualify to vote in the general election. Women over 21 simply apply to registration clerks at their county courthouse the first Monday of each month, provid ed that date is more than 30 days a- ; way from an election. They pay no I tax and need only to be able to read and write or own property valued at not less than S300. Men between the ages of 21 and 59 must show a poll tax receipt. Other wise their qualifications are the same as for women. Persons regsitering now will have to re-register in 1948. In cases where legal qualifications ' tor registration are met and there is! refusal by clerks under any pretense whatsoever, the legal section of the NAACP is a good place to go. Cases. of this nature will not have to be car ried to the U. S. Supreme Court. The district court will suffice. will set all men free,v he declared. “When this war is over, we want. L ncie Sam to stay in until it is real- j ly over.” Dr. Johnson could not be sure that, without tde aid of the United States, others of our allies would mete jus tice to the colored pjeoples of the world. He called tor an end to “ex ploitation of human life by the Brit ish." in particular. The educator also found occasion to insist that here in America we have1 a “strong federal government more powerful than any great econo mic organization or combination of organizations which would interfere | with the national will.” He anticipates that unless there is a coalition for good, a war of color inevitable. William Woods Dies at Lincoln OHIO EDP mi PRESIDENT MACEO HILL Cchimbus. Ohio. April 24: Th“ 'ibio League of Young Republicans Orbs in their annual convention here tliis week elected Maceo Hill vve prisident of the League. Hill has been on the Publicity staf t j o: Governor John W. Broker woo is no a outstanding caddate. The election of a Negro to the Hce pitsidency marks the peculiar success ful history of Ohio's strongest Repub lican organizations. MEHARRY GETS 4 MILLION DOLLAR GIFT FOR COLLEGE ENDOWMENT FUND Announcement of a $4,000,000 ap propriation for the endowment fund of Meharry Medical College. Nash ville. by the general Education board, was made today by Charles Nelson, president of the board of trustees of the institution and President Ed ward L. Turner. -At me same time, rt was announc ed that an additional grant of $300. 000 from the same source, to be us ed as a contigent fund for current expenses of the institution, becomes effective July 1. Nelson said notice of the action of the General Education Board follow ed the efforts of the Board of Trust ees and President Turner over a per iod of several years to bring about stabilization of the institution's fin ancial program, so that plans may be matured for its future development. President Turner said that the an nouncement by the General Educat ion Board “is the fruitation of about five years of good, hard work on the problem of getting Meharry’s fin ancial position reasonably stable." “Heretofore," he added, “we have depended on annual grants which have j been subject to variation. What this means.” he continued, “is the stabil- j izat;on of these annual grants, so! that we may now plan ahead for' for years rather than for a single j year ” “The developments which led to1 this gift would not have been possible but for the splendid work done by j my colleagues. I am deeply grati- j fied and most appreciative of what I the General Education Board has done. In that I express not only my opin;m but that of the Meharry fac ulty as well," President Turner said j Referring to the cooperation of the Executive Committee of the Board of Trustees, headed by Charles Nelson, j President Turner said he could not i have accomplished much at Meharry but for its full cooperation. Mem bers of the Executive Committee are Charles Nelson. Walter M. Morgan, A. B. Benedict. O. W. Hyman. M. S. Davage, T. Graham Hall, W S. Lea thers, G. W. Claridge and E. L. Tur ner. The $4,000,000 appropriation ann cnnced today, according to Nelson, assures the college, in addition to its more than $2,000,000 plant, an endow ment in excess of $5,000,000. leading Negro Institution Meharry Medical College, rated a- 1 meng the leading institutions in the j country for Negroes, was organized . in 1876. as the medical department of i the old Central Tennessee College. In October. 1915 Meharry Medical I College obtained a new charter for the State of Tennessee as an inde pendent institution, to support and maintain a medical college, with de partments of medicine, dentistry, pharmacy and nurse training, toget her with the maintenance of a hospit al, and was granted such powers and privileges as usually exercised by in t “.Vo more loyal or devoted man ever worked for the State." —from an Editorial. FUNERAL SERVICES FOR PIONEER MASON HELD FROM QUINN CHAPEL AME. CHURCH. THURS.. APRIL 27 Mr. William Woods, age 76 years, died Saturday evening, April 22nd at his residence, 630 South Twentieth street Lincoln, Nebraska. He first j came to Lincoln in 1901 and was em ! ployed by the Lincoln Hotel and the j Old Country Club as steward. In 1907, he first entered tlie employ of the state as caretaker of the Gover : nor’s Mansion, serving the following governors: George L. Sheldon. A. S. ! Shallenberger, Chester Aldrich, John j H. Moorehrad, Keith Neville. Sam uel R. McKelvk. Adam McMulkn. Arthur J. Weaver. Charles Brvan, Roy L Cochran and Dwight Gr» ! wold. In an editorial from one of Nebr aska's largest newspapers, it was stated: “No more loyal or devoted man ever worked for the state.” Governors came and departed, bat William Woods stayed on. withoat regard for politics, unobtrusively per forming his duties in the manner of a painstaking and conscientious man. It did not make any difference to him whether they bore democratic or republican labels. And to the credit of the men who filled the governor's office since 1907. it should be sc id partisan considerations had no in fin enci in determining Wood's men tion, he has been a good citizen and is respected and honored by all who knew him." He had held his posit ion with the State for so long he was affectionately known by his many friends throughout the country, as the Second Governor’. During McKelvie's administration while plans were in the making for the erection of the Nebraska new ten million dollar Capitol Building, all plans submited were placed in the trust of Mr. Woods at the Mansion as the Governor was residing else where. Such leading architects as Bertram G. Goodhue and John Rus sell Pope were among those who sub mitted plans. Mr. Woods became a member of the AME. Church in 1903 under the pastorate of Rev. Wooten and has been a faithful member ever since,— serving continuously on the Steward and Trustee Boards. He also served as a member of the building comm ittee oi th; present^ structure of Quinn ChiyjeL.. He is one ot the oldest Masons in the state, having been a member of Lebanon No. 3, A. F. & A M. since Nebraska's jurisdiction. He has been a member of this Grand Lodge since its inception, holding various offices and at the time of his death, Ik was Grand District Deputy. Mr. Woods is survived by his taitful wife, Elizabeth M., two sons, Millard T„ Red Cross Director, now serving in North Africa, Delmar J., recently discharged from the army one grandson. Millard T., Jr., and other relatives. Funeral services were held Thurs day afternoon, April 2T, from Quine Chape! A. M. E. Church with Presie ing Elder John Adams, Rev. L. S Goolsby, Rev. O. J Burchardt. offic iating. Masonic rites were conducted by the Most Worshipful Grand Lodge of Nebraska. Burial was at Wvuk; cemetery. BimMIHIlllllll—MMUMMWlta— stitutions of that type, with power tc confer degrees. The late Dr. George W. Hubbard tor when, Hubbard Hospital wa named, was its first president. Ii 1921 Dr. John J. Mullowney becam its president. During his adminis tratioc the Genera! Education Boars the Rosenwald Fund. George East man. of Kodak fame, and others con tributed to erect the present plant a 1005 Eighteenth Avenue. North whic cost approximately $2,250,000 an which was completed in 1931. Dr Mullowney resigned as presk ent of the institution in 1938, whe Dr. Turner was named as its presk ent, which position he has since o» cupted. During its long existence, Meharr has conferred approximately 5.0*30 d grees, and its graduates are local* ir. Negro communities throughout ti | United States. Central America ar ! the West Indies and Africa. Subscribe Today! Soldier’s Letter Tells of Racial Harmony in Army Hospitals New York, April 22 (ASP) —A picture of racial harmony in Army hospitals was given this week when Pfc Murray E. Bocamick s letter to : the people s column of Time magaz f ine was published. T wish some of those bigoted per j sons who are the spokesmen for the unfortunate people of the southern states would spend a week in this army hospital,' ’ wrote Pfc Bocamick. "It would be a valuable lesosn for] them." “We are in a quarantined ward for ! mumps. Four of the 16 patients are N’egroes. and nine of the 12 white soldiers hail from the sooth. There j has not been one instance of racial friction since I have been here. We play cards together, borrow each other's books and stationery, bum each other's cigarettes And fin ally, I have never heard the racial problem discussed with more judge ment, discretion and frankness ti in this ward “When called upon to share a c tnon undertaking in a common ba ground the southern soldier at a accepts the Negro soldier as anot soldier and hence as an equal W it not for the numerous restrict! imposed upon the southern Negro, civilian fife, the same would unqt rionablv held true in peacetime.”