THE OMAHA GUIDE
A WEEKLY NEWSPAPER
Published Every Saturday at 2418 20 Grant St
OMAHA, NEBRASKA
PHONE WEJbstar 1617
Entered as Second Class Matter Ma ch 15. 1927, at
the Post Office at Omaha, Nebraska, under Act of
Congress of March 3, 1879,
H. J. Ford, — — ~ Pres.
Mrs. Flurna Coopen, - — — Vice Pres.
C. C. Galloway, — Publisher and Acting Editor
Boyd V. Galloway. —• Sec’y and Treas.
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EDITORIALS
EMPLOYMENT SECURITY AND
THE NEGRO
(Reprinted irom Employment Security Review,
Vol. 7, No. 7, July 1940, pp. 12-15, Social Security
Board, Washington, D. C.
BY LAWRENCE A. OXLEY v
Bureau of Employment Security
Today, the Negro, as well as oth
er groups in our country, feels the ef
fect of a mechanized industrial and ag
ricultural society. His social and eco
nomic life has been drastically chang
ed and his search for suitable employ
ment, sufficient earnings, and employ
ment security is a major problem.
During the period 1920-1940 there
were two distinct population move
ments o£ Nogroes. Approximately
twro million Negroes migrated from the
South to urban industrial centers in
the Midwest, and to cities along the
North Atlantic Seibofard- About the
time that this movement was taking
place, one million Negroes from the
rural areas of the South moved to the
larger urban industrial centers of the
South. Thus, today large numbers of
Negro workers face a dual problem of
combating the ill-effects of the depres
sion and making adequate occupation
al adjustment to a more complex, in
dustrial social order.
How has the Negro fared in his
search for employment in this new or
changing order? What steps have
been taken to alleviate his economic
stress? As with the unemployment of
other racial groups the Negro has been
forced by economic necessity to look
to his State and Federal Government
for assistance in finding productive,
Oontinuing employment To the 1500
public eimplc/yment offices the, Negro;
has turned for occupational guidance
and job placement assistance.
Kinds of Job Openings—
Employment opportunities for
Negnoes may be said to fall into three
categories. First, there are the jobs in
which Negro workers vie with white
workers. Usually these jobs are un
skilled and semiskilled—the lower brae
ket industrial occupations. It is in
this class of jobs that Negro workers
have made their greatest advance al
ong with white workers. Here also,
however, they have experienced the
greatest losses since the depression.
Many Negroes feel that they are “the
last to be hired and the first to be fir
ed”.
The sec:nd category includes the
jobs in which Negro workers formerly
had a virtual monopoly:. They repre
sent the extremely low-paid jobs in
the industrial scheme as well as those
considered as having the least prest
ige Domestic service is typical of this
field. At one time the Negro domestic
seldom had to compete against the
white worker. Even in this field today
however, the Negroes’ job opportunit
ies are perhaps decreasing for in many
States young white girls are being
trained for domestic service. In the
industrial field many of the lower paid
jobs, originally filled by the Negro
worker, are now' done by machine.
Ditch-digging is representative of this
i^'pe of wrork. Today a mefchanieal
trench-digger supplants many pick
and shovel men.
A third category may be design
ated as that class of jobs in which few
Negroes are today employed. Includ
ed in this group are the jobs in which
employers are unaccustomed to seeing
Negroes wrnrk. Here also are the jobs
in which wdiite workers sometimes of
fer decided objections to the employ
ment of Negroes, and those occupat
ions in which Negroes are not permit
ted tdj secure training ^>r apprentice
ship. Negroes are restricted in employ
ment in other types of jubs by the em
ployment policies of some labor unions.
The services performed by public
employment offices are passing thro
ugh a period of transition and of in
creasing public scrutiny of their objec
tives, thir methods, and their acoom
plishments; and it is significant that
efforts are beng made to create sound
policies and to formulate suitable cri
teria for measuring employer-employ
ee needs. It is recognized that the re
sponsibility of every public employ
ment office is to give equal placement
assistant to all workers and to refer
job applicants to employers on the
Worker’s ability to perform the job
satisfactorily and meet the employer’s
Qualifications. Within this fundamen
tal princple there is still room, howr
ever, to gve particular consideration
and attention to1 the employment needs
of the Negro group.
Negroes in Employment Security
Program
The Bureau of Employment Sec
urity is interested in all aspects of Ne
gro occupational development and in
cooperative efforts to study this prob
lem. Recently the Negro Placement
Service completed a survey which had
as its broad purpose the evaluation of
services to Negroes by employment se
curity offices in 15 ( selected states.
Eight and one half millions, approxi
mately two-thirds of the total number
of Negroes in the United States, live in
the area studied. More specifically,
the purpose of the survey was to des
cribe in the case of each city the socio
economic and racial environment in
which the local employment service
operates; the industrial opportunities
available; the size and movement of
Negro population and workers with
their implication in the general labor
market; job opportunities for Negroes
and depression fluctuation of these op
portunities; the general inclination of
employers, and of organized labor to
ward the employment of Negro work
ers; and the attitude of employment
security personnel toward the refer
ral of Negroes to job openings for
which they are qualified.
The survey revealed the need for'
an intelligent awareness on the part of
employment security personnel rela
tive to the employment needs of the
Negro applicant, and there was also in
dicated the need for a revision of em
ployment security field-visiti^gj techi
niques and procedures, if the Negro
worker is to fully share in job openings
on a broader occupational base. In an
effort to meet these and other probl
ems in the field of Negro placement
activities, the Negro Placement Serv
ice functions as an administrative unit
of the Special Placement Problems
Section in the Bureau of Employment
Security.
(Continued next week)
DARK HUMORby ray willb
//' V**' ^
jr/TA 72/£S, 1
Ah has it,, Brothah, on good hearsay, in th’ vote at th’ lodge las’ night
you slip me a black ball.
From The Bottom Up
H. McNEIL AWARDED FOR 30
YEARS OF SERVICE
Irvyn M. McNeil, 3026 South
thirty-second street, who rose from
tho ranks to become superintend
ent of distribution of the Nebras
ka Power Company ten years ago,
completed thirty years service
with the company on August 16.
He was the dean of fourteen com
pany employees to receive service,
awards last month.
Mr.Me Nell began work in 1910
as a wireman and through a ser
ies of promotion became general
foreman of substation, repair and
meter departments on July 1, 1924.
A year later he was promoted to
assistant superintendent of the
distribution department, and; be
came superintendent on January 1
1930.
Six men received twenty-year
service pins. They are Erick W.
Carlson, 4557 Pierce street, black
smith at the main power plant;
Walter W. Krueger. 2219 South
[Eleventh street, Council Bluffs,
meter tester; Fred C. Steffs, 1902
Spring street, brickma-son at tho
power plant; Henry Roegky 2241
Larimoa-.e avenue, mechanical in
spector; Clifford Ludington, 1007
South Forty-eighth street, paymas
ter, and Edgar R- Ostrand, 3925
Castelar. line foreman.
Fifteen-year service pins were
received by, John J. Moylan, 3420
North Forty-fifth, office manag
er, sales department, Harry T.
Faulhaber. 5403 Hickory, meter
tester, and Ralph Curry, 3124
Eighth avenue, Council Bluffs, tur
biine room oiler.
First service awards granted fcy
the company, for five years serv
ice, were presented to Mrs. Veron
ica Wagner 918 South tlhirty-sev
enth street, sales clerk; James S.
Olsen, 1308 Hiatt avenue. Caitcr
Lake, lineman; Freeman E- Boyn
ton, 2885 Bristol, sub-station oc
partment. and Frederick H. Lane,
j 1915 South Fiftieth, garage em
ployee.
MUSICIANS CONVENTION AT
CHICAGO A SUCCESS
Chicago. August 29 (ANP) At
tracting musicians from every sec
tion of the country, the National
Association of NegTo Musiciank
opened in convention here at the
Metrope.itan Community Church
LUNCH j
? New Location I
1906 North 24th St.
Meals 15c & Up
The Welcoming addresses were
brought to the group by outstand
ing civic leaders, including Wend
ell E. Green, civil service commis
sioner, who spoke on behalf of
Mayor Kelly and Dr. Joseph M.
Evans, pastor of the Metropolitan
Community Church. The preskl
ent of the Association, Mary Card
Well Dawson of Pittsburgh, res
ponded.
The opening session brought a
great surprise for the audience in
that they were privileged to see
Mrs. Edward McDowell, wife of
the great composer and benefactor
of many musicians, artists, writers
and poets, at her McDowell Col
ony, and to hear her play. A pi
anist of note, Mrs. McDowell ren
dered one of her husband’s most
beloved numbers. “To a Wild Rose
Shu is 83 years old.
The musical program opencdl
with “Lift Every Voice and Sing”
with Grace Thompklns and Elmer
Simpson at the pianos, Walter L.
Gossette at the organ and J. VVes
lty Jones, directing, Mrs. Maude
Roberts George, presiding officer
was introduced by George H. Hut
chinson, Mrs. George, one of Chi
cao’s foremost musicians present
ed the artists to delegates and vis
itors.
By special request of Mrs. Mc
Dowell, the Metropolitan Commun
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ity Choir, under the direction otf
J. Wesley Jones, sang several
numbers. Others appearing on
tho program were the Progressive
Treble Clef Ensemble, Idna Wint
ers Johnson, director, and the Pil
grim Baptist Gospel Choir under
the direction of Thomas A. Dors
ery.
Plans of tho week included an
artists program for Friday nightt
when Aubrey Pankey, baritone, Or
rin Clayton, Suthern II, organist,
E'ta Moten. contralto and George
and Ethel Pierson, duo-pianists
were presented.
WHITES HELD FOR
FLOGGING
Spartanburg, S. C., Aug. 29 —
(ANP) Five white men were plac
ed under $2,BOO bonds each last
week to avdait preliminary* hear-*
ings on charges that they donned
masks and disguises on July 13
and flogged four Negro tenant
farmers on the Sam Snoddy farm
here
The five, J. George Sherbert, 46
Earl Porter, 34. Ed Watson ,27,
and Arrow Bennett, 32, were ar
rested after a four week investi
gation. The reported victims said
they were dragged from their
homes by their assailants, carried
several miles and flogged with a
leather strap.
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