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EDITORIALS
Why hot Face
Railroad Facts?
The President’s recent message to Congress,
in which he pointed to the plight of the rail
road industry and stated that it is the duty of
our lawmakers to attempt to save the lines
frrm impend ng ruin, has agin focused public
attend >n on the railroad problem. And no gra
ver r*'ustr’al problem exists.
The fprts underlying this crisis are vividly
detailed by Franklyn Waltman in the Wash
ington post. The average wrge of railway em
ployes was twice as large in 1936 as in 1916.
In 1936 Ihej paid 9 cents rut * J»ch revenue
dollar intaxes, as against 6.3 ceRts in 1929.
The cost of everything the l'nes use has made
especially notable advances since 1932. Yet,
in 193,, the freight rate !e\el was 10 per cent
lower than in 1929, and the average passenger
mile rate was 36.4 per cent lower.
To blame the condition of the railroads on
excessive capitalization— a common cry of
tbore who either misunderstand of deliberately
mistake the issue—is an error. According to
the ICC the proportion of operation revenue
for fixed charges has fallen since 1890, and in
1936 the proportion was 16.9 per. cent—materi
ally less than in 1916.
Lastly, even less founded is the charge that
the railroads have failed to keep pace with the
times, and so have unnecessarily lost traffic
to their competitors. Freight train speeds in
1937 were almost 50 per cen> higher than in
1923. Locomotive fuel consumption, in spite
of this, was the lowes on record. And gross
ton-miles per train hour also reached a record
mark in 1937.
To sum up, the real cause of the railroads
cr's's is this: A steady rise in labor and raa
teri-1 and tax costs, accompanied by a steady
decline in the rates charged for freight and
passenger service. The railroads have asked
for a “living wage” and have been refused it.
It is folly to talk of any “solution/” to the pro
lem unless it involves rate adjustments com
mensurate with the growin/g cost of carrying
on the business. What industry can continously
reduce the cost of what it sells and at the same
time pay continously more for what it buys,
and remain solvent?
-_o
Devil Take the
Taxpayer
The story of public electric power develo
ment in the state of Nebraska would be high
ly ludicrous were it not for the fact that mil
lions upon millions of dollars of general tax
payers’ money have been sunk in the silt of
Nebraska’s “many waters.”
Extensive surveys by army engineers and
private engineers long ago indicated that the
streams of Nebraska are not suited to electric
power development. Within the last quarter
century numerous attempts have been made in
thig direction, and in most instances have fail
ed miserably. jBut undaunted and with perverse
obstinacy public ownership enthusiasts have
builded ditches, dams and power bouses from
one end of the state to the other. They have
defied nature, dry riverbeds and tons of silt.
According to Ernest R. Ajbrams of the New
York Sun, out of $94,526,000 allotted for non
federal power projects by WPA, Nebraska re
ceived over 33 per cent or nearly $32,000,00.
Fifteen states, including Nebraska, received 93
per cent of the total sum.
A 8ood share of these lopsided expenditures
represent borrowed money and all of th tax
payers of the nation will share in the burden of
paying the debt, for years to come.
Apparently the politicians who would socialize
the electric industry have not the slightest un
derstanding of the word “fair." To them the
end justifies the means and Devil take the tax
payer. ,
--o
Fire Prevention
Winter is over. The good days are here. And
millions of people will soon start a pleasant
round of motoring trip, picnics, camping ex
cursions and other forms of outdoor recreation.
Hf you are one of these, you will see nature
at her best. But do your part to make sure
she continues at her best—by being careful
with fire.
There are millions of acres of ravished,
blackened stum land in this country that once
bore magnificent trees -because someone was
careless with a camp fire. Some of the finest
natural garden« have been turned into ashy
wastes-—because someone was careless with a
cigarette. Animals apd humans have perished
homblv in holocausts of ragirjg flame—because
somfone took a chance with fire.
Almost all states have laws aginst throwing ;
matches or lighted tobacco from cars—obey
them rigorously. They are sound laws, desigis
ed for your protection, and they deserve your
cooperation. An excellent practice is to break
a match in two between your fingeis >foie
dropping it—then you’ll know that it really U I
out.
L'on’t go on a camping trip without the basic j
tools of fire control—a shovel and a good-sized
bucket: If possible, make a rock fireplace for
your fi:e. Under no circumstances build it near
bru h, dry leaves or other easily inflammable
materials. Don’t build a large fire—a relative
ly small oreo is adequate for all camping needs.
And when yoru are through with it, really put
it out—douse it with water, and shovel dirt
over the ash. Be certain that not aspark re
mains.
The prevention of fire in the outdoors ts its
own reward—it guarantees that there will be a
beauty spot for you to visit next year.
-o-—
Things One Remembers
by R. M. Hofer
The Bonneville hydro-electric development on
the Columbia River, is the the second ggg to
be hatched in the government’s power sociali
zation incubator.
As one listened to the stories its promoters
told of the blessings it would bring to the North
i wes*-, one almost became hypnotized with the
1 thought th"t this great section of the Un<ited
i Otatos had ever seen electric lights. Then
when the spell-binding; ended one suddenly re
membered that tjigre had been electric lights
and power in the Northwest ever since one could
remaube.1, and that, starnge as it may seem,
Bonneville could be washed out completely and
not a wheil would stop turning or a light stop
burning in all the country tributary to it.
The people of seven states counties in Ore
gon were asked at a recent special election to
vote for a tax-exempt power districts to use
tax-exempt Bonneville power, in competition
with the power service they already enjoy
from highly-taxed private Companies, which
taxes help support their schools, roads and all
public activity, including paying for Bonneville.
And what happened! The spell must have
been broken. By a majority of nearly two to
one, the people of the seven counties voted not
to saddle themselves with debt to duplicate
their greatest tax assets, private eleceric com
panies. ' ^
The Northwest needed Bonneville about as
much as the average home needs two pianos
and maybe the voters looked at the matter in
that light when it came to going into debt for
something they already have, and when the
thing they have is a taxpayer instead of a tax
eater. j * a .
-o
Face the Facts
Fix the Pump
| After five years of pump priming, the water
I seems to have gone back into the well. It does
not do much good to prime a pump unless the
mechanism is right to hold the water.
\ye might as well face the fact that it looks
as if too much political meddling with business
has just about wrecked the pump.
Walter Lippmanru, one of the most fearless
and realist is writers in the nation, in a recent
syndicated article, shows that mere govern
ment spending will never solve the question
of depression as long as business incentive is
discouraged. Elasy credit will only put busi
ness deeper in the hole, unless it is permitted
to make a profit. On the possibility of busi
ness expansion under such conditions, Mr. Lipp
mann says:
“With capital gains and undistributed pro
fits taxes piled on top of ernormous surtaxes,
all the risks remain but the prospect is vir
tually gone.” In addition to necessity for cor
recting such a killing tax system, Mr. Lipp
mann adds that “business will have to be as
sured that the sit-down strike is not going to
be permitted and that there is going to be an
end of tolerated violence and of government
favoritism in collective bargaining. There will
have to be peace with the utilities. There will
have to be peace with th railroads and some
end to the arrangement by which rates are
fixed by one government board and wages by
another.” And he might have added, a cessa
tion of legislative proposals in Congress to de
stroy busines and drive up the cost of living.
How can pump priming do any permanent
good with rotten valves to hold the water af
ter it is raised from the bottom of the well ?
-o
Savings Bank
Life Insurance
Periodically there is agitation for the issu
ance of life insurance by saving banks, where
the man wanting a policy may go in, look over
the list of contracts, make his selection and
complete his purchase.
There is probably nothing against this sys
tem of issuing life insurance—if adequate legal
safeguards for the protecton of the buyer are
erected. But it is inconceivable that the Ameri
can people would have ever purchased $120,
000,000 of life insurance protection, as they
have, in “over the couniter” buying.
Savings bank life insurance has been legal
in Massachusetts for a Vreat many years—
yet the total is extremely small in comparison
to that of the regular stock and mutaj compa
nies doing business in that state. It is the
agency system, under which men trained in un- |
dei-writing call upon the prospective buyer,
that it is responsible for our being the best
insured of all the world’s peoples. No other
system can hold a candle to it.
Between
The Lines
An apprecia.ion of the President'*
Wife 3y Gordon H. Hancock,
“The Gloomy Dean” for ANP
Eleanor The Great
One of the firust influence be
ing exerted upon the life of
America and the world today is
that Mrs. Roosevelt. It is at once
exalted and powerful. She h»s
brought to the White House some-1
thing tha» blesses a nation, anH
although it cannot be described or
defined, it is there. There has
been no coronation day nor pttbl’c
coronation, but in the heart of
the.sa United States Mrs. Roose
velt has been crowned queen. Up
on her head rests no royal diadem
handed down by ancestors through
long generations; but she carries
upon her brow the invisible dia
dem of a nation’s gratitude and
affections. Wherever she goes she
radiates sunshine and common
sense and above alt minds her own
business.
These months she has both
graced the White House she has
not made a single mistake. Just
how she has steered her course
through sueh critical times with
out one major mistake is one of
the marvels of the century. She
knows how to deal with person
alities and issues with e know
ledge born of Heaven. Above all
Mrs. Roosevelt rings true on the
color question. It is with her e’ en>
as it was with Father of odd, she
seemed destined of God “for such
a time as this." Mrs. Roosevelt is
not; an official of the United
States, because her husband is its
chief executive. She is rot merely
great because she is the wife of
a great man. She is great on her
owi account! She has wisdom; She
has abilitv. She has that unyield
ing moral courage that is rare
among the sons of men. She is a
great mother and a great public
man's wife. She is a great m’s
tress of the White House; hut she
gives no evidence of being Presi
dent. She is a blessing to her day
and generation. The errorless
Eleanor! The women of Amerci
could profit from a close study
of the woman and her ways.
It is customary among narow
guaged statesmen to interrogate
white chaninior»s of Negroes rights
thus: “Would you let your daugh
ter marry a Negro?" Mrs. Roose
velt has answered once for nil
this irrelevant question. Her
daughters are already married and
when she gave them in marriage,
;t was not to a Negro. Mrs.
Roosevelt is giving to the Negro
race along with the nation some
thing more important than her
daughters' hand. She is giving
them encouragement and a help
ing hand. She is trying to make
them feel like humans. She is ever
trying to extend unto a stricken
race the sympathy and encourage
ment without which they will sure
die! She is trying to have Negroes
know that true tristocraey is more
manifest in helnfulness than in
haughtiness; that the real Nor
dies are humance!
I
Ufv>n nearly everv ouestion of
the day Mrs. Roosevelt has been
approached and menv of these in
volve directly or indirectly her
hn‘•bard. Not once has she an
swered to the detriment or em
boernssment of her husband. It
f"kcs ore genius bo play the part
she is olaying than it takes to
olay the nart of a President.
Playing safe by saving nothing
he- merit*-; but saying plenty and
still playing safe is marvelous.
At first she interesting; later
she was delightful; still later she
was marvelous; today she is ma
iestic and indeed is she enshrined '
in the hqart of this nation as its |
uncrowned queen. Her life and'
labors are a moral tonic for our
distressed social order. In sptte of ■
the pressure that the depression
I and recession place upon the
Negroes, the Roosevlts have made
n.s feel more a part of the nat'on
than ever we felt before. The
"tip-doe” policy for Negores
about the White House has been
^lasted and Mrs. Roosevelt more
than any other person in the
world is responsible for its blast
ing. Mrs. Roosevelt knows th*>*
mendicants cap never be men an*’
that sychonhants cannot n?ver he
citizens and the way she has driv
en this fact home to the hearts
of this ration is reassuring. But
in her exalted afand on race re
lations she is not olone. She is
surrounded by friends who encour
age her to do what they them
selves felt like doing but were
afraid.
This writer is convinced that
race relations in this country are
improving; that racial understand-!
ing is far in advance of racial'
policy. He has further contended
that the greatest need in race re-1
lations moral courage and this is ■
what Mrs Roosevlt is commend
ing to the nation This nation is i
proud to hail its uncrowned queen
ELEANOR THE GREAT.
Colored M. E. Church
Holds 19 th Quadrennial
H t Spri”gs, Ark., May 11
(ANP)—The regligious spo'l g'it
of the nation centered this week
on two Southern cit:es—Hot
Springs, where the 19th quadren
nial Conference of the Colored
Methodist Church opened on May
4, and Birmingham, Ala., where
th*» General Conference of the
Methodist Episcopal Church, Souta
opened last week, handed down a
history-making decision on Thurs
day on the controversial church
merger program.
Here in Hot Springs the atten
tion of Bishops, Presiding Eiders,
ministers, church officials and
laymen centered about the Epis
copal address on May 5, deliver
ed by Bishop James A. Bray of
Chicago, elevated to the bishopric
at the 1934 general conference in
St. Louis. The quadrennial con
ference, highest legislative and
governing body of the C. M. E.
Church, holds special significance
this yeah because of its broad
field of endeavor and because of
the importance of its Episcopa
message to the Negro laity of the
nation.
In Birmingham, on April 28 like
a U. S. Supreme Court decision,
with two dissenting Bishops—Col
lins of Rihmond, Va., and War
ren A. ‘Candler, Atlanta,, Ga.—
tho white M. E. Church, South,
through its Episcopal address, de
livered by Bishop Hoyt M. Hobbs
of Shreveport, La., commended
tho unification plan of the three
branches of Methodism ,and de
clared, “It is worthy of thorough
consideration and such action is
befitting the most important mat
ter before the church since its
organization followed the split in
1814 over slavery.
Senator Carter Glass of Virginia
opposing the plan, sounded off:
“Its will bring the Negro into our
other churches." Heading advo
cates, white Bishop John M.
Moore rebuted, “The racial ques
tion is rot involved!” The CME
Church, in a sense, grew out of
1 he M. E. Church, South
Bishop Bray on National Problems
Delivering the CME Episcopal
address on May 6, Bishop Bray,
discussing the present economic
plight of the Negro, declared,
“Since the Negro was emancipa
ted, the race has purchased 738
000, homes; and operated 860,000
farms, 20 million acres, 31,000
nun re miles. This area is equal
to the five New England states:
New Hampshire, Vermont, Mass
achusetts, Connecticut anJ Rhod •
friand. More than 96 per cent of
this area is in the South. Add to
this 70,000 businesses conducted,
the accumulated wealth of the
Negro since 1866 is rated at $2,
480,000,000. Such advancement is
nothing less than miraculous.
“Such are our economic assets.
This must not blind us to our
economic liabilities. The depression
of almost eigth years has brought
the Negro face to face with the
most serious economic situation
the race has faced since the
Emancipation. Approximately two
million Negroes are unemployed
and quite as many on relief shown
by 1933 statistics and with the
•iresen4 down-curve, there will be
rr>oro for 1938. The In rye Negro
un-mplayment is attributed to dis
erimination in point of employ
ment. Nowhere does the Negro
♦and, an even chance for emnloy
mf,n+. The race must be instruct
ed as to their just share in govern
| THE LOW DOWN
HICKORY GROVE
Susie—that is Mrs. Jo—says she
to me the other day, Josephus, she
says, what is this pump priming
business I a all
the time seeing
in the paper?
And I was
brought up in the*
country and have
tried to prime a
pump when the
well was dry and
you can keep!
on priming it tiilC
the cows cornel
home and all you*
get is a wheeze and a gurgle. So
that is the way I explained it.
But Susie, says, I am not talk
ing about any pump in the coun
try—I am talking about pumping
onev like they do down in Wash.
So I says, pouring water in a
pump, when the well is dry, and
pouring money in a gopher’s hole,
like in Wash., it is no different.
And if you get hack half what you
put in, you are doing good.
And Susie savs, who is getting
the money —and do you have to
crawl into a gopher’s hole to get
it? and I says, with the diet I am
on, I could easy enough get into a
gopher’s hole.
So nothing came of our conver
sation—and it is the same with
pump priming.
Yours, with the low down,
Jo Serra
ment relief and for the city. Much
•offerin' is being it reased by
lnrg-’ movements to urban centers.
The N. E. Unification Plan
"The historical r latio; n be
tween the Colored Mejhodist Epis
copal Church and the Mcthod’st
Episcopal, Sou’h, have from t me
ti time yielded such fruits of fel
lowship and mutal aid, each g ving
the other an opportunity to mak-'
co i rihutions, sh ubl be corservel.
This fellowship has been ef great
er value than the casual oKse:vef
•*“o appreciate. In view of the
practically certain adoption of the
rian of Unification of the Meth
odist Episcopal Church, the Meth
odist Episcopal Church, South,
'"d the Protestant Mo'hodist
Church, the Methodist Episcopal
Church, South, and the Protestant
Methodist Church, we express our
selves in sue a wav as may you
choose, to the General Conference
! of the Episcopal Church, South,
meeting in Birmingham, uoon the
I necessity of conserving the r!ch
values already achieved in inter
racial cooperation bv the Metho
dist Episcopal Church Sooth, and
1 th„ Colored Method'st Spiscopal
Church, through Paine College anil
iho veneral departments of the
two churches.’
Fight against Lynching
Continues Unabated
'Detailing tne concentrated at
‘*.oW rf the OME Church, since
1922. aginst the Ivnchira? evil, B s
hop Bray said. “During the quad
rennium lending up to this Genr
eral Conference 193B, since our
last General Cor/erence, there
has been 5’ lvnchings—49 of whom
were Negroes. These expressions
horror, disapporwal, condemnation
i and comtempt for this uniustif'
| able, inhuman and barWc un
I American practice show that yo r
| Episcopal leaders are alert to the
necessity of abolishing lynching
I if the America government is to
“The Commission on Interracial
Cooperation with headquarters in
Atlanta, with representatives com
posed of boTTT whites arjd Negroes,
bended by Will W. Alexander and
r B. Eleazer. stands out as one
of the wise achievements for the
"rom°*ion of interracial goodwHl.
The e are 62 Southern white col
’eges giving special courses in
race relat!o*'s with a total of 108
offering an! executing courses in
ynro relations, Wp con
‘■tppe our vigorous opposition to
•'ll forms of lawlessness, concen
‘rntHng much of our interest to
•'•ard the elimination of that most
Mireatening evil in American civi
’ Nation—lynching.
Nn Increase in Bishops Bench
“We have eight bishops. In our
’’udgment eight active bishops can
give adequate Episcopal supervi
sion to our Conference and ehur
hes at this lime. We have some
and vigorous bishops who can ef
fectively serve their Episcopal dis
tricts than the,, are serving now.
Thev are willing to have their
Episcopal districts increased in or
der to utilize their surplus ener
gies for the church. In view of
these facts and facing the general
necessary movement towlard re
trenchment rather than expansion,
we recommend that you retain at
present the number of bishops at
mom than eight active ones. Con
sidering our present bench, wtf
recommend no Episcopal election
at this General Conference.
Nemo education in the South;
Tt\ suite of the handicaps and hind
rnneces on all sides, the Negro
advancement in education has been
startling!v rapid. In 17 Southern
at-stes with seggregoted schools,
thero are 2,500,00 pnnils enroll»v
*-» 25,000 elementary schools.
There are 900,000 colored child
ren in Southern states who are
"ither not provided with school
faciBties or who are out for other
causes. Tn college attendance,
‘here has boon an increase from
’"ss than 1 OOO in ’900 to 000
todav The people will believe i” our
educational nrogrnm and objectives
—ben the church not only trains
its leaders through ’ts co’leges.
but when the church recognizes Its
own work bv making full use of
!ts trained product..
The Military a”d Naval Service
“In view of the persistent dis
"crtmination against the Negro !„
‘be different branches nnr Mill,
♦a—, nr,d Naval services' in tbeMili
*orv and Nes*»1 nendamios, and
*rmv Air Force; and in the
foiirts of the Department of Jus
tice,
“We recommend '.that nunroeri
ate memorials he framed and di
rected b,. this General Conference
‘o the President and Congress of
‘be United States, -calling atten
*’on to these undemocratic and ur
\ mfc-icsn attitudes end nract'Ves.
and ur<ring that Negroes be admit- '
1 cd and —aptpe*ed in a]l branches *
of onr Military forces, ipcludfng
'be Army, the Naw ard tile Air
’force, and to the West Point Mili
tary the Annapcl’s M-val nnd to
■ ’’ National Acodemies, oni i>ar
’••Itb all other citizens- "Iso that
remnatent Negroes be given equai j
r-moderation for appointment in j
••’1 the Courts of the Department
r f ,Tnofi(*A
Economic Highlights
The n>'w Anglo-Italian pact
marks a g. eat step toward the pre
servation of world peace and com
pletely pustifies the attitude taken
by th> Cham'erlain government
which forced the resign ition of
Anthony Eden.
The new Anglo-Italian pact
marks the complete and unequivo
cal sell-out of England to the Na
zis and Fascists, and is proof of
the "perfidity of Albion."
Thoso two statements indicate
the extreme of opinion regarding
this immensely hnnprtarrt docu
e;xt, signed the dav before Easter
hv Count Ciano, Italian Foreign
Minister, and lord Perth, BrH'sh
Ambassador to Rome. Nothing that
has happened in tangles! Europe
has seared up more headlines—or
Soon reflected in more diversity of
onin/ion. Both the pact’s friends
and enemies are intensely ve*~al.
Ad it seem* n certa'nty that if the
rhomherlnin government and the
foreign policy it has adopted re
main in the ascendant, it w.dl be
hecause of this pact. Ani if the
Chamberlain government falls, it
will likely he because of this pact.
Only time can tell what will come
of it_or answed the more immed
iate question of what the English
asses think of cooperation and
conciliation with t^e dictators.
The nact rom''le‘elv cover*
ooii't* of conflict, between Italian
end English interest* in the Med
iterraean. Italy guarantees to
cease spreading anti-English pro
napfcn.li fcmong fBrit|ir/s Afri
can subjects. She Ukewiae guaran
tees the preservation of Englan»l s
rights in Tj«k« Tana, headwaters
of the Blue Nile. And the two
governments agree to inform acn
other beforehand in the event of
ar.y chages in their military facil
ities n both the Mediterranean and
the Red Sea.
Of KTeater importance »o rar as
the rest of the world is concerned,
is Fnrr'"nd’s great concession to
ttpiy_. Vio •> ~*eps to recognize the
of F^iopia, and to help
Italy get recognition to a bloody
conquest which was strongly de
nounced by the English govern
ment in power at that time.
Of equal importance is what
amounts to an abandonment of the
Spanish non-intervention pact. It
aly agrees to withdraw her troops
and supplies from that troubled
coun*rv. (thus, by indirection of
ficially admitting what everyone
knew: that -he has been active
participant in the revolution) ns
non as the war ends. This is the
las* straw so far as the Spanish
government <s corremed, and
r>v>Ves r Franco v:"t"rv, and the
consentient esf.*iblishmer,t' of a
Spanish Fascist government large
ly dominated by Hit'cr. a virtual
certairtv. .
So far as this pact’s possible in
fluence on the map of Europe is
corremed. pu '<TiiWl VlT^® could
hardly have been more effective. It
means that England, rightly "r
wronglv has pin “whole hog in
concilliating the dictators. It
means that France is left alone,
horde red by enemies—(and tihafc,
from necessity, she too may. be
forced to attempt to make similar
pacts with Gerarov end Italy. It
means that the little countries,
such as Czechoslovakia (hat “is
land of demovracy in a sea of des
potism”) have been abandoned to
their fate—which must almost in
evitably mean subservience to the
will of the Reich, even if thev es
cape being made a geographical
part of German, as was Austria.
It means, finally, that Russia will
stand alone, a gigantic lard con*
peting Europe and Asia, in oppos
ition to Hitler and, to a lesser ex
tent, Mussolini. If all this comes to
pass, the stage will be set for an
invasion of iRussia by Germany—
possibly accompanied bv an inva
sion by Japan from the Asiatic
side.
Thus, it s apparent, even from
thig brief review, that the possible
' conseouences of present da v IV**
tish policv, as reflected in this
pact, are limitless. The pact has
undoubtedly delated, though no
one know* how jon, the possiblity
of a major European war. But,
think its critics, it has, at the
same time, furthered an eventful
which will be all h° more hor
rible and destructive because of
♦h* concessions that belliger
ent dictators have wrung from Bri
tain. Certainly, from anv point of
view, the pact has immensely
weakened the sick cause of Eu
ropean deocracy.
So far as this country is con
cerned. it seems to b"> true that
♦be Chamberlain government and
its policies are unnopular—an that
this n*ct has ade even more re
mote the chance of tb| American
pconle beintg willing to pnter into
accord with England. Likewise,
today is one of rigorous isolation.
—0O0—
The business outlook has chang
ed liH'e. “Moderate bet^erme’-t" is
I still the opinion of most econom
l ists—and thev are being extreme
ly cautious about forecasts.
The pending <rovernment spend
ing program will, of course, be a
favorable factor. However, fast
excellence seems to indicate th^t
the gains resulting from govem>
ment. spending are lost as soon ns