APRIL 4.1907.
THE NEBRASKA INDEPENDENT
thousand trainmen propose to strike.
A strike will cost the railroads heavily,
making it necessary still farther to
increase earnings. It will cost the
railroad men heavily, making it neces
sary to get still higher incomes some
where. It will cost the public most of
all, because In the last analysis it
will pay the cost of the strike to the
railroads and to the trainmen and
risk loss of business, perhaps paralysis
of the present general prosperity, be
sides. Representatives of the govern
ment are in Chicago trying to bring
about a peaceful settlement of the dis
pute, but they can only advise and
plead. , Evidently there is an element
lacking here, a factor to determine on
accurate knowledge and from a judical
standpoint the relative rights of the
three parties at interest, the wages the
trainmen should get with due regard
to the rates the public should pay and
the profits the railroads sftould make.
It is not civilization to permit a mat
ter of such moment to be decided by
force or by the fiat of one of the
parties to the dispute.
EASTER.
Easter is the oldest and the most
emphasized festival of the Christian
church. The festival of the resurrec
tion was made much of long before
the festival of the birth was thought,
of. Eusebius, a Christian historian
of the fourth century, tells us that the
festival had taken on importance early
enough that a discussion had arisen as
early as the year 159 over its date. One
branch of the church had formed the
custom of observing the day of the
month on the day of the week when
the resurrection was believed to have
occurred, the other preferred keeping
' the day of the year.
Throughout at least eighteen cen
turies, therefore, the Easter festival
has been to the church a day of de
claration of the belief without which,
according to its chief doctrinal author
ity, all Christian preaching and belief
are vain, the belief in the risen Christ.
But the origin of the festival of the
risen life is back of the Christian era,
and broader than any race or religion.
The triumph of spring over winter, the
resurrection of plant life, gave our
German ancestors an "Ostern" long be
fore they heard of the resurrection in
the garden of Joseph. The eggs which
play a part in our Easter observance
were symbdls of resurrection in the
mythologies of pre-Christian peoples.
This goes to explain how Easter is
almost universally accepted as a day
of rejoicing regardless of religious be
lief. The rising of nature, a perpetual
miracle, is universal in its appeal and
-makes Easter one of the happiest and
most hopeful of the world's days. -
SENATORIAL. CRITICISM.
. One of the members of the senate
finance committee is reported to have
said that the state was expending a
large amount of money for the univer
sity, and there was nothing to show
what had been done with it. If the
senator really desires information, it
is easily had. Of the $630,000 appropri
priated by the last legislature, $350,000
was expended for salaries and wages,
and the name and salary of each em
ploye appears on pages 3 to 82 of the
printed biennial report, a copy of
which is furnished to each member. If
he will compare this pay roll in gross
amount of individual salaries, with the
payrolls of other universities having
the same attendance, he will discover
that the expenditure is exceedingly
small. Of the balance $80,000 was ex
pended for general current expenses,
the items of which appear on pages
83 to 111 of the report. By comparison
with other institutions, this is very low.
The remaining $200,000 was - expended
for new Buildings, equipment, repairs,
Improvements, farm departments, the
Items of which appear on pages 112 to
162 of the report. If the senator desires
to see the original vouchers they are
accessible at any time.
In view of the absolute publicity of
all university accounts, oaeh itotn pass
ing throug.Ii the auditor's office, such
a remark ns is attributed to the sena
tor can only be explained as hostility
to the university. If a senator does not
believe in higher education, Jt is his
privilege to attack it. This does not
Injure its standing. To p'il the good
name of the university by insinuation
ns to its accounts, when tha public
records show the indisputable fart that
the regents have maintained a univer
sity at a lower cost In all lins thin
any other like institution having tho
aamo attendance, in Inexcusable.
K K TUCK V'S It II ITT A Tl O .
A generation offer Nebraska began
Co lake rark among tho half dozen
hading agricultural Mit j of the coun
try -, intern I'l'onle mention I iio Unto v.n
the land of t ti-- drouth. Nnt withstand
Inic meteorological data t rove .V bras
ka to b tho American Italy In winter
time th state J still recognized m th
tum of the b!r,r.nr f'ltl- of tbUn
tlal construction and fStu farm build
ings dot th plains of all parts of N
t.rufka, yet Nebraska H tho land of
the cyclone t i-orde
where. Nebraska people ean sympa
thize with the people of Kentucky,
whose name ia other states Is sugges
tive Invariably of a land flowing with
whisky and swarming with inebriates,
Louis McQuown, chairman of the
democratic state central committee of
Kentucky says Kentucky will be a pro
hibition state within five years. Think
of that, a democratic lender and In the
state of Henry Watterson. The facts
bear Mr. McQuown out. Kentucky Is
already more than half prohibition un
der county option laws. Recent reports
indicate that the anti-liquor people are
beginning to beard the distillers in
their very den at Frankfort. Yet years
after the last moonshiner and the last
toper . have vanished from Kentucky
soil the very name Kentucky will bear
visions of whisky casks, both those of
wood and those of flesh.
TITE MONTH OF MARCH.
i
Warm dry weather gave the farmers
opportunity to make ready for planting
operations and permitted the market
ing of a considerable part of the crop
left over from last year. Business con
tinued brisk, and building operations
in the cities showed no tendency to
decrease. 1
With speculative business the case
was different. The worst slump in
stock values in several years occurred,
a shrinkage of about a billion dollars
occurred in a single day. The stability
of the commercial situation was de
monstrated by the fact that not a
single business failure followed the
panic. In the country outside of New
York business went on exactly as be
fore. The beginning of the month found
E. E. Harriman on the witness stand
endeavoring to justify his various
railroad manipulations. In Nebraska
a two cent fare went into effect on
the seventh, and all other middle west
legislatures passed or proposed to pass
similar laws. Stricter regulation of
freight rates was a general subject
of legislation. With the stock panic
as evidence various prominent rail
road men seized the occasion to de
clare that the prosperity of the rail
roads was threatened by state legis
lation, and announced that projected
railroad improvements would be hiib
pended pending a clearing of the sit
uation. The fact that a general money
stringency existed in tho speculative
market was taken by other autnort
ties to be, the cause of the mar
ket difficulties, and not railroad leg
islation. The Fifty-ninth congress adjourned
for good on the fourth. One of its
last acts was the passage of the
amendments to the free alcohol law
designed to enable the manufacture
of denatured alsohol on a small scale.
The appropriations totaled over nine
hundred million dollars, a large In
crease over the last session, which
had itself been a record breaker on
appropriations up to its time.
Floods in the Ohio river did serious
damage at Pittsburg and other river
towns, incidentally emphasizing the
need of timber on the hills of the
Ohio watershed. The most sensational
exhibition of civic corruption since a
Philadelphia council was mobbed Into
refusing a gas ordinance was pre
sented at San Francisco. The inves
tigation of political corruption under
the regime of Abraham Ruef resulted
in the return by a grand Jury of in
dictments against all but three of the
seventeen supervisors of San Fran
cisco county, against Ruef and Mayor
Schmitz, and against various business
men and financiers who are alleged
to have resorted to bribery for the
obtaining of franchises and other val
uable public privileges.
Following tho adjournment of con
gress numerous congressmen made
visits to the canal zone. Their
unanimous praise of the conditions ex
isting and the progress of the work
enlivened the hopes of the friends of
the canal. Presidential gossip began
to achieve prominence. Vice Pdesl
dent Fairbanks delivered speeches on
various occasions and at most ho was
hailed as a presidential prospect.
Senator Fcrakcr announced his in
tention to contest with Secretary Tuft
for the control of the Ohio delega
tion, and proposes to hold an elec
tion of delegates to a convention which
shall choose between them. It was
common talk that President Roose
velt will not be satisfied to allow
the nomination to go without a right
to an opponent or lukewarm friend
of tho "square deal" policy. He was
said to hope for thi nomination of
Tafet.
The world abroad was more or less
disorderly. A war between Honduras
and Nicaragua In Central America
proceeded to the point of th capture
of the Honduras capital. Dlnorders In
Morocco. Involving th murder of a
French rltlaon. called French forces
to that coast. Agrarian disorders
complicated with afsaultji on the Jew
left Roumatiia In a di.itre.sHcd condi
tion with tho trouble not yet over.
The Russian dounm met on the fifth
nrvl r'malnd in ' sslon (piMly
throughout the month, The nw
Tnumaal government was Install,)
with General llotha. a tx b ul r of
the tat war in lb iltk- of pritl(j '
QUESTION BOX
What has become of James Parker,
the negro who tried to save McKinley's
life at Buffalo by striking the arm of
Czolgolz a the latter fired?
He has been living a vagrant life in
Philadelphia. Was recently committed
to an asylum a raving maniac.
Pease give the cotton crop of the last
two years by states.
Running bales
1906. 1905.
United States 13,290,677 10,725.603
Texas 4,063,901 2,490,128
Alabama 1,264,572 1,249,6X5
Arkansas 913,947 G15,:;:!7
Florida 62,832 80,1X0
Georgia 1,663,456 1,739.083
Indian Territory 404,905 469,519
Kansas 15
Kentucky 3,424 2,578
Louisiana 978,474 623,871
Mississippi ,, 1,534,270 1,198,568
Missouri 53,799 41,612
New Mexico 148
North Carolina 624,423 664,934
Oklahoma 474,871 328,044
South Carolina 928,643 1.129,426
Tennessee 304,383 278,364
Kindly telt me how to poison gophers.
A common way is to insert a little
strychnin in a small piece of potato;
a hole is made into the gopher's rim
with a pieco of wood, say something
like a fork handle. If this is shod with
a sharp steel point and provided with
a bracket for the foot, so much the
better. A small iron rod, like a wagon
end gate rod is used to locate the run.
The hole being made, the poisoned bait
is dropped in. The gopher is expected
to attend to all further needed opera
tions. Strychnine is very bitter and
soon imparts its taste to the entire
bait. On this account some hava
thought It necessary to defer poisoning
the bait until ready to use it.
Since the burning out of the Helicon
home colony are there any co-operative
colonies left in the United States?
There are several. A magazine In
terested in such things lately printed
the following as a fairly complete list
of co-operative and group movements:
Altruist , community, 2741 Franklin
avenue, St. Louis, Mo.
Amani society, Amana Ia.
Beacon company, Aberdeen, S. D.
Central Western Co-operative asso
ciation, Commercial building, St. Jo
seph, Mo.
Colorado Co-operative company, Nuc
la, Col.
Commonwealth of Israel, Adullam,
Tex.
Co-operative Association of America,
5 Park square, Boston, Mass.
Co-operative brotherhood, Burley,
Wash.
Co-operative commonwealth, Bow,
Skagit county, Wash.
Co-operative Manufacturing com
pany, 315 East Wall street, Fort Scott,
Kas.
Co-operative Vegetarian colony,
Highland, N. J.
Equality colony. Equality, Wash.
Evergreens, Ollalla, Wash.
Fellowship farm, Westwood, Mass.
Fraternal Homemakers' society, 70
Dearborn street, Chicago, 111.
Freedom colony, Fulton, Bourbon
county, Ky.
Freeland colony, Bow, Wash.
Gibbs Co-operative colony, Gibbs,
Santa Clara, Cal. """
General Industrial company, Ruskin,
Ga.
Golden Rule fraternity, C04 D. S.
Morgan building-, Buffalo, N. Y.
Helicon Home colony, Englewood,
N. J.
Henry Clough Industrial home, 3S03
Eleventh avenue N. E., Seattle, Wash.
Home colony, Lake Bay, Wash.
Home Employment company, Long
Lane, Mo.
Korcshan community, Estero, Fla.
La Hacienda, Alpine, N. J.
League of American Homesteads,
425 1-2 .South Campbell street, Spring
field, Mo.
Le Claire group, Ed wardsville, J 11.
Lloyd group, Wcstfield N. J.
Martha McVister, Kenesaw avenue,
Washington, I). C.
Mutual Home association, Home,
Wash.
Oneida community, OnHda, N. Y.
Physical Culture city, Spotswood,
N. J.
Right Relationship league, 1S5 Jask
ion boulevard, Chicago, 111.
Roy crofters. Hast A mora, N. Y.
Ruskin commonwealth, Ruskin. Ga.
Salvation army. 120 West Fourteenth
street. New York city.
Single Tax city, Falrhopc, Ala.
St-lrlt Fruit nock-ty, IngW-hlo. 111.
Straight Edge, 1 Rvnth avenue,
N'W York ciiy.
Tho lF.raliies, Iknton Hurhor. Mich.
Th Ruskin Co-owalur, 516 Reaper
bkck, Chicago. 111.
Tomorrow City inovemmt. 223S Calu
met avenue, t'hUago, Jit,
rnlverml brotherhood, point Iorn.
CaJ.
I low d' H it happen that Fulton's
t c..i with tU-arn Juivljtiuu U to m
ft rv-v
celebrated by an exposition in France
Instead of the United States where ho
accomplished his work?
The United States consul at Bor
deaux, where the exposition is to be
held explains It In this way: "The
motive for the celebration of this great
event will be found in the fact that in
1S03, four years before his success on
the Hudson with the Clermont, Fulton
made his initial essays in steam navi
gation in France. Fulton's experi
ments appear to have been at first with
a submarine boat, which he christened
the Nautilus and in which he was sub
merged for five consecutive hours on
one occasion in 1801. This demonstra
tion appears to have been at Brest, in
the presence of the French Admiral
Vlllaret, and it is recorded that by the
use of torpedoes Fulton managed to
blow up a boat in the harbor.
With his second submarine boat he
gave a demonstration on the Seine at
Paris on which a commission appointed
by Napoleon Bonaparte reported favor
ably. Nothing, however, came of the
submarine boat and it was subsequent
ly, in I SOS, that Fulton treated the Par
isians to the spectacle of a small boat
propelled by steam o nthe Seine with
two bateaus tied astern. A chronicler
of that time describes it as "a b.ai
moved by wheels like a chariot."
What was the Concordat, of which
we hear so much in connection with
the controversy between the French
government and the Catholic church?
The treaty between the French gov
ernment and the pope, drawn in 1801
by which the relations of church and
state and the disposition and ownership
of the property involved were defined
and adjusted. The Concordat consists
of a preamble and seventeen -sections,
the whole about filling a column of
newspaper space. The preamble is as
follows: "The government of the re
public acknowledges that thr- Catholic,
Apostolical, and Roman religion is the
religion of the great majority of
French citizens. His holiness, in like
manner, acknowledges that this same
religion has derived, and Is likely to
derive, the greatest benefit and the
greatest splendor from the establish
ment of the Catholic worship in France
and from its being openly professed by
the consuls of the republic. This mu
tual acknowledgement being made, in
consequence, as well for the good of re
ligion as for the maintenance of inter
ior tranquility, they have agreed as
follows:"
Please give the number of students
in the various schools of the United
States.
Elementary and secondary
Kehuoia 17.903.076-
City evening schools 292 310
Business schools 146'086
University and colleges ' 128 544
Normal and other professional
SehoOlS y,Q g).,
Private kindergartens (estimate") ids.'sm
Reform schools 36.500
Government Indian schools. iio 106
Schools for the feeble minded.... pj'J
Orphan asylums and other bene-
voleut associations 15 000
Indian schools (Five Civilized
Tribes) 12 432
Schools for the deaf 11 2
Schools for the blind 4441
Schools In Alaska g'283
School of music, oratory, cook
ery. 50,)O0
Please make a list of .George Wash
ington's brothers and sisters.
Augustine Washington, father of
"The Father "of Our Country," was
twice married.
First to Jane Butler, b.v whom he
had issue: Butler Washington, born
1716, died young; Lawrence Washing
Washington, born 1720; Jane Washing
ton, born 1722, died 1735.
Secondly to Mary Bail, by whom he
had six children:
George Washington, born February
PJanl Goliiiiiii
If you want to buy, ell P ex
Chang anything; if you hayft
a farm to rent or want to rent
a farm, a small advertisement
in this column will bring about
the desired result. Try it
cn.'y 2 cont a word. No ad
vertisement for less than 30
cents first insertion. All ini
tials and numbers counted as
words. Cash with order. Ad
dress 'I'll M IMHIPKMU'.Vr,
WANTKI-Mm to learn hnrtx-r tral
Ural. Tools given; ponirionn wliii,.
top ifi paid. Kfdal.llshrd In
In oltir. Write for cutaloue.MoW
Harber College, Omaha.
rBIJHON TO TRAVEL InTrnm
lr'n 3.y,X A,V,V'""r. i- I'iymoSui
rwtc, thkHgd, Hi.
