DECEMBER 1, 1904
X5he Nebraska. Independent
PAGE 9
opportunity under an at-tocracy any
more than the boy could learn to swim
while forbidden to go near the water.
The way to learn is to jjo at it and
try it. No one ever yet, or ever will,
learned the art of self government
without first having an opportunity. to
try. The Filipinos would hot learn it
yunder the present system in a thou
sand years any more than the Rus
sians have. .
Railroad Slaughter
The awful slaughter by - the rail
roads of passengers as well as of em
ployes has at last moved the Scientific
American, which no one can charge
with not loving the raiTroads enough,
to give the following facts from the
interstate commerce commission's re
port: A.:;, - ,..
- The statistics of train accidents
. for the year ending June 30, 1904,
show not only the largest record of
- deaths and injuries, but one that
has never been approached in any
year covered by the investigations
of the interstate commerce com
mission. Last year 3,787 passen
gers and employes were killed and
51,343 were injured in train acci
dents. ; In the previous year, 3,564
were killed and 45,977 in
jiyed, and in 1902, 2,819
were killed and 39,800 more or less
severely injured. This is an in
crease in two years of nearly one
thousand, or 34 per cent in the
number of killed, and over 11,500,
or 29 per cent in the number of
injured. Now, just what these fig
ures mean can be understood wfcen
we remember that they far exceed
in killed and wounded :the losses in ;
some of the greatest battles of the
present Japanese-Russian war, bat
tles which we are informed will go
down to history as among the most
bloody on record.
The Scientific American attributes
the increase in the deaths and injuries
to .passengers to the higher speed and
the increase in the weight of engines
and trains, but it does not mention
the overworking and long hours de
manded of the crews. In two or three
of the most disastrous accidents re
ported, the train crew , had been on
duty from 18 to 28 hours without rest.
Men worked that way are in no condi
tion to handle trains, and it should be
made a crime to keep any crew on the
Judge Fitzgerald's Book
Among the number of books that
Vvaave been printed in the last twelve
years on that portion of political econ
omy that treats of money and its func
tions, there has not been one that ha-3
such value to the scholar, and even for
the lay reader, as the work entitled
"The Thirty Years War against Sil
ver" by Adolphus L. Fitzgerald, chief
justice of the supreme court of Ne
vada. If a few allusions .to passing
events and the use of some "catch
phrases" that are in - common use
among the gold standard advocates
were eliminated, it would be a strict
ly scientific discussion of the question
of "what Is money," and in such form
""should become a textbook in all our
high schools and colleges. ,
The work is a scientific discussion of
two distinct propositions. The first"
is confined strictly to economics and
the second, to law. In the first part
Judge Fitzgerald discusses all the def
initions of money that Lave been in
use by-the economists and the people,
such as "medium of exchange," "meas
ure of value," "a store house of value,-'
sianara oi preierrea payments, a
common denominator," "money a yard
stick," and shows their absurdity to
be so glaring that it would seem that
any one who reads the work would
ever after be ashamed to use them.
Definition of money. What does the
word "definition" mean? Locke says
that definition is "making another un
derstand by words what the term
stands for." In logic wo are taught
that a definition states what are re
garded as the constituent parts, or thr;
essence of that which is to be defined.
A definition should distinctly set apart
a thing so as to clearly distinguish it
from every other thing. None of the
above phrases to any such thing and
Judge Fitzgerald proceeds, not only
to show that, but reduces each one and
a!l others of the sort to so complete
an absurdity that one is inclined to
laugh as he reads the pungent para
graphs. After showing how ridiculous
and absurd ail these deniriitions are,
the judge says:
"One general remark about all these
'definitions' of money, including that
of so profound a thinker as Henry
George, to-wit: 'Money is a labor sav
ing device to facilitate exchange' may
be made. They are in the main falla
cious, false and misleading; they not
only do not distinguish money from all
other things in the world as a goo.1
and - accurate and correct definition
should do, but they do not distinguish
money, from any other thing in the
world; and even in the parts of them
where there u4.some elements - of
truth, they are too general to be of
value." ; "" "...
- Then the author proceeds to give jis
a definition of money that will stand
the test, that will distinguish ft from
any and all other thing3 in the world.
He says: ... fV-.j;
"Nothing can pay a debt but legal
tender, and consequently nothing but
legal tender is money. , All
money is made by mandate of law, the
fiat of the law, and is therefore 'fiat'
money. There can not possibly be
any money. but 'fiat' money."
The Judge devotes , considerable
space to the evils arising from the
various - kinds of so-called money , in
the United States He illustrates it
as follows:
"A incurs a debt to be for, say $100,
000. A wishes to make a payment. He
goes to B and offers him the amount
in national bank notes. B says: 'No,
I will not take them, because they are
not money, not tender.' A then goes
and gete silver in half or quarter dol
lars or dimes and offers them to 3.
B says: 'No, I will take ten dollars
of the amount you owe men in frac
tional silver coin, but for the remaind
er, I will not, take fractional silver be
cause ,it is not tender.' A then tries
gold certificates, but meets 'with like
answer and like result. A then tries
silver certificates, but meets with a
like answer and like result. " A then
tries '. treasury Certificates, but meets
with a like answer and like result. B
then sues A; attaches his property;
breaks him up in business, ruins him
and makes him pay, the- cost of the
suit. All this; and all the time A
has in his pocket thousands, of dollars
We
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It is a nerve food and blood food the
of what is calletkmoney; called dollars,
but it will not pay his debt!. What
man of reason and prudence would de
sire to be placed in such a position?
But this is the perilous position that
millions of people of the United States
are in today."
There couid not be a much better
argument-for the soundness of that
plank in the people's party national
platform that demands that all money
shall be full legal tender. ;
In the form of an allegory, giving
the, history of the two cities of Mi
cropolis and Megalopolis, the Judge
makes the process by which the finan
cial operators gather the wealth of th-3
world to themselves while the mil
lions toil on year after year, so plain
that the wayfaring man, though he
never read a chapter of political econ
omy in all his life, can not fail to
understand it. It graphically, pictures
the conditions that we are fast leach
ing and which VanVorhis and other
correspondents have been calling at
tention to in the columns of The Inde
pendent. It is also the subject of Mr.
Griffin's book on Hocus Focus money,
although these writers, Approach the
subject in an entirely different way
from Judge Fitzgerald.
The latter part of the book is de
voted to - a legal argument, and The
Independent must say that is the best
that ever came under its notice on
that side of the qeustion. Judge Fitz
gerald takes the ground that under
the constitution, congress can not
make anything except gold and silver
coin a legal tender. He does not make
t&e ridiculous assertions that most
lawyers' have made in supporting that
position.' He .acknowledges the full
force of the quantitative . theory of
money, he says that all money is flat
money, but . if anything besides silver
and gold coin is made a legal tender,
the constitution must first be changed.
f Wholesale Murder
For three or four years The Inde
pendent, has been calling attention; to
the increase of crime. Now it is the
constant subject, of discussion in man
publications. There , will be an in
crease of crime in. the lower circles of
society as Ions as the awful crimes in
the higher circles are condoned and
the criminals, not only admitted to all
social circles, but in many cases made
heroes. Attention is being constantly
called to the fact that there were 31,395
homicides in the United States in the
last three years and there were killed
on the railroads, 21,847. The British
Wi
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certain that we publish on every bot
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germ that it can not kill. The reason
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Liquozone like an excess of oxygen
is deadly to. vege'.al matter.
There lies the great value Of Liquo
zone. It is the only way known to kill
germs in the body without killing th
tissue, too. Any drug that kills germs
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medicine is almost helpless in any
germ disease.
... Germ Diseases
These are the known germ diseases.
All that medicine can do for these
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Asthma
Abscess Anaemia
Bronchitis .
Wqpd Polfon
Brlsht's Disease
?owel Troubles
ouRhs Cold 8
Consumption -Colic
Croup
Constipation
Hay Fever Influenza
Kidney Diseases
La Grippe
Leucorrhea
Liver Troubles
Malaria Neuralgia
Many Heart Troubles
Piles Pneumonia
Pleurisy Quinsy
Rheumatism
Catarrh cancer
Scrofula-Syphlllis
Dysentery Diarrhea Skin Diseases
killed in the Boer war was only 22.000.
What is the cause of all this slaughter?
Nearly the whole of,-it can be traced
to greed and graft There is no cor
responding increase in crime la other
countries. In London witr. an area of
G88 square miles and a population of
6,500,000 there were only twenty-eight'
murders last "year and the murderers
were all arrested except four, who
committed suicide. In Chicago with,
on-third of the area and population,
there were 128 murders and 106 of
the murders were never found. There
are at present four and a half times as
many murders. and homioides to each
million of inhabitants as there were
twenty years ago. This state of affairs
threatens not only the stability of the
nation, but if not corrected, will in,
the end murder civilization itself.
.Francis Ellington Leupp, who has
been appointed commisisoner of In
dian" affairs, has long been the agent
of the' Indian -Rights association in "
Washington, a society that was found
ed as the result of the work of Bright
Eyes in the eastern states. It is to.,
be hoped that there will be a com
plete change in the methods of that
bureau and that steps will be taken tq
take the probate administration out
of the hands of local courts and place
it in the hands of a federal court, lo
cated on the, reservations, with an ap
peal ', to the United j States district
courts. ! Of course every lawyer living
within1 fifty miles of a reservation will
fight such a measure as they always
have done, but that is no reason wh
it should not be adopted.
In a case Just decided at Dessau,
Germany, the court held that a soldier
does not possess the right of self-defense
against a superior, even if tho
latter wantonly attacks him or is In
toxicated and irresponsible at the time
of the outrage. ' It astonishes the peo
ple of thi country whenever they think
of the submissiveness of the German
people to a military rule that is a relio
of the1 dark ages. How long will they
continue to end ure it ?
When imperialists Started out on
their policy of conquest, they called
it "destiny." Mr. Debs hays that so
cialism is the next "inevitable phase
of the evolution of civilization. If it
is inevitable, . it does not need Mr.
Debs' assitance. It will come anyhow.
What do the imperialists want of big
armies and navies! If it is destiny,
they can neither assist or hinder.
to You to Try.
Dandruff Dropsy Stomach Troubles
Dyspepsia Throat Troubles
Km-ma Erysipelas Tuberculous
Fevers (Jail Stones Tumors Ulcers
Goitre Gout Varicocele
Gonorrhea-Gleet Women's Dieaes
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