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About The independent. (Lincoln, Neb.) 1902-1907 | View Entire Issue (March 5, 1903)
16 THE. NEBRASKA INDEPENDENT f i f Dill niu IIU r. U U TAI 1 i , i. 11 I. I! I 1 0 01 SEAHLE5 & SEARLES, SPECIALISTS IN Nervous, Chronic L Private Diseases of MEN It "WOMEN, uiF r.URE. : I DISEASES CURED, r. . J a .11 ariK1t ra SAS of tt m jruaraniee in turn ----- - the Nose.Throat. Clie. Stomach. Liver, Blood. 8k in and Kidney Diseases, wrLt Manhood, NitUtKmisiioni., Hydrocele, J"coeI1'V,1ao, orrhea. Uleet, Pile, Fistula and fcul Llaera DiabetM and Hriarbt's Piaeaae. 00 ' cage of ('AT-4KKH, RU.IMA1IM, IVH PKI'SIAor VFHILIS w cannot carsj.ir arable. "- - : t .. i'--v.. BOMB TRKATMFNT BY MAIL. . "Examination and consultation free. Call, or ddrets with stamp, P.O. Box 24, . , t Df s. Searles & Scarles SSS; ' LINCOLN, NEBRASKA. t Hardy Trees and Fiaais. Coinpleta Assortment, - - or Mrt ior mt . ':.: irest, Including; So verities of best Strawberries. , i8 varieties of Raspberries. -Buy direct and sata aneutaproflta. We pay freight on $10 orders. Bend for free catalogue to .North Bnl Knwrlw, "North Hand, Money and the Taxing Power BY W. H. ASIIBY. AH Rfghta Reserred. CHAPTER X. In Its original form the method of exercising the taxing power was by the direct seizure, for the public use, of the services and commod ities required, and their direct ap propriation to supply the governmen tal need. ' ! ' This ' to --a great extent- was the method "employed in England prior to the conquest by Gorman William. That tyrant and his successors found it to their interest to gradually change that system into the . one now in use : in England and America, under which all the vast multitude, of articles consti tuting the Wealth of modern man in cluding his personal capacity for ser vice, are made subject to taxation; while taxes can only -be- paid in one specific article, viz.: "coin.". - Taxes,-however, were levied and collected in England and elsewhere be fore coin existed there. Taxes levied and paid in kind; "antedate coin by ages. The-levying, and collecting 'of taxes in. kind creates no necessity for "coin." An analysis of the process of taxation, however, discloses the fact that no matter" what system of taxa tion may be adopted, the taxing pow er cannot be equitably exercised in any way, except by the use of a sys tem of; "money;" although "coin" be entirely unnecessary in the -process. This analysis will at the same time illustrate how widely distinct - from each other are .the two things, "Mon ey" and "Coin." V :. Trees 25 Grafted Apple Trees for $i 20 Budded Peach Tree for $i 50 Concord Grape Vices for f 1 '- They are home grown, healthy and sure to grow. Catalogue at.d due Mil for 25c, free. - , FAIRBURY NURSERIES. Box 8. Falrbury, Neb. What You Can Buy For $1 00 FRUIT TREES 3 Apple tree, 3 feet " 3 1'each trees, 4 f eet. 3 Cherry trees, 3 feet. , 0 ( urrants. 1 year. . "25 best strawberry plants. 10 Asparagus, lu One year Mulberry. Send tor catalogue at once. TYukefletd Nureerles, Wakefield," V - - - - - Nebraska fruitTrees SI.OO 50 Concord, $1.00 1000 Mulberry, $1.00 50 Asparagus, 25c Immense stock, fine quality, low price. "Freight ' prepaid on $10.00 orders. Genera 1 catalogue free. CAGE COUNTY NURSERIES, Beatrice, Nebr., Bor Vfl M I Trees That Grow I The best And hardiest varieties. See our prices, . 1 uraiwa Appie, f 9. - Bwtd.4 PHk,S. ooneora urftpet.ve. irrlliflO. Box 21, Illus trated Cat- aloe, Germanl or fc-nglish free. German Nurseries. Carl Sonderessrer, I'rop., Beatrice, Neb. DNEST TREES Honest in Quality and Price. We pay freltf ht Crafted Apples 4c each: SS Uuillc.l Chemcs l&c each; liudded reaches ic earli; good varieties; Concord Crapes $3 !er 1 000 Ash l; . B.aad n.Uxralt, Runlui Malbwr, ,Jto. 1 m prlr.. kick quaUtv Cataloc frM. Galbraith Nurseries, Box 35, Fairbury, Nebraska. GREAT CROPS OF STRAWBERRIES : AND HOW TO GROW THEM The best book c a sttawlrry growing ever writ - ten. It lells how to grow the biggest crops of big berries ever produced. The book, isa ttettt.se on FlitHt Fliiolutry aud explains how to make .plants bear litjf Hrrt ud l ots of Them. The fn:y thoroughtred scientifically gtown 8tiwbriy Klautatobe had for spring plaui- ing. One of them is woith a dozen ct rutnou dcrtib p ants. They grow BIG RED BER RIES. .The book is aeut f i ee to all readers of the Nebraska Indfpkkdknt. Send vonr ad dress to R. M KELLOGG, THREE RIVERS. MICH. Have You Tried Pencilaria? The wonderful fodder plantYields three to seven crops each season from one planting and has pro duced 95 tons per acre in a carefully weighed test. Highly nutritious and relished by cattle, horses and hogs; dors well in all parts of the United States. Seeds are small so tliat one pound willplantan acre; Crews 12 Feat Hlah. Price pe' lb. 7.')C, lb.aSc, Sample free if you mention this paper. AsIc for our Urge Illustrated catalogue of farm and garden seeds. IOWA SEED COMPANY. ps Moirwa, low. The taxable wealth of .the inhabit ants of England before the conquest consisted chiefly of hogs, sheep,, cattle and horses. Other articles may; have been included in the tax lists, but it is not important for our present pur Dose to do more 'than include these four articles of taxable wealth, which are known to -have been taxed: The services 'of men will likewise be left out of consideration, because although actual service of men formed an im portant part of what was the revenue of the nation, yet the investigation re quires to be simplified in order to reach the secret of the method em ployed in exercising the taxing pow er. . .-- Let us then suppose a Saxon king to have levied a tax, for example, of one tenth - upon a. the horses, cattle, , sheep and hogs of his kingdom subject to taxation, to be paid by the delivery of the tenth part of. the specific things taxed. : , Suppose one ; of his subjects to be the possessor of 1,000 hogs, 100 sheep, 10 cattle and 1 horse. The tax gatherer could sieze and take in pay ment of his taxes 100 hogs, 10 sheep and Lcow or ox; but what would he do about the tenth of the horse? It will become clear in a moment that this difficulty constituted the neces sity which compelled the adoption of the device ' we have called the "standard of money," by means of which quantity of value may be ex pressed. The attempt to levy and collect an equal and uniform tax made such a device a necessity. It was -impossible to take the tenth of a horse, and it would-be iniquitous to take the entire horse in payment of a tenth. Some device must be discovered by which the burden of taxation could.be made to bear equally upon every, article of taxable "wealth. Neither weights- nor measures could avail anything in this dilemma, because the taking of things by weight or by measure, in the case supposed, would be no more feasible than taking by number. . A system might have been adopted based upon the capacity of . the articles to per form service beneficial to man or to the nation. In fact, there is some rea son to believe that such was originally-the purpose. .' - , . But the quantity of that ca pacity, with which the articles named were endowed, could not in any way be accurately, ascertained, and .would have equally required some device to express it when ascertained. There was no appliance by the use of which it couid be expressed; neither was there any term in which it could be expressed. . . The nearest approach to such a basis possible, therefore, was to adopt a sys tem founded on, an appraisal, or. esti mation of the quantity of power to perform beneficial service to the king, with" which each article was" endowed. This appraisal or estimation could only In the beginning be relative. The record is not sufficient to enable us to learn how these four' articles of taxable wealth were ranged in the scale with relation to each other. It ia known, however, that a "scale or table of taxable equivalents" was es tablished." Since the particular rela tion in" which one of these articles stood toward the others, in the scale or tables, is quite immaterial, we will employ the scale of tens as most sim- Dle and convenient: and this will il lustrate the matter as well as if we knew the correct relation. . Ten hosrs. ' then, for example, were declared to be the equivalent; for pur poses of 'taxation, of one sheep; ten sheep the " taxable equivalent of - one cow, and ten cattle the -taxable equiv alent of one horse. Each article sub jected to taxation was empowered to pay that, tax, subject to one exception, to be carefully noted., That exception is that behind all disguises every gov ernment, in all times; has asserted the power to determine the specific article in which taxes may be paid. , With the table of taxable equivalents in -his mind, the tax collector when confronted by the problem of how to take the tenth of the one horse, aDove supposed, would easily solve that problem. The taxable equivalent of one horse .would be ten -cattle, ; or 100 sheep, or 1,000 hogs. Since the tenth of a horse could not be taken, it was commuted into its established equiv alent of cattle, sheep, or hogs. , The government would then assert it3 pre rogative to determine the article in which the tax due upon the horse should.be paid, and would take 1 cow, 10 sheep, or 100 hogs at its own op tion, instead of the impossible tenth or the horse. , : ... . Owing to the perpetual annual re currence of - this - difficulty, it would inevitably soon come to pass that the entire list of taxable wealth of each citizen would be reduced to its taxa ble equivalent, represented by the smallest unit of taxable wealth, and be expressed as so many "hogs." In the case suppose, the entire tax able wealth of the supposed citizen would be expressed In the tax list as 4,000 hogs, although in fact consist ing of 1 horse; 10 cows, 100 sheep and 1,000 hogs. And this would be cor rect, because 4,000 hogs would.be tue taxable equivalent of the articles sup posed, r v..- ; - . ' " Now, it is perfectly manifest that if all taxable wealth should be habitual ly extended on the tax lists, not by its specific name, but in its taxable equiv alent of "hogs,", it must necessarily come to pass that the word "hog,", when so used, would stand not as the name of, a real, concrete animal, but as a term expressing the smallest unit of taxable valuation. But when a government enters the arena and . engages, , like individuals, in the struggle for the exclusive pos session of articles endowed with util ity, it must necessarily resujt in the generation of the force of. demand and, under . a system of appraisal, their val uation would be what we call their "value." The necessary result would be that the whole system, instead of being buiit (as first, perhaps, intend ed) upon the relative utility of the taxable articles, would -in fact be built upon the relative degree of intensity of the force of demand for them, re sulting in a definite quantity of "val ue," as appraised or estimated or "valued" by the king's agents, and ex pressed by means of the word or term "hog," adopted as the symbol of the quantity of taxable value, thus made the "unit of taxation." But in the absence of "coin," all taxes are necessarily payable in the articles taxed, and thefr quantity of "valuation," for taxation and as a means of paying that tax, being nec essarily identical, their quantity of "valuation" would be expressed by the number of "hogs" to which each ar ticle was. equal. The "valuation" or "value" of each taxable article would thus ' be expressed by the symbol "hog," which in connection with the numerals has thus become the "stand ard of money." But whenever the quantity of valuation or value of an article Is expressed in the "term of money," that expression is its "price." Price is always a valuation, expressed in a money symbol,; aided by "the numerals. , (Continued Next Week.) MARCH 5, 1303. ?100 REWART-$100 The readers of this papef will be pleased to learn that there is at least one dreaded disease that science has been able to cure In all its stages .and that Is Catarrh. - Hall's Catarrh Cure is the., only positive cure now. known to the medical fraternity. Catarrh be ing a constitutional disease, requires a constitutional treatment. T Hall's Catarrh Cure is taken internally, act ing directly upon the blood and mucous surfaces of the system, thereby de- strovine the foundation of the dis ease, and giving, the patient strength by building up the constitution ana assisting nature in doing its" work. The DTODrietors have so much faith In its curative powers, that they offer One" Hundred Dollars for any case that it fails to cure. Send for list of testimonials. Address, -F. J. CHENEY & Co., Toledo, O. 1 Sold by druggists,x75c. - .Hall's Family, Pills are the best. ' Pure Bred Seed Corii. REID'S YELLOW. DENT. The corn that pays the rent. The acknowledged king: of the corn belt, tweeted, safe, sound seed, sent on approval in the ear. Write today for de scriptive circular of pure bred corn., . .; - CM. RICHARDSON, ' ! Buffalo Hart. ill. (Sangamon Co.) FREE TREATMENT! ! Rheumatism, Uout, L.urobso, Neuralgia, Catarrh, Liver and Kidney Troubles, Heart Weakness and all diseases arising from impure blood. We vrill send you a complete trial treatment CBCC only aaklng that w en you are cured you rnCCf will rwommend our remedy toothers. Write today. CtlARARTBi 1UID! CO., Utpt. , Oak r.rk. III. D J Par R Li 1 Fit EE i $ TRIAL llhsHew Regulator ggoon the Sure Hutch isi eally auto- improvement of yew. Don't pay don ble price for old sty le machines. i-ur imik miu xree trial offer. SURE HATCH INCUBATOR CO., viaj wsnier, aes M vwumeut, Uhlo. Orchards and Vineyards on Shares. soi0M stamp for oufHALT CROP wblcb uplMBs bow w. fur- nl.ii rwpoMlbt pMpto witk H AKDT FKUIT TRIES AND TINES tor comaercial orehftrdtac on fthani. Ad4nM The Gardner Nurecry Company. Box 146. Ozae. Iowa. - w - 1 Days Free Trial The Royal isau iruuuauu nui ks Iso well that wedont ask you to buy It ! run you try u. uumy t iftutom.ne: crtail in re mits. May wenodyoaon. on trial UaUloiruo rro. koiumui itAToa Dep. S,lcs)lolse,Ia. lior " EVioney in Poultry. Our new 68-p. illustrated book tells how to make it. Aim how to feed, breed, grow and market poultry for best results. Plana for houaea, diseasei, cures, how to kill line, mitei and gives many valu able receipts. Illustrates and describes I largest pure-bred poultry establishment '.'Choice Seed Potatoes" We have a fine lot of hand picked seed potatoes consisting of Early Ohio and Early Michigan at-75 cents a bushel. A limited number "of Won derful at 80 cents a bushel. No small potatoes. j ' L. B. HARRISON & SON, Bancroft, Neb. Pure Bred Seed Corn in the Ear. Leroy Homines, Box iW, Martinsyille, 111. niinn iMonnnmn ousin iwuuoHiun and brooder on trial. Be your own judge. Improved automatic regulator keeps the temperature exactly ripht. Ko night work. No complications. . Everybody suc ceeds. Your money back If you say so. atalogue frre. vBi RB 1N cubatoeCo.,Box w 23,Cniaha,Neb WitltOur 1501 GrinrJer any 8 or 10 loot V Ind Ml'.t now Itiiupintr your water will also grind all kinds of grain. A great in h eti ice at a bargain to intro duce. - ' . - , K. B. WIJCGER- S32 Kenwood Terrace, Chicago, Illinois. . Trees of Various Kinds Adapted to the western climate, at very reasonable prices, can be obtained from the Jefferson County Nurseries, Jansen, Neb. Address box 25. D. D. Thiesen, Jansen, Neb." Send for catalogue.' . TIFFANY'S Sure Death to Lice (Powder) sprinkled la the nest keeps your fnorla fMa fmm linn UnwinMA hen and the little chicks will haYertoHce.Tiffany'sParagon "Linnid" Irillu mirnci inotontln Sprinkle bed for hogs, roosts for fowls. Box powder forlit-. tie turkeys and chicks post paid 10c. We want agents. THE TIFFANY CO., Lincoln, Neb. -1V
