DOLLAR WHEAT HAS1 COME TO STAY IN LESS THAN FIVE YEARS CEN TRAL CANADA WILL BE CALLED UPON TO SUPPLY THE UNITED STATES. A couple ot years ngo, when the an- aouncement was made in these col umns that "dollar heat" had come to stay, and that th time was not far i distant when the central provinces ot , Canada Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta would be called upon to sup ply a large part ot the wheat con sumption in the Vnited States, there were many who laughed at the predic tions and ridiculed the idea of wheat reaching the dollar point and staying there. Both of these predictions have com to pass. Dollar wheat is here aad it Is not only here, but is here tc ! stajr; and at the same time, whatever unpleasant sensations it may arouse in the supersensitive American, Cen tral Canada is already being called upon to help keep up the bread sup ply, and within the next five years will, as James J. Hill says, literally "become the bread-basket of our in creasing millions.' There are few men in the United States better acquainted with the wheat situation than Mr. Hill, and there are few men, if any, who are in clined to be more conservative in . their expressed views. Yet it was this greatest of the world's railroad men who said & few days ago that "the price of wheat will never be substan tially lower thau it is today and when it is taken into consideration that at that time wheat had soared to tl.SO, well above the dollar mark, the j statement is peculiarly significant, i and doubly significant is the fact that In this country the population is in- j creased at the ratio ot 65 per cent j while the yield ot wheat and other j products is increasing at the rate of only 35 per cent. For several years past the cost of living has been stead ily Increasing in the Vnited States, and this wide difference in production and consumption is the reason. This difference must be supplied by the vast and fertile grain regions of Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta. There Is now absolutely no doubt of this. Even the press of the country concedes th tact. Results have shown that no other country in the world can ever hope to equal those provinces as wheat producers, and that no other Country can produce as hard or as good wheat. Said a great grain man recently, "If United States wheat main tains th dollar mark. Canada wheat will b well above a dollar a bushel, for In every way It is superior to our home-grown grain. With these facts steadily Impinging their truth upon our rapidly growing population, it Is interesting to not Just what possibilities as a "wheat grower" our Northern neighbor pos sesses. While th United States will never surrender her prestige in any manufacturing or commercial line, she must very soon acknowledge, and with as much grace as she can. that she is bound to be beaten as a grain pro ducer. It must b conceded that a great deal ot th actual truth about th richness ot Canada's grain produc ing area has been "kept out ot sight. as Mr. Hill says, by the strenuous ef forts of our newspapers and niaga sines to stem the exodus of our best American farmers into those regions. It is fact that up to the present time, although Canada has already achieved the front rank in th world's grain producers, th fertile prairies ot Manitoba. Saskatchewan and Al berta have as yet scarcely been scratched. Millions ot acres, free for th taking, still await our American IxfBMrs; and when these millions ar gone ther? ar other millions in re gions not yet opesed up to immigra tion. A few years ago th writer, who has been through those wheat prov inces several times, laughed with oth ers of our people at the broad statement that Canada was bound to become "John Bull's Bread Basket." Now. arter a last trip (and though he Is a stanch American) he frankly be lieves that not only will Canada be come John Bull's bread basket, but it will within th next decad at least BECOME THE BREAD-BASKET OF THE UNITED STATES. Pe-haps this may be a hard truth tor Aemricans to swallow, but it is a truth, neverthe less. Aad it is at least a patial com pensation to know that hundreds ot thousands ot our farmers at profit ing by the fact by becoming ptoducers in this new country. The papers of this country h ve nat urally mad the most of the br'et pe riod of depression which swept aver Canada, but now there is not a sifn of it left from Winnipeg to the ccst Never have the three great wheat rais ing provinces been more prosperous. Capital is coming into the country from ail quarters, taking the form ot cash for investment, industrial con cerns seeking locations, and. best of all. substantial and sturdy Immigrants come to help populate the prairies. Towns are booming; scores of new elevators are springing up; railroads are sending out their branch lines in all directions; thousands of prosper ous farmers are leaving their prairie shelters for new and modern homes "buiil by wheat;" everywhere is. a growing happiness and contentment hapness and contentment built by wheat the "dollar wheat," which has com to stay- Notwithstanding this, the Canadian Government i atfil giv ing away its homesteads aad-selling pre-emptions at J3.W) an acre, and the, Kailway and Land Companies are dis posing ot their lands at what may be considered; nominal tfgures. ENEMIES OF WAR HOLD A CONGRESS SECOND NATIONAL PEACE CON FERENCE IN CHICAGO. -1 "Tr EMINENT MEN ARE PRESENT Statesmen, Diplomats and Political economists Assemble and Discuss th Final Elimination of Armed Conflicts. Chicago. The sessions of the sec ctkd National Peace Congress, which opened in Orchestra hall Monday aft ernoon, attracted to Chicago many thousand earnest enemies of war. among them being many distinguished statesmen, diplomats and political economists. President Taft is the honorary president of the congress, and Secretary of War Jacob M. Dick inson is its active president, but neith er of these gentlemen was able to be present, owing to their official du ties. However, there was no lack of eminent men to preside over the ses sions. As a preliminary to the congress, special peace services were held in many Chicago churches Sunday morn ing, peace meetings arranged by labor and socialist organizations were held in the afternoon, and in the evening there was a bis mass meeting, at which addresses were delivered by Rev. Jenkin Uoyd Jones and Rev. Kmil G. Hirsch. both of Chicago, and President Jacob Gould Schurtnan of Cornell university. Welcome to the Congress. Orchestra hall was filled to the limit Monday when the first session was called to order by Robert Treat Paine of Boston, the presiding officer, for governors, mayors aud hundreds of clubs had been asked to appoint dele gates, and most of them hail re sponded. President Dicklson's ad dress, the same he delivered several weeks ago before the Hamilton club. was read, and the cougress was then formally welcomed by Gov. Charles S. Deneen for the state. Mayor Fred A. Busse for the city and Rev. A. Eugene Bartlett. chairman of the reception committee. The secretary then read a brief letter from President Taft, in which the chief executive heartily commended the aims of the congress. Miss Anna B. Eckstein ot Boston next was introduced to the meeting and read a "World Petition to the Third Hague Conference." This was followed by au address by Dr. Benja min F. Trueblood, secretary of the American Peace society, on "The Present Position of the Peace Move ment." What Has Been Accomplished. Dr. Trueblood said In part: , "Let me sketch in the barest out lines what has already been accom plished. The interpretation will take care of itself. "I. The men aud women, now a great host, who believe that the day- is past when blind brute force should direct the policies of nations and pre side at the settlement of their dif ferences, are now thoroughly organ ized. A hundred years ago there was not a society in existence organized to promote apteal to the forum of reason aud right in the adjustment ot international controversies. To-day-there are more than 5"0. nearly every Important nation having Its group ot peace organizations. Their constituents are numbered by tens of thousands, from every rank and class in society philanthropists, men of trade and commerce, educators and jurists, workingmen, statesmen, rulers ven. Triumph of Arbitration. "II. The position which the peace movement has reached is no less dis tinctly determined by the practical at tainments of arbitration. We are this year celebrating what is really the one hundredth anniversary of the birth ot our movement, for it was iu 1809 that David I. Dodge, a Christian mer chant of New York city, wrote the pamphlet which brought the move- ment into being, aud led six years ; latei to the organization in his parlor j In New York of the first Peace society ! m the world. There had then been 1 no arbitrations between nations in our . modern seuse of the word "nations." In the 100 years since 1S09 more than 230 important controversies have been settled by this means, not to mention an even greater number of less important cases, the settlement of which involved the principle of ar bitration. Withiu the past 20 years so rapid has been the triumph of arbi tration that more than 100 interna tional differences have been disposed of by this means, or between five and six a year for the whole 20 years. Arbitration Is no longer an experi ment. It is the settled practice of the nations. A score of disputes to-day go naturally to arbitration where one gives rise even to talk of war. The Hague Conferences. "III. In order to determine further the advance.! position which the peace movement has attained on its practical side, the two Haene confer- i ences and what they have ae ! complished must be taken into ac ! count. It is still the habit of some per j sous to speak disparagingly of these j great gatherings and their results. Some do it because they are satisfied with nolhiug short of immediate per fection; others because rhey wish the whole movement for the abolition of war to fail. Othere do it purely from ignorance. : "What have the two Hague confer- I euecs really done toward bringing about that state of world organization and co-operation, the result of which will, as Is universally conceded, bring the general peace of the world and final relief from the ruinous burdens of 'bloated armaments. because it will establish the reign of law among the nations as it now prevails among in dividuals throughout the civilized world? What They Have Done. - "The first Hague conference gave us the permanent international court ot arbitration, to which 24 powers finally became parties by ratification of the convention. This court has now for eight years been in successful opera tion, and not less than four contro versies have been referred to it dur ing the past year. The second Haguo conference enlarged and strengthened the convention under which this court was set up. and 'made the court the tribunal, not of SS powers, but of all the nations of the world. "Another step of still greater mo ment was taken by the second Hague conference in the direction of provid ing a perfect substitute for force In the settlement of international differ ences. It voted without a dissenting delegation for the principle of an in with judges always In service and ternational court of arbitral justice, holding regular, sessions. "The high water mark ot the work ot the second Hague conference was reached in its action in regard to fu ture meetings of the conference. Th principle of periodic meetings ot the conference hereafter was approved without a dissenting voice. The date even ot the third conference was fixed and the governments urged to appoint at least two years in advance an in ternational commission to prepare the program of the meeting." Dean W. P. Rogers of the Cincinnati Law school brought this session to a close with an eloquent talk on "The Dawn of Universal Peace." Addresses Monday Evening. Monday evening's meeting was de voted to "The drawing together of the Nations." and was presided over by Dr. Hirsch. The addresses were on "Independence Versus Interdepend ence of Nations." by Prof. Paul S. Reinsch ot the University of Wiscon sin: "Racial Progress Towards Univer sal Peace." by Rev. H. T. Keating ot Nashville. Tenn.; aud "The Biology of War," by President David Starr Jor dan of I .eland Stanford. Jr., univer sity. At the same time another meet ing was in session in Music hall, with Miss Jane Addams in the chair. The speakers there were Joseph B. Burtt of Chicago, on "Fraternal Orders and Peace;" Prof. Graham Taylor of Chi cago Commons, on "Victims of War and Industry;' Samuel Gompers, president of the American Federation of Labor, on "Organized I-abor and Peace," and John Spargo of Tonkers, N. Y.. on "International Socialism as a Peace Factor." Commercial and Legal Views. Two big meetings were held Tues day morning, one on commerce and industry, presided over by George E. Roberts, president of the Commercial National bank of Chicago, and the other on "Women and Peace," with Mrs. Ellen M. Henrotin of Chicago as chairman. The former session was ad dressed by Belton Gitreath of Birming ham. Ala.. W. A. Mahoney of Colum bus, O., James Arbuckle, consul of Spain and Colombia. St. Louis, and Marcus M. Marks, president of the Na tional Association of Clothiers. New York city. The women heard interest ing speeches by Mrs. Philip N. Moore, president of the General Federation ot Women's Clubs; Miss Jane Addams and Mrs. Lucia Ames Mead of Boston. "Some Iegal Aspects of the Peace Movement." was the general topic of the Orchestra hall meeting Tuesday afternoon, and the chairman was Will iam J. Calhoun of Chicago. Prof. Will iam I. Hull of Swarthmore college, dis cussed the advances registered by the two Hague conferences, and James Brown Scott, solicitor of the state de partment, talked about some questions which the third Hague conference probably will consider. "Legal Prob lems Capable of Settlement by Arbi tration." was the subject of a learned paper by Prof. Charles Cheney Hyde of Chicago. Special Collegiate Session. In Maudel hall, at the University of Chicago, a special session was held for universities and colleges, a fea ture of which was an oratorical con test participated, in by students. Louis P. 1-ochner of Madison. Wis., spoke on "The Cosmopolitan Clubs." The general session of Tuesday evening was perhaps the most inter esting of the congress. "Next Steps in Peacemaking" was the topic. The audi ence was aroused to great enthusiasm by an eloquent and spirted address by Coagressman Richard Bartholdt of Missouri, president of the American Group, Interparliamentary union. An other paper that met with deserved applause was that of Edwin D. Mead of Boston on "The Arrest in Compet itive Arming in Fidelity to The Hague Movement." The special collegiate session was continued Tuesday evening in Music hali, with President Nollen of I-ake Forest university in the chair. Presi dent S. P. Brooks of Baylor university. Texas, spoke, and a stereopticon lec ture on the "Federation of the World" was given by Hamilton Holt of the Independent. Among the diplomats who came to Chicago to attend the Peace congress were: Ambassador Count Johann Heinrich von Bernstcrff of Germany: Herman de Lagercrantz, envoy from Sweden; Wu Ting Fang, envoy from China; Alfred Mitchell Innes. coun selor of the British embassy, and Dr. Halvdan Kont. of the University of Norway. The Japanese. Turkish and French embassies also were represented. CREW OF VETERANS MEN OF EXPERIENCE IN CHARGE OF FREIGHT TRAIN. New England Railroad Puts Employes of Long Service in Positions Requiring Quick Thought and Action. It is popularly supposed that on ac count of the arduous labor and nimble action necessary to the running of a freight train the men employed in such work mnst be young, but such is far from being the fact. The up-to-date railroad company is fast upsetting the Osier theory by con tinuing in service and by placing in responsible positions requiring quick thought and action men well across the middle span of life men who have had experience in their work. In no branch of railroading is this better exemplified than in the running of freight trains, the most important trains, the fast freights, being given over to the charge of the older hands. Three men compose the crew of B-H-l (Boston to Harlem river! of the New Haven road. B-H-l being the fastest and best train on that railroad and used for carrying fish from Boston to Fulton market. New York city. making the trip in 7'i hours. James H. Rourke, the conductor, has seen 3o years service on the ew York, New Haven & Hartford railroad and on the smaller roads before con solidation. H. J. Manahan. brakeman. has been with the road a like number of years and J. W. Costine. flagman. has passed his twenty-fifth year on the road. They have been running to gether as the regular crew of the train for a little over nine years. Their present run is from Boston to Midway. Conn., though years ago it used to be much longer. At Midway the train is turned over to another crew, who have brought the return train from Harlem river, the Rtoston crew bringing the return'tr-n to this city. The officials of the. railroad point with great pride to this train and its crew, which they claim is the oldest crew running together in New Eng land, and give no small share of credit for the clocklike regularity of the train's running to the mature experi ence of the men who compose its crew Pranks of Fate. "Fate plays some mighty queer pranks on the railroad," says a vet eran railroader. "I remember a case that happened some years ago up in Michigan. A passenger train ran into an open switch near Monroe and was ditched. The coaches piled up and, although many of the passengers were hurt, none were killed. "When the rescuers got to what re mained of the baggage car. a search was started for the baggageman, Tommy Grady. - He was a good man, too, and the crew hated, to lose him. We finally found Grady wedged under a pile of broken baggage and mer chandise packages. He was apparent ly 'all in. His head had been smashed, and his face was covered with blood and what appeared to be brains. "We got hiui out and the doctor be gan to work on him. After he had been cleaned up it was found he had got off with a broken arm and several nasty scalp wounds. The 'brains' that we saw were the contents of a pail of oysters that had been smashed when he dove head-foremost into it." Railroad Travel in Japan. Two girls relating their experience in Japan, in the Wide World Magazine, give a glimpse of traveling by night by rail in the country of the chrysanthe mum. They write: "The train was crowded with Japanese, and when night came the long seat was divided up into portions, the upper berths were pulled down, and we all huddled into our respective bunks, men and women mixed up together. It was distinctly trying to be obliged to hoist one's self up into a high upper berth before a mixed assembly, and more trying still to descend In the morning with the very incomplete toilet which one was enabled to make in a reclining posi tion, but the blissful ignorance of our Japanese neighbor that there was any thing unusual in such a proceeding con siderably relieved our embarrassment. His attitude and calm matter of fact ness were very reassuring, and the wonderfully eheerful conductor who brushed our clothes and fastened our blouses seemed to consider himself specially suited for the post of lady's maid." Wireless Telegraphy on Trains. According to Mr. Nevil Maskelyne, the wireless telegraph office on trains is quite a possibility. In his opinion it would be less difficult to apply the wireless system to a train than to a ship, there being continuity from the rails over which the train is traveling. He thinks an installation would cost from $2,000 to $2,500 per train. C. P. R. Increases Stock. The ordinary capital stock of the Canadian Pacific railroad has been in creased from ?150.000.0(K) to $200,000, 000. existing shareholders getting the $50,000,000 new shares a. par, thong worth $25,000,000 more in the oien I market. Reduced Rates Bring Passengers ! Belgium has been offering reduced ! rates under certain conditions for ! travel on its passenger trains, and the : change has resulted in enormously in j creased business and revenues. ALL READY FOR EMERGENCIES Business Woman on Train Had Pro vided Herself with Some Crea ture Comfort. Two miles above Harrisburg a train on the Pennsylvania main line was stalled for hours the other night, the torm having caused a freight wreck ahead. What's the matter V people asked the conductor. "Don't know," he replied. '"How long are we going to be tied up?" "Can't tell. Maybe a couple ot hours." That Pullman held about the sorest lot of passengers that ever rode over the line. When the train had been stalled for about an hour and all the gayety and cheerfulness appeared to hare been ex hausted, the life-saver appeared. A man. ruddy and benign of countenance and bald headed, rose in the rear of the car and beamed upon everybody as he genially inquired. "Will anybody have a drink T He held up a quart bottle of a good brand. He also dug up a small glass. and the heartfelt thanks that came to him In glances told him "most every body would certainly have a drink. Down the line he went, right and left across the aisle, until he came to two women. One of them was a drum mer. The other was not. The busi ness woman took a drink. The other timidly thanked the good Samaritan and declined. After he had passed on the business woman asked the other: "Didn't you really want a drink T "Yes. I did." was the reply, "but I simply lacked the courage to take it from a strange man in front of this carload of people. And I'm cold and hungry, too." "You poor dear." said the other, sym pathetically. "Here, drink this." IJsten. She had a pint flask in her own grip. Washington Times. WILL HAVE NO STEAM LINES. Sweden Probably to Be First Country in the World to Electrify AH Railroads. Sweden will probably be the first country in the world to abolish steam locomotives on all its railroads. For Sweden has no coal of its own and has to import all that it uses. Sweden began in 1906 to experiment with electric traction on its railroads. Electric motors were tried first on a small stretch of road, and the results were so satisfactory; that it has been decided to electrify all the lines. The government has bought several large water falls, which will furnish the power; five central hydro-electric sta tions are to be established for the op eration of a first section of about 2.001 kilometers, and secondary stations, sit uated about twenty miles apart, will send the motive power in two direc tions in order that any point on-the system may receive power from two different stations. These generating stations will also supply motive power direct to factories, the motors of which are now run by engines burning petro leum in their furnaces. The electric motors are to run at 60 kilometers an hour for express trains and 45 kilometers for way trains, which is a little more rapid than the speed at which the trains run to-day. " Ti-jpwnjaiish engineers calculate tnu the electrification of these 2.00C kilometers of railway will by 1920 ef fect a saving of about $360,000 a year in the operation of the roads. Preserving Railroad Ties. Consul W. D. O'Shanghnessy ol Aguascalientes writes concerning the successful treatment of railroad ties in Mexico: "The local tie-treating plant of the Mexican Central railroad has reached an output of 3,500 ties a day. making it one of tbe largest concerns of its kind in the world. The local plant is the first in the history of railway op eration to make a success of the treat ment of ties by the Ebano oil process. It is expected that the treatment will prolong the life of each tie from S to 12 years. "The process consists of placing the ties in huge cylinders, which are then filled with oil and subjected to heat and pressure. After seven hours the oil .is forced out of the cylinders and the ties removed. The average tie treated here absorbs about three gal lons of oil, which contains a large amount of solid matter, and it is this, after being forced into the wood, that acts as a preservative. The average penetration into pine ties is about two inches; in harder wcods it is less; but in all cases the oil protects them from the water, and will keep oat moisture for years. The cost of the new treatment is said to be much less than the old treatment of zinc chlo ride. Must of the ties received here are pine, from the Vnited Slates, but recently a shipload was received from Japan." Consular Report. No Oil Lamps on Canadian Trains. The oil lamp has been abolished from the railroad cars of Canada by a recent enactment of the dominion rail way commission, which requires that in the future all car lighting must be done by compressed oil gas. acetylene gas or electricity. Both the railroad company and its employes are held responsible for the observance of this regulation, a fine being laid for each offense. Old British Railroad Depot. The only railroad station ia Britain that can boast of being really old is that at Eourne. Lincolnshire, which is an ancient Elizabethan mansion for merly in the possession of the IIgby family. am Ml AW' mm By Lydia E. Pi&kfcza's Vegetable Coapousd Bardstown, Kt. "I suffered from ulceration and otberfetnaie troubles for a Ion fame. Doc tors had failed ts help me. Lydia K. Pbakhaaa's Vegeta ble Compound was raeommextded, and IdeciJed to try it. It eurM my troobio sad made n well sad stroax. so that I can i all work." Mrs. Jcw zfh Htu, Bszdsv to-wn, Ky. mss Cared. Another W Christiana. Teira.- I uiTred fioss the worst form of female trouble sa that st times I thought 1 eoaid net live, ana my nerves were ra s dreadf at condition. Lydia E- Ptnkham's Vege table Compound cored me. sad made me feel like s different woman. Lydia . Pink ham's Vegetable Compound is worth its weight in gold ta suffering women, Mas. Mart Wooo.IU.Dlx If yon belong to that count less arary of women who suffer from some form of female ills, don't hesitate to try " Lydia E- Pink ham's YesetabSe Com pound, made from roots and herbs. For thirty years this finwci remedy has been the standard for all forms ai female ills, and has cured thousands of women who have been troubled with such ailments ss displacements, fibroid tumors, ulceration, inflammation, ir regularities, baefcacne. sal nertocj prostration. If too wmat special adriee writ forittoMrs.IisaclMssgLymJftavsa It is free and always helpful. EASE. Drainer Sitdown Dat's s mighty ihort stub yer amokia. Dosty. Dusty Dodgework Tep! I knows ft; dat's de way I alters like 'em; yen don't her ter poll de smoke so fur! Important to Metttsrs. Examine .carefully every bottlo of CASTORIA a safe sad sore remedy for to fasts sad children, sad see ts-U it Hears the Signature of ( la TJse For Over StO Tears. Tbe Kind Von Hare Always Bought Seeking to it Comforter. "Ton are consomme a great deal of valuable time with yoar tariff argu ment." "Yes." answered Senator Sorghum. "I find satisfaction In trying to demon strate that here is on case where th consumer doesn't pay the tax." "Am Cling ALLEN'S VvSf-KASE. d ran truly say I would not have ttew with out it so lone had I known tt rrlW it would give ay aefcins f- I fnia. ft a. rare good thins for anyone ttaTinw mrm or tired feet Mrs. Matilda. Hod ri. Providence. R. I." Sold ay ait IraccuM. ZSc. Ask to-day. What Did H Mesa? Miss Bore Do yon ever think of mo when yon are driving your car? Anto Enthusiast Why. certain Uy especially when I ran over somebody. Harvard Lampoon. Pain and sweutnt srl-rm iacatr in ternal' organic trooble. yiney are aratlly the result of local cold r mBamaaotin which can be quickly lemowed by a bttkt namuna tv uara uu. Try and Adam had one thias; to bo thankful for. Ho never had to weed his pa's onion beds when the other boys were going fishicg. The annual per capita enawampctoa. or sugar in the raited States Is SZ 3- pounds. A man's religion sever &rs so fc as he uses the golden rale ia meas jr tog his actions. RUPTURE stJhar (. , f few stays wiSats-rai m warzUl mwrtm or dd-terotMMs iVm fcssjs"w pf will be accept!.: mti Ut pmtoml compieteiy MUnAccftu Wnte or ci FftAXTZ H. WHAT, 9. Ham 306 Bee Btf, QmJm. ftvfc. CEFI12CE Ccld Hater Starch i IT