EfflCAl
Centenary
Darwin
J; ........-....JZjIE
.
I When White Turned Black I
. .
By Frank A. Hays :
.
jTHE
HOME
BRADFORD
Born February 13, 1SUU I
1 -
Mr. William A. Radford will answer
ciiH'HtioiiM ami B'.vc tulvlttc FUSE OK
'OST on all JbJocts pertaining to the
mibjwt of building for the readera of thin
paper, tin nwount of his wide expe
rience H8 Kiiitor, Author and Manufac
turer, lie In. without doubt, tho highest
authority on nil these subjects. Address
II Inquiries to AVIlllum A. Radford. No.
m Fifth Ave.. ClitniKo, 111., and only
am-ioae IWO-evm liunip iw rein.
The Illustrations show a five-room
bungalow that is very neat in design,
tnd very attractive in appearance,
five rooms seem to be about right for
hnngalow. It is difficult to crowd
in another room without interfering
Uh the interior arrangement.
. The slr.e on the ground is 41 feet
t inches by 29 feet 6 Inches, a plain,
straight-Kided house without a projec
tion except the extension window
built out from the large living room.
A triple or quadruple window built
in this 8tyli adds a great deal to the
appearance of the room. When it is
carefully built to keep out the cold
and wind a sent of this kind opposite
an open fire is one of the most artis
tic as well hi; one of the most comfort
able lounging places ever invented. A
great deal of work may be put on this
- ' ' -r' t PT . ? - "
1 jjXjn O
eat; in fact, it is necessary to do bo
in order to make it right. The width,
height of seat and the fitting of the
windows must be looked to carefully.
After the preliminaries are laid out
and worked up, the finishing touches
come in for attention cushions, up
holstery and pillows for these all
count In the final make-up.
You know you see such things in
some houses that look just right, and
feel comfortable. In other houses
where perhaps more expense has been
lavished on decorations, the rooms and
the furnishings lack that atmosphere
of comfort that you like to feel. A
Beat of this kind should be upholstered
high up at the ends, and upholstered
at the back as high as the window
stools, and the colors, of course, should
match the prevailing coolrs of the
room.
The living room in a bungalow' is
the main part of a house. In this
case it opens onto the porch and the
Floor Plan.
porch Is intended to be part of the
room. The porch is inclosed with
wire screens and furnished with com
fortable easy chairs with possibly a
hanging lounge. This article of furni
ture is a matter of preference, how
ever. Some people like them, while
others think they are a Teat nuisance;
but there is one thing about porch fur
niture that should -be remembered
' It must be solid and comfortable, and
It must have colors that a little sun
or dampness will not ruin.
Of course this porch is pretty well
protected. It is Just a hole in the
corner of the house to start with,
having only two sides exposed to the
weather, and these are walled up at
the bottom and overhung by the roof.
Hut there are damp days, especially in
spring and fail, and there are driving
torms which send the rain and moist
ure Into almost any kind of an open
room. Tou feel more comfortable if
you have good solid porch furniture
that cannot be easily damaged, and.
In addition to the extra comfort, it
looks better. Delicate spindle-leg
chairs have no business here. The
cushions should be canvas covered,
and the color should be chosen for
wear, rather than looks. At the same
iitne utility need not mar the appear
ance of porch furniture even in colors.
There is one thing to be remem
bered in building a bungalow, and
that Is to put the bedrooms and bath
room together, shut away from the
the living-room and dining-room. A
great many bungalows are built with
out paying any attention to this fea
ture, and it is a mistake, an unneces
sary mistake, because it. may be so ar
ranged by selecting a plan of this
kind. Another great convenience in
I
EDITOR
this bungalow plan is the cupboards
in the kitchen, which take the place of
a pantry. They reach from the floor
to the ceiling with drawers and
shelves all the way np, and the front
of the cupboard is closed over with
doors. Bungalows are intended, as
a usual thing, more for summer use,
and the housekeeping is not supposed
to be of a very heavy nature. Sup
plies are bought daily at most summer
resorts, the same as in the city, so the
large storage rooms are not absolute
ly necessary. But cupboard con
veniences are appreciated in a bunga
low the same as in a large house, and
should be provided at the time of
building.
The water pipes for the kitchen and
for the bathrooms are close together,
so they may be very short. If the
hotuie is to be occupied only in the
summer, especial attention must be
given to placing the pipes in such a
I way as to facilitate drainage, and
they should be so connected as to
be easily taken apart, otherwise the
frost will split them and cause con
siderable annoyance and expense. But
they may be fitted with drain cocks
and put together wilh unions without
adding to the first, cost.
A pump is another essential that
needs especial attention, almost any
cheap pump will work for a short
time, but if you expect to winter it
over to use again next year, get a
good one. Then see to it that it is
so put together that it may be eas
ily taken apart when a new valve is
needed or when the cottage is aban
doned for the winter.
DOG A TRAIN BEARER.
Lifts His Mistress's Skirt When She
Walks-Over Wet Pavement.
Clipped and blanketed dogs. French
poodles, pugs and such excite the
contempt of the average person who
likes dogs of a more . vigorous sort.
These folks also have a dislike for the
small dog that is trained to carry pack
ages on what not. Those who do not
like this use of a really very fine ani
mal should have seen an exhibition on
a West Side street one wet afternoon
recently.
A woman was about to cross the
street followed by a small and mean
looking 'pet dog. The pavement was
wet.
She called to the dog and the dog
trotted obediently up and took the
hem of her skirt in his teeth. Then
staying just far enough behind to keep
all the skirt clear of the street the dog
followed her across.
Some other woman . going along
said, "Isn't that cute?" A man who
saw the performance remarked, "Poor
beast." New York Sun.
Can't Be Done.
"And now," added the judge, after
having sentenced a burglar to seven
years in state's prison, "let me indulge
in the hope that this will prove a great
moral lesson to you, and that when
you find yourself among us again you
will have decided to make your future
way by habits of industry."
"It can't be done not in my case,"
replied the prisoner.
"Do you mean that you are so
steeped in crime that it is impossible
for you to reform?','
"No, sir. I mean that I am such a
poor business mat: that there is no
show for me in the walks of industry."
"I don't quite understand."
"Why, judge, this will make 21 years
in the coop for me, and, all I've had
out of the burglary business is $20 in
cash, an old watch and a second-hand
suit of clothes. It's easy to see that I
wasn t born for either business or in
dustry." Mountains No Bar to Wireless.
That the electric waves in wireless
telegraphy readily pass over moun
tains has been demonstrated by the
army wireless station in Alaska, which
easily transmit messages 1,200 miles
over two ranges of snow-capped moun
tains.
Claim to Save Much Gas.
Two English inventors claim to save
from 50 to 75 per cent, on gas bills by
the use of their machine, which car
burets the air with a small portion of
petrol vapor, producing a highly il
luminating non-explosive gas.
-J I -
N the list, of great men
whose one-hundredth an
niversary of birth - occurs
this year, the name of Dar
wfn stands out with full
prominence. An English bi
ographer closes his record of
the famous scientist's life with these
words: "A marvellously patient and
successful revolutionizer of thought;
a noble and beloved man."
Simplicity, kindliness, geniality,
modesty, courage, were distinguishing
traits of Darwin.- Arrogance and pre
tense had no place in his make-up.
He loved truth for truth's sake, and
was willing to search for it tirelessly.
Although he held at the time high
rank as geologist and biologist, it was
not until the publication of "On the
Origin of Species by Means of Natural
Selection, or the Preservation of Fa
vored Races in the Struggle for Life,"
his theories began to make great stir
in the world. In the retirement and
quiet of his country home in the vil
lage of Down, Kent, he had for years
been making patient; laborious study
of the mystery of species, and in the
work put forth at the age of 50 he
propounded a theory of biological evo
lution, what is known as the "Darwin
ian theory." In evidence of his gen
erosity and modesty, attention should
be called to the attitude taken by him
regarding an essay written by the nat
uralist, Mr. Alfred Russell Wallace, in
February, 1858, in which Mr. Wallace
put forth the same theory as that he
himself had arrived at; "the two men
having, independently and unknown to
each other, conceived the same very
ingenious theory." Darwin was strong
ly inclined to withhold from publication
the memoir he had ready on the sub:
Ject, yield priority and all honors to
Wallace; but the matter was settled
by laying before the Linuean society
selections from the papers of both
men. Darwin's paper was read in July,
1858, his great work appeared in the
fall of the following year.
As is well known, Darwin's evolu
tionary theories were regarded as
very revolutionary, and violent attacks
were made on views and author, espe
cially by the orthodox and religious
journals. Denunciation, satire and
ridicule were employed 'to express the
judgment of reviewers, but the one
who had caused' all the agitation se
renely kept to his way, not answering
attacks, but making corrections and
additions to his work. A second edi
tion of the "Origin of Species" ap
peared six weeks after the first, a
third came out a little more than a
year after the second. By the time
of the sixth edition, 1872, Darwin was
able to declare that almost every
naturalist of the day admitted the
great principle of evolution.
In "The Descent of Man" he came
out openly with what had been im
plied in the "Origin of Species," be
lief in the evolution of man from ani
mal ancestors; - "after discussing the
steps in the genealogy of man, he
comes to the conclusion that from the
old-world monkeys, at a remote period,
proceeded man, 'the wonder and glory
of the universe.' "
His first botanical book, "On the
Various Contrivances by Which Or
chids Are Fertilized by Insects," was
brought out in 1862, and pronounced
"the most masterly treatise on any
branch of vegetable physiology that
had ever appeared." This was followed
by "The Movement and Habits of
Climbing Plants," later by a work on
"The-Variation of Animals and Plants
Under Domestication." "The Expres
sion of the Emotions in Man and Ani
mals" appeared in 1872. The work on
"Insectivorous Plants" was published
in 1875, this followed by "The Effects
of Cross and Sel Fertilization in the
Vegetable Kingdom," "The Different
Forms of Flowers in Plants of the
Same Species," and "The- Power of
Movement in Plants" works of in
finite value to the science of biology.
As illustration of 'his wonderful pa
tience in research mention should be
made of his study of earthworms, car
ried on for a period of 30 years, the
result of this study presented to the
public in his last contribution, "The
Formation of ' Vegetable Mould
Through the Action of Worms." In
this work he says: "The plow is
one of the most ancjent and most val
liable of man's inventions; but long
before he existed the land was in fact
regularly plowed, and still continues
to be thus plowed, by earthworms. It
may be . doubted whether there are
many other animals which have played
so important a part in the history of
the world as ' have these lowly or
ganized creatures."
Darwin suffered most of his life from
stomach trouble, and was not able to
work continuously through the day
had to conserve his energies with
great care.
Charles Robert Darwin was born at
Shrewsbury, England, February 12
1809, the same day that Abraham
Lincoln was born. He was son of Dr.
Robert Darwin and grandson of Eras
mus Darwin, naturalist and poet. His
maternal grandfather was Josiah
Wedgewood, the celebrated potter. The
family was in affluent circumstances,
the naturalist all his life in a position
to pursue his studies uninterrupted by
financial worries. He early showed
perhaps more than a boy's usual taste
for collecting, and amid the flowers
shrubs and pets of his father's home
The Mount began the study of Na
ture. During a period of work at Edin
burgh university he evinced much in
terest in zoology, later at "Cambridge
was strongly attracted to natural his
tory. Cambridge associations brought
him Invitation to join as naturalist the
scientific expedition of H. M. S. Bea
gle, and in 1831 Darwin set forth on
that long and fruitful voyage which
was to color and mold all his future
work. The voyage lasted five years,
and though persistently troubled by
chronic seasickness, Darwin was in
defatigable in- work. His book, "A
Naturalist's Voyage Round the World,'
is very widely known. His contribu
tions on the structure and distribution
of coral reefs and geological observa
tions, on volcanic islands and on South
America were of highest value.
Three years after the close of the
voyage, -in 1839, he married his cousin
Emma Wedgewood, a union that
proved very happy. There were nine
children, two of whom died in child-
hood. In 1842, being in ill health in
London, he took up residence at Down
House, a delightful country place, and
amid ideal surroundings pursued his
Scientific investigations. Of the do
mestic life there are many pleasant
records, the genial home, the generous
hospitality, the children and dogs, the
devoted servants, the flowers and
vines and pets. It was at Down House
the end came, April 19, 1882; quietly,
vith no violence of pain, no actual
flckness, ju;.t a gradual loss of
strength, able to work a little the day
before his death.
He was buried in Westminster Ab
bey, near Si)- John Herschell and Sir
Isaac Newton. On the Sunday follow
ing the burial, the bishop of Carlisle
preaching at Westminster, admitted
Darwin had produced a greater change
in the current of thought than any
other man. In Germany the Allge
meine Zeitung declared "Our century
is Darwin's century."
KATHERINE POPE.
(Copyright, by Shortstory Pub. Co.)
Ever since a small boy I have been
a great admirer of a railroad locomo
tive. A short time ago, while waiting
for a train in Pittsburg, I noticed a
new and unusually large passenger en
gine standing on a siding, and I wan
dered over to it. It proved to be one
of the latest machines a "ten-wheeler,
compound cylinder" engine. I walked
from one side to the other and scruti
nized every part, from the electric
head-light to the vestibule attachment
at the rear of the tank. I was just
turning to leave, to look at another,
when the engineer pleasantly said:
"Better come up in the cab and see-
how nice it is."
Being only too glad of an opportu
nity, I lost no time in climbing up and
inspecting the nerve-center of the 80
ton monster. Many times I had been
in engine cabs, but in this one I no
ticed something I never had seen in
any other.
It was a small, oblong box or case
fastened on top of the steam-gauge. It
was made of bevel-plate glass, with
gold mountings. In the box, standing
on end, was a single, snow-white feath
er, three inches long by three-quarters
of an inch wide.
Turning to the engineer and point
ing to the glass case, I said:
'That's rather an unusual, yet a
very pretty ornament."
"Yes," he said, "not only all that,
but very much more. Its significance
is far greater and more important, and
Sf you are interested, I'll tell you why
that white feather is there."
Being interested, I sat down by him,
and said: . -
"I am ready to listen." '
"Well," he said, "it was while I was
running the 525 that what I'll tell you
happened. My, but 525 is an engine
for you! She's as swift as the wind.
and as easy to handle as a toy. How
"For God's Sake Stop!"
I did dislike to have her taken away
from me! But she was transferred to
the western division, as the grades
there are lighter and this engine was
built heavier, for mountain climbing.
"East of here, about 90 miles, is our
longest tunnel, No. 4, and one-quarter
of a mile from the east end of the tun
nel is a small river, over which is a
bridge of two spans. This bridge has
always been considered dangerous,
owing to the fact that the river is very
swift and rises very suddenly, on ac
count of rains and snows In the moun
tains. ' ;
"About two years ago a young wom
an was killed just as we ran out of the
east end of tunnel Nq. 4. She was
hit by the 525 at the dead hour of mid
night. When we picked her up we
discovered that she was attired in
pure white her night clothes. We
afterward heard that she was a som
nambulist, and that she had wandered
from her home, only a few yards dis
tant, and was certainly crossing the
track in her sleep.
"On my first run east, after the
death of the girl, all went right, yet I
could not keep from thinking of what
happened the last time I had made
the trip. It had made a strong impres
sion on my mind, and I was just
a little bit nervous as we entered No.
4. As we neared the east endmy
heart beat louder and faster.
" 'What was that?' I asked myself,
as I saw, or imagined I "saw, for just
one second,, something snow-white
flash ahead of my engine. By the
time I had pushed in the throttle and
reached for the air lever it had disap
peared. -'
" 'Was I dreaming?' No, not that;
for engineers don't dream in their
cabs. .'Was I becoming superstitious
or nervous?' I concluded' to let it go
as imagination. .
"The next half dozen trips the same
thing appeared. I was not supersti
tious, and I became more and more
determined to learn what it was.
. "Night after night, as I neared the
end of the tunnel, I would see the
same thing. It would, appear before me
like a flash and flit along ahead, for an
instant, : and then as suddenly disap
pear. It was very strange, to say the
least, and while I . became more or
less accustomed to it, yet I was al
ways, on the lookout for it, as it
seemed to have a fascination, or an
influence, about it. I had spoken of
it to no one, even to my fireman, but I
concluded to say something to him, so
I asked: '
" 'John, have you ever seen anything
unusual, as we go east, in No. 4?'
" 'Yes,' he replied, 'I confess I have
seen, or imagined I have 'Been, that fig
ure in white that we struck.'
"There was little Consolation, or ex
planation, in that for me, so I dropped
the subject. I said no more to any
one, but during the next month I did
a lot of thinking, for not a single trip
did we go east, but what this 'figure in
white' would glide out of No. 4 ahead
of us. '
"Then one night I had the pleasure
of sitting behind the first electric head
light ever placed on one of our en
gines. My fireman and I were very
proud of it, and were anxious to see
how it would work. After we had
made 60 miles and noted how much
stronger the light was, and how much
plainer and farther we could see by
this light than by the old lamp, I said:
" 'John, to-night we can get a better
view of what, flags ns in No. 4.'
"The night was dark, and as we
climbed up the mountains evidence of
heavy rains was apparent, and a mist
hung over everything. All went well
till we were signaled down to a dead
stop, and lost 30 minutes, while a land-'
slide was removed from the track.
"Fifty miles an hour was our regu
lar schedule and anything that had
heretofore got out of pur . way would
not have as much time to-night for,
in making up lost time, I was pushing
the 525 at 70 miles when we stuck her
nose into No. 4. ,
" 'Now for our figure in white!'
" 'Will she get out of out way get in
the clear?' .
"As we dashed through every nerve
was at its highest tension, my eyes
were riveted along the beam of elec
tric light.
"We neared the exit!
"We reached it!
"I looked over at John, as much as
to ask: '.'.' f
" 'What has become of the "figure In
white?"'
"When in answer to my mental
question he jumped from his seat
clutched my arm and shouted:
" 'For God's sake stop! 1
" 'Yonder she stands in the bridge,
but now now she's in black.'
"Looking ahead I saw what made
my. heart leap, for, sure enough, there
stood a quivering black object in the
center of the bridge, only one-quarter
of a mile away. Quick as thought I
knocked the throttle in, turned on air
and reversed her coming to a ' stop
less than 200 yards from the bridge.
By this time our conductor, lantern in
hand, was out by the side of the train
and I called for him to come forward,
and showed, him what had caused me
to stop. '
" 'What's - that crazy woman doing
out i there to-night? Do you. suppose
there's anything wrong with the
bridge? Let's go ahead and see?'
" 'Come on, John, and go with us.' - '
"On the way I had all kinds of
thoughts. The past and the -present
were enough to make a fellow think.
"As we neared the river we- could
1. .. t- -.!.., . 1. Tl mAn
near i L. luauiig,. niucu uuiiii, -vvuu as
ahead, suddenly, i stopped with the
startling information: .
'"The bridge is gone.'
"Sure enough it was, but not so with
the black, quivering signal. It still
stood there, a silent and ominous warn
ing stood there above tke roaring wa
ter with no more support than the air
itself. .
"So we left it. 1 ,
"As we walked back to the train we
all tried to explain who, what, or
which it was, but evidently. to no one's
satisfaction. Several times we stopped
and looked back to see if it had gone.
Each time we saw the same black,
quivering specter the specter, or
whatever it was that had saved all
our lives. .'
"As we neared the engine we saw a
white object lying on the pilot. John
rushed forward, picked it up, and held
it out at arm's length :
"A snow-white pigeon!
"Naturally, 1 glanced upward, and
as I did so my eyes fell upon an ob
ject sticking on the very center of the
glass of the head-light. 4
" 'John,' I said, 'climb up there and
see what that is.'
"He hurriedly did so, and holding It
up, said:
" 'It's a white feather out of that
pigeon we've struck and killed.'
" 'Put that feather back there,' ex
citedly called the conductor. . ;
"Sticking it back on the glass, which
was wet from heavy mist, John said:
'"There you are; what about it?'
- " 'Look toward the bridge,' from the
conductor.
"There stood the warning figure in
black. ,
"('Now take the feather away.'
,"It was removed. ....
"'Now look toward the bridge.'
."The figure in black had disap
peared. ' . '
"For months we had frightened that
white pigeon from her roosting place
in the tunnel. She had flown out ahead
of . us till struck, and killed, by our
electric head-light , when one white
feather cast a black shadow when
white turned black." . . ' '