t
THE LAND OF GRAIN
BY
JAKES OLIVER CURWOOD
Author of "American Farmers Build
ing a New Nation in the North"
"Canada The Land of Greater
Hope" "The Invasion of Canada by
American Farmers" "A Thousand
Miles on Horseback Across the Do
minion Provinces," Etc, Etc
Not so very many years ago the major
ity ot people In the United States
laughed at the prediction that the day
was coming when Western Canada
would far outstrip this country in
the raising ot grain when, in other
words, it would become the great
bread-basket of the world. During the
past three or four years the enormous
production of grain in the Dominion
West has thinned the ranks of those
who doubted the destiny of Canada's
vast grain growing regions; the crops
of this year will dispel the doubts of the
remaining few. From Winnipeg
westward to the foothills ot Alberta,
over a country nearly a thousand
miles la width, the grain production
this year will be something to almost
stagger the belief of those hundreds
ot thousands of American farmers
whose average yield is not more than
from ten to fifteen bushels of wheat
to the acre, and who are finding that
their product is also outclassed in
quality by that ot their northern
neighbors.
The enormous grain crop of. this
year in the Canadian West may truth
fully be said to be the production ot
a few pioneers." Only a small per
centage ot the unnumbered millions
ot acres of grain land are under culti
vation, notwithstanding the fact that
tens ot thousands ot homesteads were
taken up last year. And yet, when
all the figures are In, it will be found
that the settlers ot the western prai
ries have raised this year mora than
125.000.000 bushels ot wheat, 100,000,
000 bushels ot oats and 25.000,000
bushels ot barley. It has been a "for
tune making year" for thousands of
American farmers who two or three
years ago owned hardly more than the
clothes upon their backs, and whose
bumper crops from their homesteads
will yield them this season anywhere
from 11,500 to $2,500 each, mora money
than many of them have seen at one
time in all their lives.
Very recently I passed through the
western provinces from Winnipeg to
Calvary, and in the words of a fellow
passenger, who was astonished by
what he saw from the car windows in
Manitoba, we were, metaphorically
speaking, in a "land ot milk and
honey." The country was one great
sweep ot ripening grain. In fact, so
enormous was the crop, that at the
time there were grave doubts as to
the possibility or GETTING ENOUGH
BINDER TWINE TO SUPPLY THE
DEMAND. A situation like this has
never before been known in the agri
cultural history ot any country.
Before I made my first trip through
the Dominion west I doubted very
much the stories that I had heard of
this so-called "grain wonderland'
across the border. I believed, as un
numbered thousands ot others be
lieved, that the stories were circulated
mostly to induce immigration. I quick
ly found that I was wrong. As one
Alberta farmer said to me a tew
weeks ago. "It the whole truth were
told about this country I dont sup
pose you could find one American in
ten who would believe It.'
This year the prospects ot the
wheat crop et Saskatchewan. Mani
toba and Alberta are an average of
over TWENTY-FIVE BUSHELS TO
THE ACRE, and that this grain is
tar superior to that raised in the
states is proved by our own govern
ment statistics, which show that
American millers are Importing mil
lions ot bushels ot B "Canadian hard'
to mix with the home product in order
th.t this wrvuis PRnm-rr xixv
BE RAISED TO THE REQUIRED
STlvnmn I. . x.i,ii.r f ih
while the Dominion Government is
anxious for its western provinces to
fill up with, the very best of immi
grants, there has been no blatant or
sensational advertising of those lands.
For this reason It Is probable that not
one American farmer out ot fifty
knows that Canada wheat now holds
the world's record ot value that. In
other words, it Is the best wheat on
earth, and that more of it is grown
to the acre than anywhere else in the
world.
A brief study ot climatic conditions,
and those things which go to make
a climate, will show that the farther
one travels northward from the Mon
tana border the milder the climate be
comes up to a certain point. In
other words, the climate at Edmonton,
Alberta, Is far better than that of
Denver, 1.500 miles south; and while
thousands ot cattle and sheep are dy
ing because ot the severity ot the
winters in Wyoming. Montana and
other western states, the cattle, sheep
and horses of Alberta GRAZE ON
THE RANGES ALL WINTER WITH
ABSOLUTELY NO SHELTER. This
Is all largely because sea-currents and
air-currents have to do with the ma
king ot the climate of temperate re
gions. For instance, why is it that
California possesses such a beautiful
climate, with no winter at all. while
the New England states on a parallel
with it have practically six months
of winter out of twelve?
It is because ot that great sweep
ot warm water known as the "Japan
current." and this same current not
only affects the westernmost ot the
Dominion provinces, but added to Its
influence are what are known as the
"chinook winds" steady and undevl
ating air-currents which sweep over
t great wheat regions ot Western
Canada. There are good scientific',
of producing better crops than our
own western and central states, but
best of ail are the proofs of it in act
ual results. This year,, for instance,
as high as one hundred bushels of
oats to the acre will be gathered in
Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta,
and some wheat will go AS HIGH AS
FIFTY BUSHELS TO THE ACRE,
though of course this is an unusual
yield.
Last spring it was widely advertised
In American papers that Alberta's win
ter wheat crop was a failure. In fact,
this is Alberta's banner year In grain
production, as it is Saskatchewan's
and Manitoba's, and from figures al
ready in it is estimated that Alberta's
wheat will field on an average of THIR
TY-FIVE BUSHELS TO THE ACRE.
In many parts of the province returns
will show a yield of as high as FIFTY
bushels to the acre and it is freely
predicted by many that when the of
ficial figures are in a yield of at least
forty-five instead of thirty-five bushels
to the acre will be shown.
At the time of my last journey
through the Canadian West, when my
purpose was largely to secure statis
tical matter for book use, I solicited
letters from American settlers in all
parts ot the three provinces, and most
of these make most interesting read
ing. The letter was written by A. Kal-
tenbrunner, whose postofflce address
is Regina, Saskatchewan.
"A few years ago," he says, "I took
up a homestead for myself and also
one for my son. The half section
which we own is between Rouleau and
Drinkwater, adjoining the Moosejaw
creek, and is a low, level and heavy
land. Last year we put In 100 acres of
wheat which went 25 bushels to the
acre. Every bushel of It was 'No. 1
That means the best wheat that can
be raised on earth worth 90 cents a
bushel at the nearest elevators. We
also threshed 9,000 bushels of first
class oats out of 160 acres. Eighty
acres was fall plowing AND YIELDED
NINETY BUSHELS TO THE ACRE.
We got 53 cents a bushel clear. All
our grain was cut In the last week of
the month of August. We will make
more money out of our crops this year
than last. For myself, I feel com
pelled to say that Western Canada
crops cannot be checked, even by un
usual conditions."
An Itemized account shows a single
year's earnings of this settler and his
son to be as follows:
2,500 bushels of wheat at 90 cents
a bushel $2,250
9,000 bushels of oats at 53 cents
a bushel 4,770
Total $7,020
It will be seen by the above that
this man's oat crop was worth twice
as much as his wheat crop. While
the provinces of western Canada will
for all time to come be the world's
greatest wheat growing regions, oats
are running the former grain a close
race fcr supremacy. The soli and cli
matic conditions in Manitoba, Sas
katchewan and Alberta are particular
ly favorable to the production of oats.
and this grain, like the wheat, runs a
far greater crop to the acre than in
even the best grain producing states
of the union. Ninety bushels to the
acre is not an unusual yield, whole
homesteads frequently running this
average. And this is not the only ad
vantage Western Canada oats have
over those of the United States, for In
weight they run between forty and
fifty pounds to the bushel, while No.
1 wheat goes to sixty-two pounds to
the bushel. In fact, so heavy is
Canadian grain ot all kinds, and espe
cially the wheat, that throughout the
west one will see cars with great
placards upon them, which read:
"This car is not to be filled to ca
pacity with Alberta wheat.'
When I made my first trip through
the Canadian West a few years ago I
found thousands of settlers living in
rude shacks, tent shelters and homes
Today one will find
I these old homes scattered from
anuooa to me Hocsies. oui mey are
'""6" usea uy numan renanis.
Modern homes have taken their place
for it has come to be a common say
ing in these great grain regions that.
"The first year a settler is in the land
be earns-a "Jlng: the second he has
money enough to build himself a mod
ern home and barns: the third he is
independent." And as extreme as this
statement may seem to - those hun
dreds of thousands of American farm
ers who strive for a meager existence.
It is absolutely true. I am an Ameri
can, as patriotic, I believe, as most of
our people but even at that I cannot
but wish that these people, whose
UTes aro 8ncn n endless and unhappy
grind, might know of the new life that
is awaiting them in this last great
west this "land of greater hope,'
where the farmer Is king, and where
the wealth all rests in his hands. As
one American farmer said to me, "It
Is hard to pull up stakes and move a
couple ot thousand miles." And so it
is or at least it appears to be. But
in a month it can be done. And
the first year, when the new settler
reaps a greater harvest than he has
ever possessed before, he will rise
with '200,000 others of his people in
Western Canada and thank the gov
ernment that has given him, free of
cost, a new life, a new home, and new
hopes which has made of him, in
fact, "A man among men, a possessor
ot wealth among his people."
Whistling In English Streets.
In England whistling is very com
mon among all classes, and. indeed, it
is rare in London to see a butcher or
a grocer boy on his daily errands
whose lips are not pursed up for the
purpose of emitting the whistling
notes of the comic song of the hour.
So prevalent Is the habit that in
hotels, and even in clubs, requests are
posted up to "refrain from whistling."
R A V C I F Tl RY kANll
GERMAN ENGINEERS HAVE HARD
PROBLEM.
Immense Drifts Seemingly - Beyond
Control Overwhelm Railroad in
Africa May Force Construc
tion of Huge Steel Tunnel.
The Germans are in a dilemma over
the railroad they are building In their
colony of Southwest Africa to connect
Luderitz bay on the Atlantic with Beth
anien, more than. 100 miles inland.
They have not yet discovered how to
circumvent the moving sand dunes
that have covered the track many feet
deep only about 15 miles from the
coast.
Moving dunes are a common desert
phenomenon. They are found in the
Colorado desert, in the Sahara and in
the Gobi wastes of Asia. Their action
is like the waves of the sea. The sand
piles up into long high ridges, grad
ually topples over on the leeward side
and thus the whole sand wave slowly
moves along and is soon replaced by
those that are following behind it.
The moving sand hills near Luderitz
bay extend over an area only about
five miles wide. The problem before
the Germans is how to extend the
track across this narrow belt and keep
it In working order. These long ridges
cf sand are formed and moved by per
sistent southwest winds during half
the year, and the railroad business
will be paralyzed unless some means
is found of overcoming them.
Several ways have been suggested
for meeting the difficulty. Months were
spent in building high walls of sand
bags and stone so as to break the line
.of advance of these sand hills in the
hope that a way might be kept clear
for the roadbed. The hope was In vain.
The advancing hills, 30 to 50 feet in
height, are not retarded for a moment
by such puny obstructions. They
simply move up to the opposing wall,
shower sand upon it from their tops,
bury it out of sight and move over the
other side to pursue their way.
It has been proposed to excavate
the sand that has filled one of the
narrow valleys extending across the
belt, build an unbreakable roof over
this depression and thus maintain a
permanent roadway. Objections have
been raised to this plan and it has
not yet been tested.
Another scheme is to use the six
mouths when there is little or no wind
to fertilize the land crossed by the
dunes with manure from the native
cattle kraals and plant all sorts of
desert shrubs and sow the seeds of
desert grasses in the hope to fix the
sandy surface so completely that
dunes cannot form on it. The success
of this plan is regarded as highly prob
lematical and it will probably be left as
a last resort if all other measures fail,
Another plan which is meeting w4th-
much favor among engineers is i to
construct across the belt a large steel
tunnel. Trains would enter the tun
nel just before they reach the dune
region and emerge from it after pass
ing all the obstructions. The sand
mght pile up above the tunnel as it
pleases, but the running of - trains
would not be affected.
Engineer's Tame Sparrow.
Jim is the name of a sparrow which
is the pet of the engine drivers and
firemen at one of- the railroad cen
ters in the north of Scotland.
He was hatched within the noisy
precincts ot a busy locomotive stable,
but falling out of the nest before be
ing fully fledged was placed in a cage
and tenderly cared for in the railroad
office. On the third day he began to
be friendly, and in a short time was
flying all over the room, and even al
lows himself to be petted.
In fact, he quickly became so tame
that one day when his owner (the lo
cal railroad engineer) was writing
he flew onto his hand and quietly fell
asleep, and when about six months
old began to accompany him on his
dally rounds among the engines in
the yard, perched jauntily on his
shoulder, or hopping contentedly by
his side.
He chooses queer, places for his
nests, the oddest and most awkward
so far being the inside breast coat
pocket ot his owner, whom he would
follow wherever he went, stuffing the
selected pocket with miscellaneous
nesting material. Jim is now six years
of age. Animals' Friend.1 .
Police Dogs a Success.
The value of the trained dogs which
the Northwestern railroad company
of England has recently supplied to
their policemen patroling the Hull
docks was illustrated early on Satur
day morning when three shopbreakers
were arrested through the instrumen
tality of one of these animals.
A policeman saw a man running
away from a refreshment room, and
the runaway failing to stop when called
upon the policeman released the dog
from the leash. The animal pounced
on the man. threw him and held him
prisoner until the constable came up.
Two other men were arrested in the
shop and the three later in the day
were committed to the quarter sessions
for trial.
The dogs are of Airedale breed and
have been trained after the manner of
those at Ghent.
Work of Railroad Y. M. C. A.
Reports on the last season's work
received from the 25 branches of the
T. M. C. A. on the Pennsylvania rail
road show a paid membership of some
thing over 10,000, the largest branch
being at Philadelphia, with 1,926 mem
bers. The total attendance for the
season was 682,723.
ROBINS NEST ON ENGINE.
Birds Select Queer Home, But Have
Stuck to It.
D., L. & W. 'engine No. 941 makes
short trips from Gladstone to Summit,
N. J., and chiefly late at night or early
in the morning, so that she is laid up
in a rural roundhouse in Gladstone
during the day. . For convenience the
engineer and fireman who run her
have erected a scaffolding around her
tender to enable them to carry more
coal. In the scaffolding at the rear-
corner a pair of robins have built
their nest and ride on the trips from
Gladstone to Summit and back in se
curity if not in peace.
Tbey appeared there in July first,
about a nuith . after mating season
began, and proceeded at once with
the building of their nest, working
all day until the engine drew out
about five o'clock to make its evening
trip to Summit. Then they flew up
in a tree over the engine house, and
seemed to lament their lost labor. But
the next morning the engine was in Its
place, and the birds began to build
again, and so it went on for several
days, when the nest was completed
and on successive days eggs appeared
there, and on July 13 the female be
took herself to it with the obvious in
tention of rearing a brood. On that
night she accompanied the engine to
Summit and the next morning as well,
sitting tight on, her nest at the water
ing station and apparently unafraid
on - the turntable which reverses the
engine at the end of its run. There she
has remained ever since. The male
bird flies up in the oak when the en
gine is away, and on its return goes
to the nest and feeds his mate. The
theory is that the birds were driven
from some partly established home
early in the season and that their se
lection of a nesting place finally was
made without the customary discrim
ination. New York Press.
WORK OF THE RAILROADS.
They Knit the North and South To
gether After the War.
The southern railroads; more than
brotherhood, knitted the north and
south together after the war, accord
ing to Leslie's Weekly. The rail
roads gave prosperity to the south by
encouraging immigration and bringing
in people to help do the upbuilding.
Memphis 20 years ago had a popula
tion of 64,000. To-day it has 102,000.
The railroads did it.
A few years ago hundreds of places
in Louisiana, like Crowley, for exam
ple, were only prairie land. The South
ern Pacific built a station at Crowley,
and to-day that place boasts 7.000 per
sons. Other railroads did the same
thing for a hundred other thriving
places in the southern states. The
Southern railroad went into the waste
places of the south and caused towns
to spring up. The Seaboard Air line
went into a country of blasted hopes
and built up new industries and with
them new courage.
To a region of penury the Atlantic
Coast line brought plenty by putting
cash into circulation where no cash
had been before. The Southern rail
road gave the exact service necessary
for the healthy development of the
states through which it runs. It not
only created new industries, but itself
became the chief customer for the
products of the new mills.
Railroad Statistics.
The total mileage of steam railways
in the United States at the end of 1907
was 228,128 miles, an increase of 5,362
miles over the previous year. Total
capital liabilities were $16,501,413,069,
an increase of $907,864,112, of which
increase $351,717,809 was represented
by stock, the rest by bonds, etc.
The total of the capital stock was
$7,458,126,755; of bonds, $8,228,245.-
257. Other bond obligations were
$815,041,027. Bills payable, it may be
noted, figure at $857,734,167. The total
liabilities aggregated $18,558,881,437,
against $17,455,286,628 for 1906. Stocks
and bonds owned amounted to $2,884,
031.173.
The volume of business continued
embarrassingly large till the panic
of October and for a little while after,
so that the figures of 1907 give no hint
of the jtreat shrinkage which was to
follow in 1908. Gross earnings In 1907
were $2,602,757,503, an increase of
$256,117,217, or 11 per cent, over 1906.
Net famines from operation were
$S33,J39.600, an increase of $43,651.
888, or 5 per cent. The previous
year net had increased 15 per cent.
Of the total gross earnings, $2,60!
757.503. passenger traffic supplied
$574,718,578; freight. $1,825,061,85,
and 1202.977.067 came from other
sources. The revenue a passenger
mile averaged 2.04 cents; a ton of
freight a mile, 782-thonsandths ot one
cent, or 16-thousandths more than in
1906.
Road Had the Block System.
After several sudden jerks and ab
rupt stops the Chicago man on the
southern railroad became apprehen
sive. Calling the porter aside, he
said:
"Sam, is this train safer"
"Safe as any, sab," assured the
porter.
"Well, Is there a block system on
this road?"
Sam's face extended from ear to
ear.
"Block system, boss? Why, we
hab de greatest block system in de
world. Ten miles back we were
blocked by a load of hay, six miles
back we were blocked by a mule. Just
now we were blocked by a cow, and
I reckon when we get further souf
we'll be blocked by an alligator.
Block system, boss? Well, Ah should
mile." Chicago Daily News.
WHAT THE TRADE MARK MEANS
TO THE BUYER
Few people realize the importance
of the words "Trade Mark" stamped
on the goods they buy. If they did
t would save them many a dollar
spent for worthless goods and put a
lot of unscrupulous manufacturers
out of the business.
When a manufacturer adopts a
trade mark he assumes the entire re
sponsibility for the. merit of his prod
uct. He takes his business repu-
tion in his hands out in the lime
light "on the square" with the buy
er of his goods, with the dealer, and
with himself.
The other manufacturer the one
who hold3 out "Inducements," offer
ing to brand all goods purchased with
each local' dealer's brand sidesteps
responsibility, and when these infe
rior goods "come back" It's the local
dealer that must pay the penalty.
A good example of the kind of pro
tection afforded the public by a trade
mars is that offered in connection
with National Lead Company's adver
tising of pure White Lead as the best
paint material.
That the Dutch Boy Painter trade
mark is an absolute guaranty of puri
ty In White Lead is proved to the
most skeptical by the offer National
Lead Company make to send free to
any address a blow-pipe and instruc
tions how to test the white lead for
themselves. The testing outfit is be
ing sent out from the New York
office of the company, Woodbridge
Building.
Appreciates Teachers' Work.
One woman says that when her
children bring home their school re
ports at the end of the month she al
ways finds five minutes in which to
write a personal letter to the teach:
era. If there is something that the
children have learned that surprised
her she writes a note of thanks and
appreciation, and if the reports are
unsatisfactory she writes offering to
help the teacher in any way she may
suggest. Needless to say, the teach
ers are appreciative, as any one will
know who has ever taught school.
CURED HER CHILDREN.
Girls Suffered with Itching Eczema.
Baby Had a Tender Skin, Too
Relied on Cuticura Remedies.
"Some years ago my three little
girls had a very bad form of eczema.
Itching eruptions formed on the backs
of their heads which were simply cov
ered. I tried almost everything, bnt
failed. Then my mother recommended
the Cuticura Remedies. I washed my
children's heads with Cuticura Soap
and then applied the wonderful oint
ment, Cuticura. I did this four or five
times and I can say that they have
been entirely cured. I have another
baby who is so plump that the folds of
skin on his neck were broken and even
bled. I used Cuticura Soap and Cuti
cura Ointment and the next morning
the trouble had disappeared. Mme.
Napoleon Duceppe, 41 Duluth St,
Montreal, Que., May 21, 1907."
All Up.
"And when I saw the mouse."' said
the girl to her gentleman caller, "1
thought it was all up with me:"
"It was all up with her," batted In
her little brother; "she grabbed he
skirts an "
And then they reached Mm and
choked him off. Houston Post.
Bmtz or Omo Ott or Toumx t
Ixcas Cocjtot. f
Fiuxx J. Cmebi make otr ttm a ay mmtm
partner off too arm of F. J. crkiy Cx. oViini
fcuflefiM to tte Ctty off Toledo. oty
Krvomtt. ana xnat amid arm ww pay
ONE HUNDRED DOLLARS
raw of CATAJtam IM c
Riu.1 CaTassji C&rnc
ftworB aa tosftisa bbjo si
ttu ttk kr Pmaiiwr. A. Xk. us.
Ban's Catarr far takm hmmit mat art
dlrvetty DPm ItM Mot4 snl ami mm rw af Ua
mlML stead fur tealimnalala. time.
F. J. I HiXCt m COuTH O i
sold frr n ntaw
Taka HaU'a raau.y riila t
A Hard Blow.
"So Barnstormer's performance cf
Hamlet caused a great bit in t&e coun
try circuit.""
"Yea. a stunning hit-"
"Between ourselves, what
itr
T don't think Barnstormer
knew himself what struck him.'
Sheer wnfte goods, la face any fine
wash goods when new, owe msch of
their attractiveness to the way they
are laundered, this betng done fa a
manner to enhance their textile beae
ty. Home laoadertng would be equal
ly satisfactory if proper attention was
given to starching, the first essential
being good Starch, which has snScieat
strength to stiffen, without thtckeBina
the goodsi Try Defiance Starch aod
yon will be pleasaatly surprised at the
Improved appearance of your work.
Progress Reported.
"Did yon have any lock flshfsgr
"Tes."
"How many did yoa catch?"
"I didn't catch any. Bat I thought
op some mighty good stories to tell
the folks at home."
Important to Motrtere.
Examine carefully every bottle of
C ASTORIA a safe and sore remedy tor
infants and children, and see that tt
Bears the
Signature of
la TTse For Over 30 Tears.
The Kind Ton Have Always Bought
It sometimes happens that i
doesn't ask his wife to sing because
he is fond of music
Margaret Daly Vokea i Dead.
Margaret Daly Yokes, the well
known comedienne. dle4 at her sum
mer home in Lynnfieid. Mus. Thurs
day night, after a long illness of tuberculosis.
This woman say that aide
women should not fall to try
Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable
Compound as she did.
Mrs. A. Gregory, of 2355 Lawrence
St, Denver, CoL, writes to Mrs.
Rnkham:
" 1 u practically ma invmUd for six
years, on account of female troubles.
I underwent an operation by the
doctor's advice, bnt in a few months I
was worse than before. A friend ad
vised Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable
Compound and it restored me to perfect
health, such as 1 have not enjoyed fa
many years. Any woman suffering- a
I did with backache, bearing-down
pains, and periodic painsahould not fail
to use Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable
Compound.'
FACTS FOR SICK WCSL
For thirty years Lydia L Pink
ham's Vegetable Compound, made
from roots and herbs, has been the
standard remedy for female Sis.
and has positively cured thousands oi
women who have been troubled with
displacements, inflammation, ulceia
tion, fibroid tumors, irregularities,
periodic pains, backache, that bearing-down
feeling, flatulency, indiges
tion, dizziness or nervous prostration.
Why dont you try it ?
Mrs. Pink bam Invites all side
women to write her for advice.
She has stride thonsi
health. Address, Lynn, j
A Few Funny Facts,
The Georgia legislature has had un
der consideration a bill which would
make null and void a matrimonial
compact into which a woman has ,
wheedled a man by means of paint. "
powder, perfume, cosmetics, artificial
teeth, false hair, corsets, hoops, high
heeled shoes, low-cut waists, lac or
rainbow hosiery, or by any other arti
ficial means or practices. Why sot
limit the woman's "wheedling" prtv
ilges to the method of absent treat
ment? It is plain the poor :
at least a ten-mile start.
The people of Paris, 2.714,000, could
stand on 0.23 of a square mile, and the
population of Chicago on about 123 C
a square mile.
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