WOMAN WELL
CALLED QUEEN
OF ANARCHISTS
EW YORK. Uor tt-ore I
Nthaa fcaif a decade the en
tire scre senfk-e of the
Tailed "Sates, assisted
by tbe postal authorities
and a score of cut police
forces, bar been s'riving without
niuch avail to compel one little woman
to hold fcer lonsw. Laws have b?eu
made especially to deal with her. aj
who)? corjis of drtfciiws trained to
enforce the law. But neither espion
age, threats, arrests or Imprisonment
bare served to check the fauaiiral ac
tiriir of Rn:ma Goldtuaa. internation
ally ksdvn as tbe "Queen of tbe Anar
chists." says a writer in the Cincinnau
Enquirer.
To this woman's influence over tbe
Ignorant, tbe embittered and tbe UK
balanced is laid tbe death of President
MeKinley. the assassination of several
foreign rulers, the attempt on tbe life
of Henry C. Prick and many other out
rages of like kind. Yet she is still
sowing the seeds of violence in this
land of liberty with such success that
the federal, state aad municipal au
thorities have become thoroughly
alarmed aad bow are making a com
bined struggle to stamp out once for
all the dangerous fire of anarchy.
Aad what manner of woman is this
who is able to win converts to a doc
trine of murder ia a democratic coun
try whenever she speaks? This ques
tion has aever beea satisfactorily an
swered, for the woman is a good deal
of a mystery ia spite of the fact that
her doings are chronicled almost dally
ia the newspapers. This Impartial
study of her aad her career was made
at first band, aad is the first complete
account yet published.
Caws to America.
Ian Goldmaa was bora on June
27. l&Te. at Kovno. Russia, aa impor
tant towa ia tbe western part of tbe
empire near the German border. Af
ter attending school ia her native
towa she was seat to Kooaigsberg,
Germany, to finish her education. Ia
lSji. ber pareats baviag preceded her.
Ktwata. accompanied by ber elder sis
ter Helen, came to America aad set
tled with her relatives at Rochester.
N. Y. Here she engaged ia dressmak
ing aad claims to have beea succetss-
fuL She was married ia 1SS to Jos
eph Kirshner. the ceremony beiag per
formed by a rabbi ia accordance with
tbe fai'h ia which she bad beea
brought up. This anion, however, did
not prove happy and the couple soon
separated by mutual consent, but re
mained friends.
It was about this time that Emma
Goldmaa began to take aa interest ia
anarchistic teachings. Then came tbe
boatb-t browing episode ia Chicago, for
which Parsons. Spies, EngeU, Fischer
aad Liagg, all anarchists, paid the
penalty oa the scaffold and Emma
Gotdniaa's course la life changed, she
forthwith took up the preaching of
what she calls, with unconscious
Irony, "the higher doctrine of humani
ty." aad has stock it since, through
niaay vicissitudes.
At 37 tbe qaeea Is still a well pre
served woman. She Is only five feet
three inches In height and weighs
about 132 pounds, bat ber youthful
gait and carriage give ao slight iat-
J Goldman-
pressioa of nervous energy and deter
mination. Black Her Favorite CoJr.
Her hand is smail and veil kept.
her eo-rsp'exioa youthful aad he? hair
stiil cbe-stnKt. Her dark, penetrating
eyes shine tynslike behind glasses
wii'ch hide her nifst marked sign of
age. a growing network of wrinkles.
This astoarshiaj; woman's voice is low
and pie&sant and the impression one
gets of her. despite the firm chin, is of
mikiuess and gentleness, even when
she Ss speakicg ia public
Black :s her favorite color, because
the most effective, with her coilarless
gowns, ia enhancing her appearance.
On tbe platform she makes no ges
tures, but walks back and forth as she
talks ia a low. tense voice, -strongly
suggesting a black leopard in its cage.
Arriving in New York during the
spring of 1$S she set up a dressaiak-
AlEXMDfRBERXffAN.
ing establishment, joined the "Pio
neers of Liberty." the oldest anarchis
tic organization in the city, and soon
made her powers of persuasive speech
felt. It was during that year that she
first met Alexander Berkman. whom
she has since taken as "husband." ac
cording to the teachings of anarchy.
Berkman soon attempted tbe life of
Henry C Frick. a Pittsburg million
aire, and was sentenced to 22 years
imprisonment.
The next four years she spent in
comparative quiet, speaking whenever
tbe chance offered, and by persistent
effort developed into a leader of con
siderable power and influence until
she bad won tbe title of "Queen of
the Anarchists."
Received Year's Sentence.
Ia 1$2 the police of Newark and
Patersoa. X. J broke up aumerons
meetings at which she was scheduled
to speak. It was in ISfci. while speak
ing to the unemployed at Caion
square. Xew York, that the police
swooped dowa oa tbe anarchists and
arrested their ""queen" oa the charge
of -iadliag a riot." For this she was
tried and sentenced to a year's impris
onment oa Biaekweirs island. She
was released at the end of ten months
the time allowance for good behavior
being deducted and at once proceed
ed to Philadelphia. Here, as ia Xew
York, she was preveated from speak
lag by life vigilance of the police.
next hear of her ia Austria
studying Preach, thea ia Vienna be
coming a specialist in scalp and skin
treatment and ia hair dressiag.
Returning to America she set up a
hair-dressing establishment on Broad
way, combining that with treatment
of the skin sad scalp and trained nurs
ing. She was bow fluent in French.
German. Russian. English aad Yid
dish, sad spent her spare time preach
ing anarchy. Tien It ws decided that
she give up business and devote her
eatire lime to "the cause." Trouble
some Uuw followed for her, and she
Bd maay aapleasant experiences
with tbe authorities ia Paterson. Phil
adelphia. Xew York. Barre. Vt, Den
ver and other cities.
The world stood aghast when King
Humbert L of Italy was murdered by
aa anarchist at Monxa. July 24. 1900.
It subsequently developed that the
murderer was one Bresci. an ardent
follower of Emma Goldman, who jour-
ceyed from Patersoa. X. J to bis aa-1
frivk ! n.4 m fc mnr,lmitoc m)iM -
Miss Goldman at that time declared,
in fact she has always said, that she
did not preach destruction, out taught
neace. harmony and brotherly lore
among men. regardless of race, creed
or coior." How true this may be can
be judged by her subsequent career.
The Buffalo Tragedy.
On September 6. 1S01. President
McKinley was shot by Leon Czoigosz
at the Buffalo exposition, bis injuries
resiilling fatally. It was said that
Czolgesi bad ciainsed to be a follower
of Emma Goldman aad that her lec
ture at Cleveland. O, just prior to the
tragedy bad inspired him to commit
tbe deed; thereupoa the United Slates
government, acting with the authori
ties of Xew York state, demanded her
arrest.
She left St. Louis, where she had
been staying, and went to Chicago;
she was promptly arrested and put
under $20,000 baU. Ia lieu of the bail
she spent some time in the Cook
county jail, while tbe government,
anxious to secure her extradition to
Xew York, spent $30,000 and employed
200 detectives to get evidence against
her. Every effort was made to con
nect tbe "queen with the cowardly
set of Cxolgoss. but as no pi oof was
fori booming she had finally to be di
charged, and came east once more.
In ISO?, during the strike of tbe
weavers in Patersou. Emma. Goldmaa,
working with a group of local anar
chists, used the opportunity to agitate
her doctrines. During the progress of
tbe strike an encounter took place be
tween tbe mob and tbe police, us a re
sult of which warrants were issued
for tbe arrest of the "queen." Luigi
Gallerni. Wiliiam McQueen and Ru
dolph Grossman. Tho hatter two were
arrested, tried and sentenced to five
years imprisonment. Miss Goldman
went into hiding and was never
brought to court.
Outwitted tn Law.
Gallerni fled to Barre, Vt-. where be
began the publication of the Cronach
Souversiva. an anarchistic organ.
Km ma Goldman made frequent visits
to Barre. and with tbe aid of the paper
and Gallerni gained a large following
among the Italian stonecutters of that
region, through whom anarchism has
spread among Italians throughout the
land. Here, as in ether cities. Miss
Goldman was prevented from speak
ing a number of times by tbe police.
In October. 1903. John Turner 5 ar
rived in this country at the invitation
of Miss Goldman, with the object of
lecturing on the subjects ot "Trade
Unionism" aad "Anarchisnt." At his
first meeting in Xew York, oa October
23. be was arrested by the federal au
thorities under the clause la the immi
gration law which forbids the landing
of people who "do not believe in or
ganized government."
The "queen" was not to be outdone,
however. She secured the release of
Turner oa baiL fought tbe authorities
at every turn, and kept Turner busy
lecturing ia the larger cities. In the
end. through tbe United States su
preme court. Joan Turner was deport
ed, but tbe "queen" had won a victory,
for while waiting the disposition of
the case Turner had accomplished ef
fective work for anarchism.
Emaui Goldman, recognizing the
need of an English organ for anarchy
tFVee Society, the original organ first
published in, San Francisco and then
1 in Chicago, having suspended publi
cation in l$05l. secured the co-operation
of several friends, started a
ntonthiy magazine. Mother Earth, for
tbe propagation of enarchist ideas and
ideals. Mother Earth ia 1903 has
7.300 subscribers and about 3.000
coi ies are soid through the various
groups.
Publish hed Mother Earth.
Oa M-y IS. l0t. Alexander Berk
man was released from prison after
serving 14 years for his attempt on
the life of Henry C Friek at Pitts
burg. Pa. During all these years
Emma Goldman visited him many
times, often making a special trip
from New York to Allegheny, where
be was imprisoned. She traveled un
der an assumed name and she laugh
ingly tells the story that she was
never recognised. When asked bow
she managed to hide her identity she
simply srmies. aad the questioner
must be satisfied with that answer.
She had made several attempts to se
cure the reiuction of Berkman's sen
tence of 22 years, less tbe seven
years time allowance for good be
havior, but in this site was not suc
cessful, aci Berkman was compelled
to serve his full sentence.
Immediately following his release
he came east and joined the "queen"
in the publication of Mother Earth,
which in its beginning enjoyed the
active support of the radicals of the
country- Their sympathy, however,
was partly alienated as the result of
the October issue of 1906. the contents
of which were devoted to the consid
eration of Czoigosz and his act, and of
the social and psychological signifi
cance of the latter.
The Xew York police now became
very active against the anarchists, the
specially created "anarchist squad
working with vigor, and their efforts
finally resulting in the forcible disper- j
sion of a meeting called by anarchists
to discuss the act of Czolgosx. A num
ber of those present, including Emma
Goldman, were arrested, but not held.
Closely following this incident the
"queen was again arrested, together
with John Coryell and Alexander Berk
man, during a lecture on "The Miscon
ceptions of Anarchism. Though
these arrests were made under sec
tions of the "criminal anarchy law, no
conviction was secured. ,
The Denver Murder.
Again, in 1907. Emma Goldman and
Alexander Berkman were repeatedly
arrested and prevented from speaking
by the police in various cities. The
"queen" then visited Amsterdam. Hol
land, where she attended the interna
tional anarchist conference in August,
1 907. On her return to America she
was confronted by the federal authori
ties, who tried to keep her out of the
land, but in this they were unsuccess
ful, .
Four lives have been offered on the
altar of anarchy during tbe first four
months of 190S.
While celebrating mass early in the
morning of February 23. and just as
he was in the act of putting his lips to
thd sacrament. Father Leo Heinrichs
was shot down and killed by Giuseppe
Guarnacota at the altar of St. Eliza
beth's Roman Catholic church in Den
ver. CoL He was arrested and is now
awaiting triaL
Anarchist agitation in the United
States is being carried in in almost an
the various languages spoken in this
country, including Japanese and Ar
menian. Though French and Spanish
propagaada is. however, somewhat
lagging at present. Germinal, edited
by Michel Dumas, and El Desperter,
edited by Piedro Esteve, have not beea
able to keep up 'their work. On the
other hand, the German, Bohemian.
Italian and western groups are said to
be very active.
So here you have a dramatic situa
tion with a denouement still in doubt.
On the one hand is a woman, a for
eigner, fired with a fanatic hatred of
American institutions, and clever
enough to keep alive and growing a
widespread organization of other for
eigners as bitterly hating our govern
ment and all that it represents. On
the other are the combined powers of
organized society fighting desperately
against a dangerous social fungus that
threatens Its health and perhaps its
very life. And in the very center of
it all is the woman.
ROUND THE CAPITAL
Info
tattoa aad Gossip Picked TTp Her
aad Tbere la Wasfciagoa.
Jovial Scenes Mark
WASHINGTON. The comradeship
that binds the members of tbe
house of representatives together, re
gardless of party politics and poli
cies, was never better illustrated than
in the closing hours of the first ses
sion of the Sixtieth congress. Demo
crat and Republican, northerner and
southerner, Roosevelt admirer and
Bryan follower, all joined arms and
spirits, and with fervor celebrated
the passing of the session and forgot
all the strife that had marked its half
year.
"It was the most riotous and enthus
iastic adjournment I have ever seen,'
said Gen. J. Warren Kiefer, who was
a member of the Fortieth congress,
and has seen many finales.
After a day of patient waiting until
the senate conquered the filibuster,
the house was ready to celebrate as
soon as the remaining business of the
session was transacted. With the con
ference report on the government lia
bility bill agreed to, a surging, sing
ing mass of representatives came
from the lobby into the center isle,
and gaining in numbers as they went
on centered about the speaker's table.
Although it was a little after nine
o'clock, "Uncle Joe" allowed his gavel
Real Reason Why
THE real manner in which the La
FoUette filibuster on the currency
bill was lost furnishes one of the most
amusing series of incidents in the his
tory of congress. The failure is due
in a great measure to Senators Scott
and Carter, who modestly admit that
they are the champion entertainers
of the country.
Senator Stone of Missouri "has been
shown. but has not yet given expert
testimony oa the subject of their
claims. Several dispensers of refresh
ments declare that Carter and Scott
know how to buy. They eulogize the
princely spending powers of the two
senators and will cheerfully give them
letters of recommendation.
James Bryce a New Style Ambassador
THE man who comes after James
Bryce to represent his Britannic
majesty will have a hard role to fill.
The mighty wall of reserve which a
whole generation of Britishers had
built around the mission to Washing
ton has crumbled into nothing. Mr.
Bryce moves on foot and with the
crowd. He knows more people in
Washington, New York and other
large cities where he visits frequently
than the majority of the natives. For
a man past the allotted age, 70 years,
he is amazingly energetic .
He alone of all the ambassadors
and "ministers stationed in Washing
ton called on every one of the gov
ernors. If strict etiquette were ob
served, the governors should have
called on him. ' But Mr. Bryce knew
that these heads of the various com
monwealths came to Washington on
other business bentc He comprehend
ed that his part was to become ac
Where the President Buys His Coffee
A GROCERY merchant way down off
the beaten track of Pennsylvania
avenue now has the exclusive privil
ege of furnishing coffee for the head
of the Barton, and the way it hap
pened was this:
One day the president was looking
down from the terrace ot the White
House when a wagon drew up to de
liver some eatables. Across the sides,
sainted In gorgeous red. was the leg
end: "We Rost Our Own Coffee."
The chief executive was tremendously
interested, and everybody in the White
House at the particular juncture was
called oat on the terrace to see how
the grocerymen of Washington were
following the exalted ruler in the mat
ter of phonetic spelling.
Not satisfied with admiring the way
the merchant had of advertising his
wares, the president called up oa the
Last Hours in House
to rest tmtonched. aad seemed to
willing that this harmless speeds of
disorder should prevail. whUe fc-
beamed benignanOy oa the joyfil
throng. The singers were led by Rep
resentative Dwight. of Xew Yoric.
who bore aloft a huge portrait of Mr.
Cannon, who was the object of t
songs and tbe applause of both; tia
Boor and galleries.
Behind him came the sedate Theo
dore E Barton, the irrepresaij'-
Adam Bede, the irreconcilable Demo
crat. HeCin; smiling CoL "Pete" Hep
burn. Gen. Kiefer. waving a gi gaatis
flag and singing more lustily than the
younger men. and, well ap ia tha
procession, the erstwhile beCtgerea;
Representative Fowler of Xew Jersey.
It was a song composed by Represent
ative J. Hampton Moore, of Philadel
phia, and sung to the tune of Traoa?.
Tramp. Tramp."
Before the song bad beea fiai3heJ
there were cries from all parts of ths
chamber for a speech from the speak
er. Mr. Cannon responded briefly.
When Mr. Cannon finished his speech
the members immediately began wtti
"He's a Jolly Good FeOow." and rax
their repertory from "My Old Ken
tucky Home," to "The Old Oakea
Bucket" in various keys and varia
tions. John Sharp Williams contrib
uted a raucous tenor. Champ Clark a
nasal barytone, Gen. Bmgham. the
veteran of congress, mumbled a hearty
bass, while the chorus made ap ia
lustiness what it may have lacked is
concerted effort aad technique.
LaFolIette Failed
Carter and Scott acted as hosts to
Senator Stone and done their daty
nobly. Mr. Stone had beea delegate
to aid Senator La Follette in bis fili
buster against tbe currency biS. bwC
when the time came for him to act ha
was not present- Neither was the
presence of Carter or Scott noticed
on the floor of the senate. Several
dispensers of "glad water" say they
know where the trio spent the pwar
part of the day.
Senator Gore lost the filibuster be
cause of his blindness. Some rdme be
fore he concluded Mr. Stone sHppedl
into a chair beside him and said ha
was ready to take bold at any tixae.
Mr. Gore -said: "AH right," aad be
lieved Mr. Stone was present waea
he sat down. Instead. Mr. Stone was
talons a snooze la the Demoeratis
cloakroom, , . ....
Jeff Davis was also absent from tia
senate- Me had left Little Sack de
termined to savo the country, bat go
lost somewhere on the route.
quainted with so important a portioa
of the national machinery, aad he tooic
the easiest means at hand aad called
first. Many of the governors found
time to return the visit. Others codl
not. but they -all met James Bryce and
took his measure just as he took
theirs. Mr. Bryce entertained Bryas.
John Mitchell. Andrew Carnegie aad
many of. the governors at dinar. It
any man oa this continent wfB know
what this meeting of the governors
meant, it will be the publicist frosz
Great Britain. He intends to write of
it also, and ft is comfortable to realize
that he has obtained all bis data as
first hand and from reliable aoarces.
Mr. Bryce has been a revebuioat to
the sQk-hat-kept-iB-a-baadbox kiad of
diplomatist usually assigned to the
Washington mission. . He has takers
a high ground, aad the pace he has sec
is not altogether pleasing to his col
leagues. Many of the ambasjadors
now in this country would cling to tha
old ways if they felt set-iuc ia so do
ing. But Mr. Bryce has revolutionlisd
the service- The ambassadors cannot
draw tbe line socially, even politically.
They must get ia the Bmetigst. make
speeches, give interview, mingle wttli
the common herd- Such bm
not do this are being caSed
'phone and expressed his appreria
ciatioa. He told the head of the am
to send np a couple of ponaH of thar
coffee to see if the brand was as ex
cellent as the speOinc Of coarse tlx
merchant put oa his best touches aad
sent the brownest and most tragraa
Java aad Mocha straightway to taw
White House. The beverage ready t
serve was as fine as evea the presi
dent had anticipated, so a permanent
order to furnish ten posnds a weefc
was left with this fortunate Era.
But the cream of the joke aad aw
which has not beea explained to Mr.
Roosevelt was that tbe painting of taa
siga was a mistake the work of aa
old German sign artist who was aoC
particular about the way the letters
are strung together. The mereaasc
raised a great commotioa waea tie
wagon returned with "root" conspicu
ously oa it, aad it was to be returned,
the next day for repairs. Now this
lege&d has beea adopted as the tradw
mark of the firm, aad very likely a
miniature White House may be patas
ed oa oae side, as the Britishers do
when they have the exclusive cwszsrm
of the reigning families for their co-ay
modiUea.