MUKDEN ALWAYS
Wars Have Raged Around the "City of Tombe"
Than Three Thousand Years .
Mukden, the ancient city, now pass
ed' Into the control of the Japanese,
was - described last August in this
manner by an American ;war corre
spondent: '
"Most- cities of China proper have
7,212 distinct smells. Mukden , has
but 6,214; it has been Russianized
and whenever possible the Russian
has introduced clean streets, some
kind of a sewerage system, orderly
houses; hence Mukden is now known
as the cleanest town of the many
where the filthy Chinese have pre
dominated in the past."
Mukden belongs to the province of
Shingklng and on the line of railway
running north it Is about half way
between Nluchwang anil Kuangchang
tsu. which belongs to the province of
Kirln.
Now' aside from the fact that Muk
den .holds the sacred tombs of the
ancient Manchu or "pure" dynasty it
has other Interest In that it has been
one of the world's central battle
points since 1,100 years or more be
fore Christ. ,
Where Russian and . Japan have
been, contesting longer than a year,
race after race, and nation after na
tion, have harled themselves against
each other for certainly 3,000 years.
The soil about Mukden, the ranges of
the Long White Mountain,, the great
stretches of gray plains have, been
soaked with the blood of tensjof thou
bands of warriors.
It is a Golgotha a place of bones
and the wraiths of men who have
gone to their final Judgment in con
quest or plunder.
, Peopled Long Before Christ.
Dates in Cbfnose or Mongolian his
tory are much mixed, but so far as
accuracy can bo depended upon Muk
den Mas a settlement long before
Christ was born. Tho Prince of
Pohai had soma possessions there
about 710 B. C, and at ono tjme Chi
nese allegiance was thrown oft en
tirely and a centralized government
RUSSIAN WORKMEN
Half a Room for a Worklngman's
Curtain Belongs to Another Family.
established with five royal residences,
one of which rose at Mukden. .
Then came Khltan from Ilulan and
lie established the Liao dynasty and
Mukden, not yet a very notable place,
but. already battle-tossed, passed into
other hands. Afterward the Jurchin
had their try and they established
the Kin or golden dynasty and made
Mukden a great trading post on the
central highways.
Thane highways extended up to the
boundaries of the savage tribes on
the north Into He-lung-kiang and
far along the Amur River extended
south to modern Poking, to Hankow,
lo Canton and even 'into India.
Princes of the royal blood left Muk
den In those days of the beginnings,
and made two and three year pil
grimages to India to learn strange
things from wise men and to trade in
jewels and fabrics.
Fifteen hundred years, after Christ
was born Nurhachu had his chief seat
of government in the south of the
l-ong White mountain, about 100
miles east of Mukden. Mukden itself
bad then risen to be one of the most
important trading points -of" the"
North. It has been stated that its
annual volume of business rose into
the millions, and that the wealth and
fashion of the North congregated
there to bargain, play politics, love
and; hate.
Army, Was Slaughtered. '
In 1C16 Mukden saw a wonderful
Army for those days before its gates.
Nurhachu had taken to himself the
title of "heaven-decreed," and de
clared war on China. An army of
200,000 was sent against htm, but, as
the chroniclers related afterward:
"He slaughtered all; none returned
to say of how their end came." .
Mukden was captured by him in
Artillery Solar Ray Fire.
Attention was drawn some time ago
by the Army and Navy Qasette- to- a
method of representing artillery fire
by deflecting light upon the object
aimed at, which was tried In France
last year. A .similar system is be
ing experimented with in Austria, the
Kolar rays being reflected upon the
object. These rays are visible to the
troops and to. their leaders, as well as
to the umpires, whose decisions are
eaid thus to be facilitated. The ap
paratus is used from about 2,000 to
3,000 yards.
He Figures Wrong.
"The demands of society are so ex
acting and the rules of dress so Inex
orable that the area of cuticle avail
able for vaccination purposes is con
stantly becoming smaller," wrote the
health officer in his annual report.
"Between party gowns and bathing
suits there is not much opportunity
left."
"You are wrong, doctor, there are
at least two months between party
gowns and bathing suits. You must
figure time, and not Inches."
X ? J - ft -p ' XMwwUhtf gr
1
r
V
BATTLE POINT
for' More
1621 after terrific fighting and a
slaughter, if we may believe the stat
isticians, that far exceeds w,hat has re
cently occurred there. All prisoners
taken. were promptly beheaded.
Liaoyang was captured and made the
capital, and '"seventy - other-', cities'
promptly surrendered.
In 1644 the Manchus. risen to great
power, marched into China and placed
one of their own on the throne of that
government, and a Manchu, has ruled
there, ever since. In the' eighteenth
century Mukden rose to great com
mercial and 'political Importance,' but
by the time of the opening of the
nineteenth century,' through causes
largely due to the decay of the Man
chu dynasty, the city declined in Im
portance, and when , the Russians began-
their- active -control of the com
munity, after the Chinese-Japanese
war of 1894, they found it a place of
squalor, filth and disease.
Sacred Tombs Preserved.
The sacred tombs has been pre
served, but tb city was almost Iso
lated., from the world; Us people jndo
lont. careless, out of touch with the
world. The'Russians ratiio it a base
of commercial and military supplies,
introduced some modern methods of
sanitation and proposed to make it
tho half-way station between Port Ar
thur and Harbin. '
Now the Japanese have it. To
them it may. be their; northern ' ter-
; 1 I Innri ttmv will doml-
U 1 1 1 l ill luw v. uu j
nate, although in all probability, -when
it comes to naking the final treaty,
they will dominate far to the Kuang-chang-tsu
district. Aside from the
Russian population 90 per cent of the
inhabitants of Mukden, are Chinese.
The only language taught in the city
(schools is Chinese. The Japanese
probably will Introduce entirely mod
ern' methods of education and com
merce. '
In 3.000 years there have been
fought in front of or about Mukden
some twenty-odd noted battles of the
HERDED LI KE CATTLE.
"Home; the Other Half Behind the
y .
Orient, and it is conservatively esti
mated that within and about the city
during that time more than 5,000,000
men have been engaged in bloody
struggles for the control of territory
and government.
Roused Artist from Inaction.
Phil May, the English artist, who
died not long ago, had fits of laziness
and when, suffering from this ailment
found it very difficult to work. On
one occasion he had promised a col
oied design for tho Christmas number
of a weeklj. The day fixed for its da
livery passed by, but no design was
forthcoming. The publisher .went
hunting for him and found him at a
seaside hotel enjoying a time of abso
lute inaction. Without going to. see
Mr. May, he hired six sandwich men
to parade up and down before the ar
tist's window with boards bearing dif
ferent legends. This was their tenor:
"What about our Christmas cover?"
"We are waiting for that cover."- It
was a delightful reminder, and in a
few days the publishers received- one
tit t,he most .brilliant designs May had
ever executed.
Mew Idea for Inaugural Parade.
A North Carolina man who thought
that the inaugural parade was a good
deal like a circus procession, wrote to
the inaugural committee as follows:
"1 wud like to . cum to Washington
end play the countryman in the pro
cession. t am the greatest rube you
ever seed, ' and am sure that I cud
act the part better than any- man in
the country. I am a republican ' and
want . to show these trlfln' democrats
what a man will do for bis president.
I arft 'sure I' can please yu. I will
work! for--"my grub and S0. cents a
day,: jineludin' carfare." ,
German Students. "
'ihis winter semester there are at
the several German universities 33.71G
matriculated students, against 89,581
during the last summer semester, and
39,718 last Winter. At the beginning
of the nineties there were In round
numbers 29.000 students, and in the
winter of 1894-95, 28,105; the third ten
thousand was not reached until the
winter of 1897-98, when the number
was ?l,U0, -ijc wi'ch time there
has been a steady increases- The larg
est number this winter is at Berlin,
'7,774. ' . .
Life of Country Physician.
The strenuousness of the life of the
country physician is illustrated in the
case of Dr.. George H. Coombs, of
Waldboro, Me., who, during the recent
storm, found it impossible to run his
automobile or force his horses
through the mountain-high snowdrifts,
walked to West Waldboro and back,
a total distance of eight miles, to see
a patient. The incident illustrates
also the devotion of the conscientious
physician to his patients.-Boston
Transcript i ..-
-
mm
REVIVAL MOVEMENT IN WALES
William T. Stead Greatly Impressed
by Its Force and Power.
The vast congregations were as so
berly sane, as orderly, and at least
as reverent as any congregation I ever
saw beneath the dome of St. Paul's.
But it was aflame with a passionate
religious enthusiasm, the like of
which I have never seen in St. Paul's.
Tier above tier from the crowded
aisles to the loftiest gallery eat or
stood, as, necessity dictated, eager
hundredsof serious men and thought
ful women, their eyes riveted upon
the platform or upon whatever other
part of the building was the storm
center of the meeting.
. There was absolutely nothing wild,
violent, hysterical, unless it be hys
terical for the laboring breast to
heave with sobbing that cannot be re
pressed, and the throat to choke with
emotion as a sense of the awful hor
ror and shame, of a wasted life sud
denly bursts upon the soul. On all
sides there was the solemn gladness
of men and women upon whose eyes
has dawned-the splendor of a new
day, the foretaste of whose glories
they are enjoying in the quickened
sense of human fellowship and a keen
glad zest added to their own lives.
Employers tell me that the quality
of the work the miners are putting in
has improved. Waste is less, men gc
to their daily toil with a new spirit of
gladness in their labor. In the long
dim galleries of the mine, where once
the hauliers swore atv their ponies in
Welshified English; jiernis of blas
phemy, there is nov $ut tojbe heard
the haunting melody of he revival mu
sic. The pit ponies; like the Ameri
can mules, have been driven by oaths
and curses since they first bore the
yoke, are being retrained to do their
work without the incentive of profan
ity. There is less drinking, less idle
ness, less gambling. Men record with
almost incredulous amazement, how,
one football player after another has
foresworn cards and drink and the
gladiatorial games, and is living a so
ber and godly life, putting his energy
into the revival. More wonderful still,
and almost incredible to those who
know how journalism lives and
thrives upon gambling, and how Tory
ism is broad-based upon the drinking
habits of the people, the Tory daily
paper of South Wales has devoted its
columns day after day to reporting
and defending tho movement which
declares war to the death against
both gambling and drink. From "The
Great Religious Revival ia Wales," by
William T. Stead, in the American
Monthly Review of Reviews.
MAY FIND MURDER MOTIVE.
In Tales of "Graft" Police Expect to
Clear Up Stanford Mystery.
Miss Bertha Berner and Miss May
Hunt, secretary and maid, respective-.
Miss Bertha Berner.
ly, to the late Mrs. Stanrord, uav
been instructed by the police not t
leave Honolulu. It is believed thaj
among the stories of household quar
rels and graft, -a hint of the motive
for murder may be found.
Albert Beverly, the ex-butler, has
it is said, made a statement to the
police to the effect that in all. by
means of "rake downs" and commis
sions he had "grafted" about ?2,100
He reiterates his story that he divid
ed his "rake down" with Miss Berner
and that her share amounted to be
tween $1,000 and $1,100.
Flying Machines and Fighting.
' Santos Dumont says that the recent
generation - will see a perfect ' flying
machine that will make war impos
sible. There, may be a perfect flying
machine, but -how that is goiug to
make war impossible is not e-o plain
to a man on the ground as It appear!:
to be to M. Dumont. He probably in
tends to carry explosives and dror.
them onto the heads of the people, but
the other fellows wjil, be able to dt
the same thing, leaving, .we shoulfl
say, war not only possible, but might
ily destructive. If affairs between bel
ligerent powers could be so-adjusted
that only one of theti could-have re
course to' flying macifines. 'and when
the hostilities . break out that ore
should get into the. ntaekiUes and. fly
away, then war might be sas1 to aave
become' impossible. Milwaukee Fret
Press.:;. .
" Dumb Man Speaks.
Fifteen -moirths ago Ttomas Witty,
a man employed in Armstrong's Fh'p
yard, woke up one morning and found
that he had lost the faculty of speech.
Remaining dumb, he gave tip his
employment. On Saturday he v was
selling oranges, with his son shouting
for him, when somebody asked him
the price cf the oranges, and much to
his own 'astonishment his long at
tempted utterance came, for he re
plied. "Four a penny." Since that mo
ment he has been able to speak as
well as ever. London Daily Mail.
Uoctors' Race at a Fair.
An arniTSiBrfeature of the closing
day of the nortReeprgia fair held at
Chlckamauga. was a "doctors' race."
The twelve physicians who took part
in the contest had their horses., sta
bled near by and were themselv-is
undressed and in bed. At tho stroke
of the gong they had to dress, hitch
their horses to i.heir vehicles and
drive 'one mile to a supposed patient.
The race was won by Dr. Rudesell." Dr..
Elder was second and Dr. Hunter
third.
DEATH OF SENATOR BATE
Veteran Soldier and' Statesman Suc
cumbs to Pneumonia.
' United States Senator William
Brimage Bate, of Tennessee, twice
governor of his state, a veteran of
both the Mexican and civil wars, ris
ing from private to major general in
the latter and for eighteen years a
conspicuous member of the upper
house of congress, died at his hotel
apartments in Washington, March 7,
aged 78 years. Death- was rue to
pneumonia and defective heart... Sen-,
ator Bate attended the inauguration
cerenionies on March 4 abd his death
Is believed to be due primarily to ex
posture on thai occasion. Senator
Bate took his seat in the senate in
1887 and was recently sworn in for
another term of six years. He was
the ranking minority member of the
committee on territories, military af
fairs and agriculture and forestry, al
so a member of several minor com
mittees and chairman of one of the
minority committees. Besides the
widow, two daughters, Mrs. Thomas
F. . Masten of Tennessee : and Mrs.
Chillis of Los Angeles, survive the
senator. Both houses of the general
assembly of Tennessee took appro
priate action on the death of Senator
Bate.
JOKE ON PARIS LAWYERS.
Members of the Bar Supposed to
Work Only for Justice.
The wits of the v Boulevards have
been furnish.ecU.wiih a fruitful topic,
by the civil court of Paris, which has
ordered a lawyer to return the greater
part of the fees he received in a cer
tain case.
It is not in the enforced return of
the money, however, that the humor
lies, but in the ground on. which the
court based its action. M. J. Cornely,
who records the incident, says the
judge declared that members of the
bar there work for justice, not for
noney, and have no legal claim to
jne sou for services!
This, it appears, has been a hallow
ed fiction since the days of St. Louis
ad we can well believe that its re
:rudescence at this time as a judicial
let has caused a commotion among
he lawyers of Paris.
CLOTHES MAKE THE MAN.
Sorgeous Raiment a Necessity for
Those in Authority.
There is no power without clothes,
.t is the power that governs the hu
man race. Strip its chiefs to the skin,
jnd no state could be governed; naked
Mficials could exercise no authority;
they would look (and be) ' Bike every;
body else commonplace, inconsequen
tial. A policeman in plan clothes is
one man, in his uniform ho is ten.
Clothes and titles are the most potent
thing, the most formidable influence
in the earth.. They move the human
race to willing and spontaneous re
speqt for the judge, the general, the
admiral,: the .bishop, the ambassador,
the frivolous earl, the idiot duke, the
sultan, the king, the emperor. No
great title is efficient without clothes
to support it. In naked tribes of sav
ages the kings wear some kind of
rag or decoration which they make
sacred to themselves and allow no one
else to wear. The king, or the great
Fan tribe wears a bit of leopard skin
on his shoulder ifr is sacred to royal
ty; the rest of him is perfectly naked.
Without thjs bit of leopard skin to
awe and impress the people he would
not be able to keep his job. "Mark
Twain" in North American Review.
Photographed Wrong Man.
A Washington photographer want
ed the picture of . the president's
friend Seth B;i!ock, the sheriff of
Deadwood, who was selected to lead
the cowboy bunch -in the inaugural
procession. He sent an assistant out
to round up Bullock and bring him
to be photographed.. Presently the
assistant came back with a gray-mus-tached
man in tow and announced
that this was the man wanted. The
man sat for several pictures. As he
was going out the . clerk in .the gal
lery said: "By the way, , Mr. Bullock,
please give me your full name for the
pictures." "Bullock nothing!" said
the man. "I am not Bullock. I am
f-irlorgan Bulkeley, senator-elect from
Connecticut."'
A Curiou3 Clock.
One of the most curious clocks in
the world is.' perhaps; that which tells
the times to the inhabitants of a little
ery, which is nothing but a face,
backwood town, and which was con
structed some time ago. The machin
hands, and lever, is connected with
a geyser, which shoots out an im
mense column of hot water every
thirty-eight , seconds. This spouting
never varies to tho tenth of a second.
Every time the water spouts up it
strikes the lever and moves the hands
forward thirty-eight seconds.
Fish With Two Kinds of Eyes.
The anableps, or stargazer, a flsh
of the cyprodont family, found in riv
ers of Guiana. Surinam and Brazil.
has each, of its eyes divided into -an
Bpper and a lower portion by an
opaque horizontal line.
This gives it in effect two pupils in
eaX!J eye, one suited for seeing in the
air ad the other for seeing in the
water. Tft.e fish is in the ' habit of
swimming aFe surface with its
head sometimes 3bove, sometimes be
to t.fce water linelEishing Gazette.
tijjishinj
FINANCIAL RECORD THE BEST.
Not - Once - in History-- Hae-f City . of
Mexico Repudiated Debt.
The City of Mexico has been doing
business for about 380 years. There
is probably no capital in the civilized
world that during the same period has
been the center of more wars of con
quest or revolution, and yet, through
all the troublesome days of these cen
turies, this city has maintained its
financial reputation free from blemish.
Kings have come and gone, viceroy
has succeeded viceroy, emperors have
flourished for a brief regime and
rival factions have striven for the
presidency, loans have been forced
by one general government to be re
pudiated by the next, bonds were is
sued during the French occupancy
that the republic would not assume,
but during all the strife the ancient
capital of the Aztecs cherished its
financial integrity as its choicest jew
el and to-day rejoices in the record
that not once in all its long history
has a debt been repudiated. Modern
Mexico.
TO DIRECT CANAL-CUTTING.
Chief Engineer Wallace Likely to Be
Supreme in Panama.
Chief Engineer John F. Wallace,
who will probably be the actual work
ing head of the Panama Canal com
mission tinder the proposed reorgani
zation of that body, and who is likely
to be the real builder of the canal
under the president's determination
to intrust that work to the ablest man
the country can produce, is one of the
best known civil engineers in this
country, and :SO well 1 known abroad
and -so highly esteemed tbatr he has
been elected to membership in many
f the most scientific bodies of Eu
rope. For many years he was connect
ed with the Illinois Central railroad,
working up through all the grades to
the office of general manager, a post
he held at the time he was selected
some months ago by the canal com
mission for the office of chief engi
neer.
How We Catch Cold.
The rationale of the causation of
the ordinary "cold" is pretty well un
derstood at the present day, and it is
generally conceded that when civcu
liiory disturbances or vital depres
sions are produced, as the result -of
localized.or general - chilling of - the
body surface, newly entered or already
present pathogenic bacteria are en
abled to attack the body with very
good chances of success. At such
times it is said that the powers of
resistance are below- par, and, conse
quently," the bacterid, gain an easy
victory. This point was illustrated in
telling' fashion by Durck, who found
that. rabbits infected with pneumococ
ci developed pneumonia if they were
subjected to severe cold,' whereas un
chilled control animals survived.
Medical Record.
Exclusive Religious Circles.
There is a good deal of comment
just now on the exclusive attitude of
certain New York churches. In some
it is impossible to purchase a pew or
even a sitting. The demand for pews
in Grace church is so great that
names have been on the waiting list
for years. In several other fashion
able houses of worship the condition
is the same. Some newcomers of
great wealth, eager to touch elbows
with the most orthodox of respectabil
ity, secure pews by sublease, but this
is a costly kind of enterprise. It is
not uncommon to hear of pews sell
ing for $1,500 or more. Indeed, with
in a week or two pew 40 of Grace
church sold for $1,E50. In St. Thom
as' church single sittings sell for
$150,,.., .-.
The People's College.
The American boy does not. as a
rule, take kindly to early specializa
tion, says Walter L. Hervey in the
Chant auquan. The ' general high
school course, whether classical or
scientific, attracts the" vast majority
of students and is likely to do so for
many years to' come. The typical
American high schpql is one whose
chief, aim is to provide general cul
ture and. equipment' for life, irrespec
tive of academic or vocational des
tination.. This conception of the high
school is reflected in the name by
which it is often, called. "the pec
pies' college." ' ', "'
Benefited by American Education.
Tong Shin Ye, just appointed Chi
nese ambassador to England, was one
of the second delegation of thirty
youths sent to this country, in 1872
to be educated. He was then 12 years
old. He and another lad were taken
in hand by E. C. Gardner of Spring
field, Mass., with whom they , remain
ed for two years. Then, having made
great progress in the study of En
glish, they went to school. Tong re
mained in the United States for six
years. He finished his education in
China
A Botany Tea.
Dr. Peebles, assistant professor of
biology at the Woman's College, and
some of her students' gave a unique
botany tea in one of the science
rooms. All the refreshments, which
were of a vegetable compound ex
cept salt, jere eaten with laboratory
instruments, i The food consisted of
lettuce, . tomatoes, asparagus . tips,
olives, ginger, fruit salad and bis
cuits. The tea was filtered at the
table over laboratory glasses. Balti
more American. " ,
JS-tB
ivvsNrnoN!,
Electric Cigar Lighters.
Electricity is lighting houses not
only, but cigars as well. An ingenious
electric cigar lighter consists of a
metal box, perforated and mounted
upon a standard . and supplied with
110-volt continuous current fron the
lighting mains. Inside the box' are
two carbon pencils which are brought
in contact by the depression of a
thumb piece or button on the out
side, and then separated by a spring
mechanism which holds the carbons
just far enough apart for an arc to
be formed. By inserting a cigar in an
orifice in the front its unlighted end
becomes ignited by contact with the
arc, the whole operation taking scarce
ly five seconds and costing 10 cents
per kilowatt hour. . In other words, 500
cigars may be lighted for about one
penny. Taking into account interest
and depreciation, the Hew lighter will
scarcely be a formidable rival of the
safety match.
Not for Women Alone.
Tn a Broadway car a few days ago
a metropolitan belle had no hesitation
in pulling from one of the recesses of
her dress and secured by a long gold
1 chain around her neck, a locketlike
device, and opening it, take therefrom
a powder puff, with which she careful-'
ly went over her face before alighting
from the car. An observer of the male
r ersuasion took occasion to indulge in
a dissertation on the frivolities of the
females,' but it was not long before
he had attention called to the enlight
ening spectacle of a man engaged in
vigorously grooming his mustache
with the aid of a pocket mirror, and.. a
jointed comb.
The jointed comb is quite generous
ly affected by the sterner sex, and it
is for him as well as the ladies that
the telescoping comb has been made
by an ingenious inventor from Lon
don, Ohio. It will be readily seen how
this implement, being made. in. four
parts, one fitting in the other, . will
form a very compact article. The
larger end piece is not supplied with
teeth, but comprises a casing into
which the other parts collapse.
Brooklyn Eagle.
National Telephone in Japan.
Telephones in the land of the mika
do are government institutions. - The
service has been established since
1S80. There are forty-five exchanges
in Tokio, employing sixty-three men
and twenty-five- women clerks, and 115
men and 1,722 women operators. The
number of subscribers at the end of
November, 1904, was 35.2G5. The tele
phone dapartment has 2,537 miles of
bare wire, 201 miles of aerial cable,
169 miles of underground cable and
C.58 nauts of submarine cable em-,
ployed in the servic. The charge to
subscribers varies according - to the
size of the town, being 48 yen per an
nuel in , some of the smaller towns
and CO yen in Tokio and Osaka, ' the
middle charge of 54 yen being made
in Yokohama and other places. The
call office fee is 5 sen for a conversa
tion not exceeding five minutes, with
an additional 5 sen for each addition
al five minutes' conversation within
town limits, and 10 sen with similar
regulations for out of town Subscrib
ers.
"Wireless" in Naval Warfare.
Among the interesting features of
the maneuvers of the United States
squadron cf evolution at Culebra this
winter, will be practice , with relay
wireless telegraphy. The. ships will
be arranged in column, distant from
each other about 100 miles, and wire
less messages will be transmitted
from the flagship and repeated- from
ship to ship, the final recipient report
ing to the flagship the exact message
-eceived from the penultimate ship.
Will Save Cattle and Horses.
The latest invention for installation
in stables and cattle sheds, and fcav
ing for its primary object the imme
diate rescuing of horse3 and cattle. In
case of. danger, especially by fire, is
called "The Lightning Release Lock,
There is, no device on the market to
day applicable for the purpose men
tioned, which combines so perfectly,
simplicity of construction, with effi
ciency of operation.- It answers a re
quirement, the abEence of which has
teen keenly felt by horsemen and cat
tle owners for many years, particular
ly in buildings where many horses
and cattle are housed, and which are
particularly susceptible to danger by
New Stall Stock.
fire, in consequence of the confusion
attending the release of the animals.
The lock is worked by the pull of a
lever. It can be placed in any part
of the stable that will best answer its
purpose. There is one lock in each
stable, whioh is connected by piping
running through the same, from one
part of the stable to the other. The
serviceable part of this lock is that it
can be utilized independently, for
daily use, leaving the main lock to be
lsed only in case of emergency.
Electric Motors on Long Island.
The management of the Long Island
i ail way has decided to substitute elec
tric motors for locomotives in the
handling of all passenger trains. An
order ,bas been placed with a Pitts
burg firm for motors enough to su
persede every locomotive in active
service in this department. Power
wilt be taken from a wire overhead
after the manner employed in trolley
car operation. By the beginning of
the summer traffic it is expected that
all trains on this line will be run by
motors, doing away with the smoke.
cinders and other discomforts of rail
road travel in warm weather.
Lettuce for Insomnia.
Insomnia can be cured by eatin
lettuce.
, PLAN FOR BA8UKIENT, BARN.
. '- J," -
Quarters for Twenty Hte4 of Cattle
,. -and Two. Teams..
The accompanying plans are for w -basement
barn. 35 by 58 feet, to ac
commodate twenty bead of cattle and '"
two teams of horses. The basement
wall is 8 feet high; 1 foot thick, and
composed of cement concrete.-If stone
is used for wall instead of cement.:
the building should be 2 feet larger
each ' way to , allow 'fort the thicker
walls that would be necessary. Unless -gravel
is scarce and stone plentiful,
cement is much to be preferred to
stone masonry and is cheaper.
A is the horse stable; B, the box
stall; C, root house;, D, cow stab res; .
-ill r
u
Ground Floor P. u
H. passages. The small si, jares, three '
on one side' and two ;.on the ' other,
shown in the ground iBoor plan, are
ventilating shafts -10 Inches square,
which extend from the'celling of the
basement to the plate -of the barn
where they are open to the outside. '
Fresh air should be admitted through
2-inch tiles placed in the walls one foot '
above the lerrel of the basement floor, -and
in such position that draughts will
not strike, the j animals. - Windows .
should be all hung at the top. Stable -doors
should all be cut in two horizon
tally, making the bottom -part 3 feet 6
inches high. The barn posts are 18
feet high and the roof is hipped.
The cost of building; paries in dif
ferent localities, but a ir estimate .
would be about as folio :; Excavat-.-'
ing. $10; cement wall, 25; cenjen'
floor, $125; timber, $230, Jumber and 1
shingles, $315; lumber for stable fit- '
tings, $70; hardware,; $40;' carpenter
work, $175; silo, $140. This estimate r
is for first-class workmanship, and '
matched lumber. The foundation tim
bers may be made up of 2x10 inch
planks. For the superstructure, square
timber should be used.
L ! "Ml
1 ' . ..
.. to "..'
-ia't 3 -t!w7T 4A.iu
Timber Framing of Upper Floor.
The outside timbers marked A are
2x10 in. planks lying on concrete wall.
The cross timbers marked B are 10x10
in. The small black square represents
the location of posts, which are placed
so as not to interfere with passage
in the basement. .
A House of Cement and Stone. '
J. W. R. Would it be advisable to
build a house 24x28 feet and 18 feet -high
of cement and stone? How thick
.. V- 1,1 t,n-wnfl Uah m 1.
ment would .be required antr whal
would be the cost of the walls?
Houses built of stone are durable f
and warm, but. they pever should be
plastered directly oifthe stone. The -walls
should be strapped and then
lathed and plastered, for if plastered
on the stone wall, the walls are al
ways colder,- especially in the winter,
and the moisture in the rooms will
condense on the walls, making them
wet. -AJ1. brick, stone' or concrete
walls-eiiould be strapped before being
lathed and plastered. - . .
The walls should be 20 inches thick . :
for first story and , 18 inches for see-
on.d story. Mortar for laying stone
for such a building may be composed ,
of one part of Portland cement to five
parts of sand. '
The cost of stone work will depend ;
on the cost of material, where the ' t.
building is erected and the class of ;
stone, work required. ; For plain rob-
bio work the usual price per cord i3
fifteen dollars where cement is used .
in "making the mortar. Your walls t
would cost $420, estimating them . at ;
$15. per cord. Yon would require
about 40 barrels of cement. H. - ,
How to Mend Table Linen.
A housewife whose . table linen al
ways does her good service mends it
with embroidery cotton of a number
to correspond with the quality of the .
cloth. Under the ragged edges of the
tear she bastes a piece of stiff paper,
and makes a .network:- of fine stitches
back and forth over its edges,' Thin -places
and breaks in linen may, run
with the flax or embroidery floss, and
towels should be mended in the same
way. " - ; :'"- f :' "V " '
Tea Growing Experiments.
Some of the farmers . near 9anta
Rosa. Cal., are experimenting with
tea growing, ; and heir efforts seem ,
to be meeting with success. It is said
that there is no reason Why tea should
not be grown' in some sections of this .
country, though th$ earlier South .Car
olina experiment, ia not known to be
making great headway.
Sensible Rules.of Club.
Some easy-going ;. citizens of Hume.
Mo., have organized a 'Don't Worry'
club. The certificate of m' ibership.
bears the following; pledge "I hereby
promise that, to the best of my ability.
I will not worry, knock, fret, roar or
chew the rag, but; will endeavor to
remain sweet and! contented for a
whole year.":' .
No Danger ef Discovery. "
"I am afraid some of the dates in
my - historical novel are inaccurate. "
"That is all right," answered the
publisher. "It will never be noticed'
People who read history have too
much literary taste to .read historical
novels." 1 " . ' ' t
Needed Money. ,
De Style Was the : Duke ' on his)
knees when he proposed to Miss MUV"
yins? . ... ' ' - 'i
Guilbusta No; on his uppers
Does Not Hqld Good Always.
"There's nothing like perseverancb;
it wins out in the long run."
"Not always; did you ever see
hen on a porcelain egg? .
J
