jcr ' f.i.N'.M) '.:( .;,... 'it i l ' i i 1 .... . i ; , A Family Newspaper Devoted to Democracy, Lltoraturo, Agriculture, Mechanics, Education, Amusomonts and Oonoral Intelligence. VOL. 1. BELLEVUE, NEBRASKA,' THURSDAY, JULY 9, 1857. NO. 35. Til. rVtUSRtT) EVtRT TUORSpAY AT BCLLEYCE CITf , N. T. BY S. A. STRICKLAND & CO. . Terms of Subscription. Two Dottans per annum, it paid In advance, or $2 50 if not paid within the year. TO CLUB! I Three copiea to one address, in advance $5 00 Seven do do do 10 00 Fifteen do do do 20 00 A club of seven subscribers, at $10, will entitle the person making it up to a copy for ix months a club of fifteen, at $20, to a copy for one year. When a club of subscribers Las been forwarded, additions may be made to it on the same terms '' RATES OF ADVERTISING. Square (12 lines or less) 1st lnsertton--$l 00 Each subsequent Insertion 60 One square, one month 2 60 " three months 4 00 (ix " A 00 " one year 10 00 Ouslness cards (ft lines or less) 1 year 6 00 One column, one year 60 00 Bne-half column, one year 35 00 " fourth " " " 20 00 " eighth " 10 00 " column, six months 35 00 " half column, six months 20 00 " fo-irth " " " 10 00 " eiehth " " " 8 00 column, three months 20 00 " half column, three months 13 00 " fourth " " " 10 00 " eighth " " M 00 Announcing candidates for office 6 00 JOB WORK. For eighth sheet bills, per 100 $2 00 i or quarter . , i w For half - " " " 00 For whole " " " " 1 00 For colored paper,half sheet, per 100.. 5 00 For blanks, per quire, first quire 2 00 F.ech subsequent quire .1 00 Cards, per pack 1 60 Each' siihiequent pack. 1 00 For Ball Tickets, fancy paper per hun'd 6 00 Each subsequent huudred 4 00 BUSINESS CARDS. ' Bowen & Strickland, ATTORNEYS AT LAW. . Real Estate, City Lots and Claims bought and sold. Purchasers will do well to call at our office and examine our list of City Lots, fee. before purchasing elsewhere. Office in Cook's new building, corner of Fifth and Main streets. L. L. Bowen. ATTORNEY AND COUNSELLOR AT LAW, Bellevue, N. T. 1-tf S. A. Strickland, ATTORNEY AND COUNSELLOR AT LAW, Bellevue, N. T. 1-tf C. T. Ilolloway, ATTORNEY AND COUNSELLOR AT LAW, Bellevue, N. 1. 1-tf W. H. Cook. GENERAL LAND AND REAL ESTATE AGENT, Bellevue City, Nebraska. 1-tf -' B. P. Rankin,' ATTORNEY AND COUNSELLOR AT LAW, La PI ttte, N. T. 1-tf ' J. Seeley, ...i ATTORNEY AND COUNSELLOR AT LAW, Omaha, N. T. 1-tf ' , V . S. W. Cozzens, , . ATTORNEY AT LAW and General Land AGENT, Omaha citv, N. T. Office in Henry fc Root's uew Brick Block, Farnham etreet. . -. ao Id-tiia. -. , . . John W. Pattison.' NOTARY PUBLIC AND REAL ESTATE AGENT, FonteneUe, N. T. 1-tf . , j . ' James S. Izard & Co. , r AND AGENTS, Omaha, Douglaa County, Ji Nebraska Territory. 1-tf Drs. Malcomb & Peck, OMAHA CITY. Office on Harney street, opposite the Post Office. Particular at tention given to Surgery. 1-tf p.E.Shannon. REAL ESTATE AGENCY, Cerro Gordo Pout Office, St. Mary, Mills Co., Iowa. 2 .""""P.E.Shannon,' COMMISSION & FORWARDING MER CHANT, St. Mary'a Landing Mills Co., Iowa. 1-tf Peter A. Sarpy, FORWARDING k. COMMISSION MER CHANT, Bellevue, N. T., Wholesale Dealer in Indian Goods, Horses, Mules, and Cattle. 1-tf D. J. Sullivan. M. D.. PHYSICIAN and SURGEON. Office Head of Broadway, Council UluOs, Iowa. nov. 13 !!': T. . CVMINO. JOHN C. TCRK. Cuming Si Turk, .Ittornrys at Law and Real Estalt,1gt)iis. OMAHA CITY, N. T., ' WILL attend faithfully and promptly to all business entrusted to them, in the Territorial or Iowa courts, to the purchase of ' lota and lands, entries and pre-emptions, col lections, c. ! Office in the second story of Henry & Roots new building, nearly opposite the Western Fxchangs Bank, Farnbam street. , Papers in the Territory, Council Bluff Bu. rle and Keokuk Times, pleas '"py and hsrre. Ntlir.iskiar office. ..ItUSIXESS CARDS. D. II. Solomon, ATTORNEY and COUNSELLOR AT LAW, Glenwood, Mills Co., Iowa, prac tices in all the Courts of western Iowa and Nebraska, and the Supreme Court of Iowa. Land Agency not in tht Programme, no 4-tf C T. HOLLOWAT. C. O. KELLER ' ' Hollowav & Keller. GENERAL LAND AGENTS. Bellevue city, N. T., will promptly attend to the collecting and investing money, locating Land Warrants, buying ami selling city lots, &.C. Office at the Bellevue House. Johnson, Casarly & Test, GENERAL LAND AGENTS, ATTOR VT NEY3 AND COUNSKLLORS ATLAW, Council Bluffs, Iowa, will promptly attend to Land Agencies, Collections, Investing Money, ideating ana selling L.and warrants, ana all ojhr business pertaining to their profession, in Western Iowa and Nebraska. . 1-tf C. A. Henry & Co., WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DRUG GISTS, At the Nebraska Drco Store, Omaha city, INeiiraska, have on hand and are constantly receiving a large and complete assortment of Drugs, Chemicals, Patent Medi cines, Dve Stud's, Liquors, Srgars, Preserved Fruits, Confectionarie, &c.,&.c. . Physicians orders filled on a small advance on cost. 1-tf Titos. Macoi. Alex. Macon. H. O. Jones. . Macon, Brother & Co. TAW AND LAND AGENTS, Omaha City A Nebraska Territory. no B-tf. Qustav Seeger, rnOPOGRAPHIC AND CIVIL F.NGI X NEER, Executes Drawing and Painting of every style and description. Also, all business in his line. Office on Gregory street, St. Mary, Mills county, Iowa. 1-tf Greene, Weare Sz Benton, BANKERS AND LAW ACENTS, Council Bluffs, Potowattamie conuty, Iowa. Greene tt Weare, Cedar Rapids, Iowa. Greene, Weare A. Rice, Fort Dcs Moines, la. Collections made ; Taxes paid ; and Lands purchased and sold, in any part of Iowa. 1-tf v. W, Harvey, SURVEYOR AND CLAIM AGENT, will promptly attend to all business of Survey ing laying out and dividing land, surveying and platting towns and roads, and will adcompany persona desirous of making claims, and will act as agent for the sale ef claims. Office on Main street, Bellevue, N, T , 20-tf CEO. SfTDIR. JOHN H. SHERMAN. Snyder & Sherman, A TTORNEYS and COUNSELLORS AT H. LAW, and NOTARIES PUBLIC, Coun eil Bluffs, Iowa, will practice their profession in all the Courts of Iowa and Nebraska. All collections entrusted to their care, at tended to promptly. - ' Especial attention given to buying and sell ing real estate, and making pre-emptions in Nebraska. Deeds, Mortages, and other Instruments of writing drawn with dispatch j acknowledg ments taken, be, fee. ( Office west aids of 1 Madison street, just above Broadway. ; nov 13 1-tf. WM. K. SMITH. 1. H. SMITH Smith & Brother, ATTORNEYS t COUNSELLORS at LAW and Dealers in Real Estate, Bellevue, Nebraska Territory, will attend faithfully and Promptly to buying and selling Real Estate, ity Lots, Claims, and Land Warrants. Office at lbs Benton House. 21-6m " J. II DROWX, ATTORNEY AMD COIXCELOR AT LAW . GENERAL LAND A3EXT, . AND NOTARY PUBLIC, Platismovih, Cass Co. Jf. T. ATTENDS to business in any of the Courts of this Territory. Particular attention paid to obtaining and locating Land Warrants, col lection of debts, ane "taxes paid. Letters of inquiry relative U any parts of the Territory answered, if accompanied with a fee. ' REFERENCES : ' TTon. Lyman Trumbull, U. S. S. from ma.) Hon. James Knox, M. C. " " Hon, O. H. Browning, Quincy, " . Hon. James W. Grimes, Governor of Iowa. Hon. H. P. Bennett,. Del to C. from N. T. . Green, Weare &, Benton, Council Bluffs, I. Nuckolls Jc. Co., Clenwood, Iowa. G. P. Theobald & CoJ COMMISSION fc FORWARDING Ho. 20 fint Street, tr Mtairs, ST. LOUIS, MO. (jy Particular attention paid to filling of ! oraers ana 10 saie or rrnauce. no in-iy. FOMEXELLE BANK OF BCLLEVIE. Iltlleriie, Nebraska. 18 prepared to transact the general Ixisiness f Banking, will receive dosits, Discount short paper, buy Bills of Exchange, on all ,.f II.. r..,.,.lF. ai,J a.ll ni. k In.,.. I'll is V I." i,,, , i , , i , . Chicago and New York make collectioas in I the vicinity' and remit for the same at Curreiit tali. i.f Etiiiaiipe. (jy Interest allownl on special Deposits. JOHN WKAKE, President.' Thos. II. Bknton, V. Pres. Joti J. Town, t'aliier. 1-tf Banking Hours From 9 to 12, A. M., and 1 tO 3, P. M. .,:!.! CMAS. CHRISTOPHER, MACHINISTS COFFER S?.ITH, In all its Brioches. nzT.i.rwr, and omatta. P. A. SA11PY, FORWARDING & COMMISSION MERCHANT, Still continues the above bnslness at ST. MARYS, IOWA, & BELLEVUE, N. T. Merchants and Emigrants will find their goods promptly and carefully attemled to. P. S. I have the only W AREHOUSE for storage at the above mimed landings. St. Murys, Feb. 20lb, 1M7. 21-tM Tootle & Greene, WHOLESALE A. RETAIL DEALERS, Glenwood. Iowa. We beir leave to call the attention of the Good People of Mills, Pottawattamie, Montgomery and Cass coun ties, Iowa j also, Douglas and Cass counties, Nebraska, to our laree and late supply of every kind of MERCHANDISE, usually kept in Western Iowa. Our stock of Groceries is laree and complete, havinc been bought and shipped a little lower than our nclghoors. Our stock of Hardware, Queensware, Wood- enware, Hoots and Shoes, Hats and Caps and Ready-Made Clothing, have all been purchased in the Eastern cities, at the lowest cash prices. Give us a call before you purchase, and If we do not sell you cheap goods, we will make our neighbors do so. fT" Remember the cheapest house intowi TOOTLE & GREENE. Glenwood, Iowa, Oct. 23, 1858. 1-tf . PALMER & AVERILL, BELLEVUE STORE, Corner of Jefferson and 27th atreet, Opposite the FonteneUe Bank, BELLEVUE, NEBRASKA, WOULD RESPECTFULLY call the at tuition of the citizens of Bellevue, Sar py county, and the surrounding country, to their new and selected stock of . DRY GOODS, . - FANCY GOOrS, GROCERIES & HARDWARE, Which they offer at Wholesale and Retail at prices 30 per cent, lower than ever before of fered in this city. We can and will sell Goods as low if not lower than they can be bought in Omaha or Bluff City, Please call and examine for yourselves. PALMER & AVERILL. Bellevue, May 23, 18D7. FIRST ARRIVAL OF THE PER STEAMER ST. MARY'S. THE undersigned takes pleasure in announ cing to the citizens of Bellevit. and Sarpy County in general, that they have received per Steamer St. Mary, a large end splendid stock of Groceries consisting in part of Tea, 1 "- ' Coffee, j ( Sugar, " Molasses, Fish, i.f--' , Salt, T 1 Cheese. -.'' I Crackers, Soap, Oysters, . Liquors, Figs, bpices. Rasins. - f Sardines, . , Candy,1- - : . ; . U.ui.'S, Oils, ralnts, Brushes, Glass, . Stone Ware, Ix. te. THEY would also call particular attention to their superior stock of preserved fruits consisting of goosberries, Rhubarb, Quinces, Peaches, Apples, Currants and mixed fruits. Also their stock of fresh CAN OYSTERS and SARDINES which they can warrant of superior quality. They would also Inform Sportsmen that they havealarcatipp!T of POWDER, SHOT, LEAD and CAPS, and that they will find their store a superior place to provide the ne cessaries of a hunting exeura'nr., all of which they will selchep forCAKH, A Ho a large and oplemlid assortment of French and America? Perfumery, consisting in part of , Tomsdes, : , , Cologne, . 1 Soaps etc. WATTLES & PIKE. Bellevue, April 6th, 1857. 23-tf. Ho! For Fresh Water. THE undernicned respectfully informs the inhabitants of Bellevue and the anrrounding country, that he is prepared to di? and finish, WELLS AND CISTERNS, At the shortest notice, and on the most rea sonable tM-ms. D.A.LOGAN. Hellevne, OcU 23, 15fi.l-tf A CLRKE & BRO FORWARD1KG aao COMMISSION MERCHANTS.: ST EM BO AT AND COLLECTING ,,, , AOEXTS, OELLEVUE, NEBRASKA. Dealers in P;ne Lumber, Doon, Saih, Flour, Heal, Sacon, &e., &c. TiT Direct Goods oar Clarke & Bro. 1-lf -JOHN ANDERSON'S Best Chewing and l Nnvkire; Tohsirco, at -f F VHWArEB. WHITE & SAMEPS. Tootle & Jackson, 1 FORWARDING t COMMISSION MER . CHANTS, Council Bluffs city, Iowa. Having a Large and Commodious Warehoiiss on the Levee at the Council Bluffs landing, are now prepared to receive and ators, all kinds of rueichandise and produce, will receive and pay charges on all kinds of frelgths so that Steam Boats will not be detained as they have been heretofore, in getting some one to receive freight, when the consignees are absent. IUrtscNcKs: Ltvermoore fc Cooley, S. C. Da mi, A- Co. and Humphrey. Putt fc Tory, St. Louis, Mo. i Tootle k. Fairlelch, St. Joseph, Mo. i J. S. Cheneworth k Co., Cincinnati Ohio W. F. Coulbouch, Burlington, Iowa. a 1-tf ROBINSON IIOTJSE. fTIHE undersigned having recently taken X and refitted the ahove well-known and popular Public House, he trusts by the Strict studious attention to the wants of his guests, to merit a liberal share of public favor, confi dence and patronage. His table will be spread with the best the market affords, atid no pains will be spared to make his guests agreeably at horns and comfortable. G. A. ROBINSON. Council Bluffs, Iowa. nov 13-tf. POETRY. The Old Philosopher's Advice to a Young One, Wlio va afraid to speak his mind on, a great question. ST CIIAat.ES MACKAT. Shame upon thee, craven spirit I Is it manly, just, or brave, If a truth has shown within thee, To conceal the light it gave? Captive of tha world's opinion Free to speakhut yet alave ? All conviction should be valiant Tell thy truth it truth It bs Never seek to stem Us current Thoughts, like rivers, find tha act It will fit the widening circle Of Eternal Verity. Speak thy thought If thou believ'it it, Let it jostle whom it may, Even though tha foolish acorn It, , ' Or the obstinate gainsay j ' Every aeed that grows to-morrow, Lies beneath a clod to-day. If our aires, the noble-hearted Pione-rs of things to come, Had, like thee, been weak and timid, Traitors to themselves, and dumb ' Where would be our present knowledge, Where tha hoped Millennium ? Where would be triumphant Science, Searching with her fearless eyes, Through the Infinite creation In the aoul that underlies Soul of Beauty, aoul of Greatness, , Wisdom of the earth and aklea? Where would ba all great Inventiona, Each from by-gona fancies born, Issued first in doubt and darkneas, Launched 'mid apathy or acorn? How could noontime ever light us, But for dawning of the morn? Where would be our free opinion, Where the right to speak at all, If our sires, like thee, mistrustful, Had been deaf to duty's call, And concealed tha thoughts within them Lying down for fear to fall ? Should an honest thought, unspoken, Lead thee unto chains or death What is life, compared with Virtue? Shalt thou not survive thy breath ? Hark I the future ag invites thee I Listen, trembler, what it aaith I It demands thy thought in Juatice, Debt, not tribute of tha free ) Have not ages, long departed, Groaned, and toiled, and bled for thee? If the past have lent thee wiadom, Pay it to Futurity. The Iron Harp. BT A. BOOANNE. Let him who will rehearse the song Of gentle love and bright romance ! Let him who will with tippling tongus, Lead gleaming thoughts to Fancy's dance Bu let mb strike mine Iron Harp, As Northern Harps were struck of old 1 And let its music, clear and sharp, Arouse the free and bold 1 My hands that Iron Harp shall eweep, Till from each stroke new strains recoil j And forth the sounding echoes leap, To join the arousing Song of Toil Till men of mind their thoughts outspeak, And thoughts awake in kindred mind, And stirring words shall nervs tha weak, And fetters ceass to bind I And crashing soon o'er soul and sense, That glorious harp whose iron strings Are Lasos's mighty instruments, Shall shake the thrones of mortal kings, And ring of axe, and anvil note, And rush of Plough through yielding soil, And laboring angines's vocal throat, Shall swell the Sono e-r Tou ! MISCELLANEOUS. Americans at Rome. "Burleigh," tho Boston Journal's Now York correspondent, rolates the following hiciJent: , , , , In tho great hall of iho Propaganda at Home may be seen in one corner two flngs of tho United States. They stand alono. It excites great surprise that our standard should be in this place of Papal power and no others and on inquiry the American will be told that in the lata re bullion, when tho Italians aro?e against the government, the leuder of the land planted his cannon against tho hall of the Propaganda, and resolved to luvol that ancient btructure to tho grouud. The Pupal authorities railed on Mr. Cass and urged to suvo the building by he power of the American flng. They tola him that neither the flag of England, France, nor Austria would be repuciud ', but that the American flag would. After much herniation Air. Cass removed his consu late from the position he then occupied to Propaganda gave pub'ic notice of the removal and raised the flag of our Un ion over its roof. The chief of the insur gents remonstrated swore ho would fire on the flag made his cannon ready, and moved away. The Propaganda was ear edand the flags have thia honor for tho good they did in the time of peril. On this acccunt the Americans have distinguished favors conferred on them through Mr. Cass .among others tho unusual mark of having religions worship in the hoi'so of the Consul. The Kngliah have no such favors. They can only oc cupy a amall chapel outside of the walls of Koine, and John Bull is quite iore and mad on the subject. He does not relish tho idea of worshipping God outside the walls, while the Americans pay their de votions in the palace. The opening of his bouse to Protestant worship, without ' sec tarianism, has made Mr. Cass tiuite pop ular. The service is Catholic i t the best sense." To it all sects rfpajr. ' In the morning the form of worship is on the Presbyterian or Congregational model. In the afternoon it is Kpiscopal. And this ii the only place in Rome where Prot estant worship is held in the English lan guage. And this open to all. While Mr. Cass is our Consul, this free public wor ship will ' remain undisturbed. But it makes trouble. The other nations de mand of Home what is conceded to Amer icans. To grant this demand is to proclaim toleration to all sects iu the capital of the Romish church and under the hand of the Pope. And now one of two things must be done: either the American Chapel must be closed, or all others must be op ened. It cannot be closed while Mr. Cass remains. His eminent services forbid this as well as the approbation of the Pope. It can be done by the removal of Mr.Cass and the appointment of a Roman Catholic in bis placr That is now flemnnaea, ana the friends of civil and religious liberty are bestiriug thenielves to have Mr. Cass retained. Mr. McMasters, the editor f the Freeman's Journal, is spoken of as likely to succeed Mr. Cass. She Wouldn't Marry a Mechanic. A young man commenced visiting a voune woman, and appeared to be well pleased. One evening he called when it' wa quite late, which led the young girl to inquire where it was he had been. " I had to work to-night.M What ! D you work for a living V she nquired in astonishment. "Certainly," replied the young' man, 'I'm a mechanic and she turned up hr pretty nose. That was the last time the young me chanic visited the young woman. lie is now a wealthy man, and he has one of the best women in the country Jar a wife. The lady who disliked the name of me chanic is now the wife of a miserable fool a regular vagrant about grogshops; and she, soft, verdant, silly, miserable girl is obliged to take in ashing in order to support hersf If and children. You dislike the name of mechanic, eh! You, whose brothers are but well dressed loafers ? We pity any girl who has so little brains, who is so verdent, so soft, as to think less of a young man for being a mechanic one of God's noblemen the most dignified and hpnarabla personage of heaven's creatures. Beware younjj la dy how you treat young men who work for a living, for you may one day be a me nial to one of them yourself. Far brtter discharge the well fed pau per with all his rings, jewelry, braxvnness and pomposity, ami taVe to your affection the (allous handed, intelligent and indus trious mechanic. Thousands have bitterly regretted their f illy, who have turned their backs to hoa esty. A few years have taught thera a severe le$on The lied nlvcr of Life. Physically, the human organism is an aggregation of solids and liquids which are continually changing into each other, tho solid melting into the liquid, the liquid congealing into the solid whilst both stand so related to the air, which is the breath of life, that they are continually vaporising into gases, and gasos are con tinually liquefying and soldifying into them. When Hamlet exclaimed " Oh I that this too.too solid flesh would melt, Thaw, and resolva Its e IX Into a dew," he was pi ef erring a request, which was granted before it was preferred, and which is every moment receiving fulfill ment in each of us. Blood is liquefied muscle, sinew, nerve, brain, and bone. Bone, brain, nerve, sinew, and muscle, are soldifiud blood ; and at every moment flesh is becoming blood, and blood flash. The current in our veins is at one a riv er of the water of Life, feeding and sus taining all that grows along its shores, and a river of the water of Lethe, quench ing in oblivion everything that it touchss. Like the Nilo, or the other great rivers of the world, it is at the same lime wearing down hills and building up continents; but with this difference, that whereas tht Nile is only destructive among the moun tains of Abyssinia, and only constructive in the plains of Egypt, the blood at every point in its course is simultaneously add ing and abstracting. Those wondrous crimson barques, or blood-cells, which navigate the arteries, are keen traders, and follow the rue of the African rivers, where sales are effected only by barter; but they add to this rule one peculiar to themselves, which neither civilised nor savage man cares to follow, namely, that they give away new goods in exchange for old. Here the trafiukers on the red river deposit fresh brain particles, to re- Clace those which the immaterial spirit as sacrificed to the expression of ita thought; for Jeremy Taylor taught a f treat physical truth, when he declared ong ago, that " whilst we think ft thought we die." The eloquent preacher saw death near as at every moment, and near er at each than at' the moment before but death is in us at every moment, and it is not merely whilst, but btcaust we think a thought, we dio. Alas! that we cannot be content with such innocent self slaughter,' which the river of life in our veins forgives into resurrection in every case, as fast as it ripples along. It can nut help us, if we overthink ourselves, and die before our time, but during life its mariners.deal in all vital wares. As fast as the b'acksmith wastes his muscles by each blow, they barter, against the spent cordage of his arm, new flesh-par tides to make it strong as before ; they restcre it to its integrity the exhausted auditory nerve of the musician, give the painter a new retina, and the singer a new tongue. Wherever, in a word, the million lamps of life, which keep up its flame at every point of the body, have burned to the socket, they are replaced by freshly trimmed ones ; nor is it here as with the barter of Aladdin's lamp. The new lamp is, in this case, the magic one; the Genie has departed from tho old. Edinburgh Essays. "ffhere They Learn It. " I don't see where my children learn such tilings," is one of the most common phrases iu a mother's vocabulary. A lit tle incident which we happened to witness may, pherhaps, help to solve the enigma. We smiled a little at the time, but have thought a good deal of it since, and we truat not without profit. " Bub," screamed out a bright eyed girl, somewhat under six years of age, to a youngster who was sitting on the curb stone, making hasty-pudding of the mud in the guuer, "Bub.you good for nothing little scamp, you come right into the bouse this minute, or I'll beat you till the skin comes off." " Why, Angelina, Angelina dear, what do you mean I Where do you learn such talk I" exclaimed the mother, in a won dering tone, as she stood on the steps, bowing to a friend. Angelina looked up innocently and an swered : Why, mother, you ace we are "play ing, and he's my little boy, and I'm scold ing him, just as you did me this monicg, that's air John Hancock. It is quite a singular fact that John Hancock w as not originally elected as del egate to the Contiuential Congress at Philadelphia. Tho illness of James Bowdoin's wife compelled Bowdoin to re main at home, and Hancock was elected as his substitute. To this trifling circum stance Hancock is indebted for the proud distinction he has gained of having his name enruiird where aM the world way read it foremost on the roll of Independ ence, i 'I 1 ! i - t i ;i. (I ' I,,