THE FARMER.
IIok Ilr nsca.
During tho last year or inoro a very
destructive epizootic lias prevailed among
111 hotfs throughout considerable portions
of the Ohio Valley. From tho sudden ami
great fatality which attends tho disease,
and it similarity, in torn respects, to the
cholera in the human family, it has been
called the hog cholera or plague.
It is a little rcmarknblo that when such
imense numWrs of valuable animals have
been to suddenly swept olTby this disease,
that so few men of science have taken
upon themselves the duty to investigate its
cause and character, with a view to find
out a remedy or preventive.
The accounts that have reached us of
this disease, havo generally been confined
to tho hogs fed at distilleries, but whether
it had its origin in these establishments or
not, we have no authentio information.
That fatal diseases should originate among
swine, kept as they are at these places,
is not at all to be wondered at ; the won
der is that they are not more frequent.
Hut whether this discaso had its origin in
tho distilleries or not, it has not beo i con
fined to them alone, for it has prevailed on
many of the neighboring farms through
out the infected districts, and large iium
Lers of valuable animals have been lost
iy it.
The only description of tho character
of this disease, that has reached us, is
from the pen of George Sutton, wo pre
sume an M. I)., of Aurora, I ml., which
appeared in a late number of tho Cincin
nati Gazette. lie appears to have inado
quite a thorough investigation by repeated
examinations of the internal organs of tho
diseased animals, and finds that their ap
pearances are various, as the syiiitontsoro
different. From nn examination of forty
seven hogs that died of this disease, he
acarcly found two that presented precisely
the same appearance.
We have not tho space to cive tho full
details of these examinations, but we will
furnish our readers the most important
I acts, witu some suggestions touciung tne
means of prevention mid cure.
So far as information has been receiv
ed by Mr. Sutton, that disease has pre
vailed in Indiana in tho counties of Ohio,
Switzerland, Ripley, and Dearliorn. In
Ohio in tho counties of Montgomery, Hut-,
ler, Hamilton and Clinton. In Kentucky
in the counties of Kenton, Doon aigl Gal
latin. We have heard of somo instances
where it has extended to tho interior
among a considerable number of farmers.
To give an idea of the number of hogs
that have died, the losses at the following
places are stated: At Ingrahani's distillery
from the 1st of August to tho 2-lth of Oc
tober, 1,285 had died. At the distillery
in Petersburg, Ky., since the ISih of Oc
tober, 2,570. Mr. Pate, of Rising Sun,
lost 600; Mr. Slumer, of Covington, 500,
Messrs. Gatf, of Aurora, 4,510. At
New Richmond, since the diseoso made
its appearance, 10,435 have died, and in
the vicinity of Aurora, 6,000 have died,
making an aggregate; so far as accounts
have been received, of 60,000 hogs, val
ued at $300,000 and when fatted would
have been worth $650,000.
From experiments made at Aurora, it
is stated that the disease is more violent
upon hogs that are fed on dry corn than
those fed on slop. The average nuin
ber that died in the pens, that had been
fed on slop, was from 33 to 55 per cent
The avarage number fed upon corn, that
died, is put down at from 60 to 75 per
cent.
It is proved that tho disease is contag
ious.anu that the latest period of contagion is
about thirteen days. It is also ascertained
that the pens in which diseased hogs have
been in will retain the infection, in wurm
weather, for more than four days, and
probably from ton to twenty. Another
very important fact has been ascertained:
that a hog is not subject to tho disease but
once. Not an instance has been noticed
where one has been attacked the second
time.
In one instance, one hundred hogs were
put'nto a pen by themselves and fed on corn
and water for thirty days during which
tiipe they all remained well. They were
then put into pens with diseased hogs, anl
in fourteen days the disease made its ap
pearance among them. Dr. Sutton innoc
ulated eight hogs w ith blood from diseased
parts of hogs that had died of this disease;
in fourteen days they were all unwell,
and one died, and all died within a week
of each other, with the exception of one,
which recovered.
Although this disease proves so infec
tious to hogs, it seems very conclusive that
it cannot be communicated to the human
system. While dissecting the diseased
hogs, Dr. Sutton several times wounded his
hands, which readily heated without any
extraordinary iuflauiation, and the men
who were constantly at work among them
were not affiled by the disease.
As a preventative, it is suggested that,
diseased hogs s'iouIJ at once be separated
from the healthy ones, and when disease
is prevaling - in a neighborhood, farmers
should keep there hogs from runing at
large, as the disease has been. clearly
traced in extending from farm to farm.
To destroy the infection in a pen, it is
recommended that the parts be well washed
with a strong solution of su'phate of iron,
nitrate of lead, or sprinkled with chloride
of lime.
As a remedy, ladanum and linsjed oil
is recommended, when the disease asumes
the form of diarrhea or dysentary. Some
farmers speak highly of a solution of soap,
in which sulpher is mixed.
Mr. Rann, residing in Ripley county,
Indiana, states that he lost a large number
tf bogs with the disease last full. He
drove the remainder of his stock into a
neightK ring creek, and made them swim
About in the water, and fed thcsji in the
water, nml Unit, after receiving tins treat
ment, the sick hogi rapidly recovered, and
he lost no more.
Light upon this subjert, ran only be o
tained by intelligent, careful and thorough
examination; and we hopo that wherever
the disease occurs, persons rpmlihru or
tho task, will thoroughly investigate it and
give us tho result. If the samo pains had
been taken in every neighborhood where
the diseaso has appeared, that Dr. Sutton
has taken, much valuable information
could havo been derived, which would
prove of vast importance to tho public.-
alley I-armor.
Poultry.
Nearly every family can, with very lit-
tlo trouble, have eggs in plenty during tho
whole year; and of all the animals domes
ticated for tho use of man, tho common
dunghill fowl is capuble of yielding the
greatest profit to tho owner.
The Jlen-llouse should to warm in
winter, well ventilated in summer, white
washed and kept clean. Roosts of sassa
fras poles uro less infested with lice.
Hive no ground floor. Supply blacked
lime, fine travel or ashes, or burnt oys
ter shells, &c.
Feeding. They will sing over Indian
corn with inoro animation than any other
lira in '1 ho hen must havo seer isy and
mystery about her nest, watch her and she
will forsake her nest nnd Mop laving.
Ths is not always the case. We hure
kn iwn hens to coruo into tho kitchen, when
periuited, and lay upon the mats, or in
tho wood-box. Ed. Valley Farmer.
They cat less, if allowed to help them
selves to what they want, than if fed in
the usual way, for, in the latter case, each
tries to cet as much as it can, and thus
burdens itself: but finding in the former
case, that they have an abundance they
eat but little, and the generality in the
morning early, and in tho evening before
going to roost.
A fanner may keep an hundred fowls
in his barn, may sutler them to trample
upon and destroy his mows of wheat and
other grain.and still havo fewer eggs than
tho cottager who keeps a singlo dozen,
who provides secret nests, chalk eggs,
pounded brick, plenty of Indian corn, a
few oats, lime water and gravel, for them;
and who lakes care thut Ins nuns are
not disturbed about there nosts. Ihree
chalk ej7''s in a nest are better than a sin
gle nosi egg, and largo eggs please them.
A sniffle dozen of fowls, properly atten
ded, will furnish a family with more than
2000 eggs a year, and 100 full-grown
chickens for full and winter stores. The
expense of feeding tho dozen fowls, will
not amount to 18 bu hels of corn. They
may be kept in cities as well as in the
country, and will do as well shut up the
year round as to run at large, with proper
care.
A Fact. Eggs tho nearest to round
ness, prod ice females, and those pointed
at one end, always produce males.
ror rattening. Moiled Indian corn,
wheat arid barley, ore better than oats,
rye or buckwheat. One-third is gained
by boiling.
DOMESTIC RECEIPTS.
Kii.Lixo Rts. This is at any time a
disagreeable business. If you are suc
cessful, the dead rats decay in their
hiding places, and difTuso a horrid and al
most pestilential stench; and the presence
of active poisons on the premises, is not
without danger to other animals, and to
children. Hut if the due precaution is
used in these respects, or if you are will
ing to run these risks, the spring is a
good time to destroy rats; they are hungry
now, for food is scarce; besides, in killing
them now, you prevent there increase for
tne year. Any one of the following poi
sons may be used:
Take of hog's lard and of carbonate,
baryta enough of each; mix well togather.
smear tne mixture on tne inside ot a pot
or kettle, and place it inverted, so hiuh
from the floor that the rats can gat under,
but so that cats and dogs cannot get at it.
The rats like the lard. The baryta is
without odor, and is a powerful! poison.
Aiiomer poison: i awe or orpnnenl or
king's yellow, one ounce, and of lard, four
ounces. Mix well, and use as above, or
spread it on bread.
Another still : Get some good strychnia:
mix a little of it with Indian meal, or rub
a little on small bits of cheese, and place
it where the rats can find it.
The use of one, or all of these poisons
for a time, will thin out the rats. Ohio
Farmer.
HORN IX LATTLE. lake 0
piece
of alum a large as a walnut, pulverize it
and put it into about a wine glass full of
sharp vinegar turn up the head, and
pour it into one ear. In two or three
days pour the same quantity in the other
ear. A third application is seldon
necessary.
Domestic Yeast. IJoil one pound of
good flour ; a quarter of a pound of brown
sugar, and a little suit, with two gallons of
water for one hour. When milk warm,
bottle it and cork it close. It will te fit
for use in twenty-four hours. One pint
of this yeast will make eighteen pounds of
bread.
Cbeese SroTS may be removed from
books, gljves, cloth, and all other fabrics,
by rubbing with a piece of new fine flannel
soaked in tenoil, which is for sale at any
dru
fgist s.
Furniture Polish.- Mix together a
pint of mastic varnish and a pint of pule,
boiled linseed oil
11 is 10 ue rutiocu on
piece of soft linen or
. a
I the furniture with
1 flannel.
Prnirio Farmer
FOR 1857 VOL. 17.
A WEEKLY FAMILY JOURNAL.
nr.voTrn to
Westcwi Agriculture, Horticulture, Mechan
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edited T
CHARLES 1). IMAGDON.
JOHN A. KENNITOTT, Corres'lnd Editor
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X West The Weekly Plain Dealer will
commence its Sixteenth Volume on the 1st day
of January, 1857. It will continue tho same
Independent, Jocose, Fearless, righting Jour
nal it has ever been. Dealing Plainly but kind
ly with all. It will battle for the Constitu
tion and the Union, as '"the world's best trea
sure and last hope." It will oppose Fusion
ism in every form, and battie Dis-union in
every disguise. Of its vigilance as a Sentinel
upon the watch-tower of Liberty, it is suffi
cient to say, that it has never yet been found
napping at its post.
THE NEW VOLUME AND THE NEW
YEAR1
The New Volume will commence with a
New Year, big with important events. A
new leaf in the history of this Republic will
be entered, upon the Inauguration of a new
President and Vice President. During the
coming year, the policy of the New Adminis
tration will be fully unveiled in regard to the
following important and exciting National
topics : The Final Settlement of the Kansas
Difficulty, on which the whole Slavery ques
tion in the Territories is pending The Final
Settlement of the Central American Question,
as against the claims of England Our Right
of Transit Across the Isthmus, and the recog
nition and maintainance of the Walker Re
public in Nicaragua The Danish Sound Dues
The Acquisition of Cuba The Annexation
of the Sandwich Islands The Admission of
Minnesota as a State Admission of Oregon
Admission of Utah, with or without Poly
gamy Admission of Kansas, with or without
Slavery Probable Admission of Nebraska
and Washington Territories The Inaugural
Message of James Buchanan The Doings of
the New Democratic Congress. These are
some of the leading events which will distin
guish the incoming Administration, and most
of them will transpire during the coming year.
NOW IS THE TIME TO SUBSCRIBE I
Cleveland, from Us central location, and
from its great concentration of Rail Roads,
Telegraphs, and water communication with
the world, is admitted to be the Best News
Point in the West. It can furnish intelligence
from all parts of tbe world, days ahead of the
New York Papers, and the Plain Dealer, be
longing to the New York Associated Press, is
the first to publish the Foreign and Domestic
Markets, News, Disasters upon the Lakes,
and Commercial Intelligence generally. It
will nave Daily Telegraphic Dispatches from
Washington during the Session of Congress.
and has regular Correspondents in all the
principal cities of the Union.
In addition to a full and faithful record of
passing events, we intend to devote a consid
erable portion of our paper to "Polite Litera
ture." Every Paper will contain a Story,
either original or selected, accompanied with
the choicest variety of Miscellany, such as
Poetry, Discoveries, Biographies, Jokes, Od
dities, tc, &c, making altogether one of the
most Valuable Family Journals in the West I
Prompt to improve and to invite,
We'll blend instruction with delight."
ftT Our Agricultural, Commercial, and
Telegraphic Departments, will each be worth
the subscription price of the paper.
The Brighton, New York, Bait imore, Cleve
land and Cincinnati Markets will be reiorted
Weekly. '
TERMS:
Single Subscribers, $2.00
Clubs of Ten (to one Office), l.ftO
Clubs of Twenty (to one Office),... 1.2.)
Clubs of Fifty, " ... 1.00
Pay invariably in advance. To the getter
up of a Club, one copy gratis.
V Post-Masters are especially requested
to act as Agents. They should in every case,
where possible, substitute Western Demo
cratic Papers for Eastern Fusion Papers.
Those desiring the President's Message and
other Public Documents, can subscribe now,
or at any time before the first of December.
Subscribers to the New Volume should
send in their names as early as the middle of
December, so that they may be registered In
tune for the first number. All funds received
at current rates, and if registered, mailed at
our rik. Address
J. W. GRAY, Clevclaud, O.
prospectus yon is.37.
SATURDAY EVENINd POST.
Established A tigust 4th. 1 S21 .
The publishers of this old and firmly-established
paper take pleasure in calling the at
tention or tbe public to their programme for
the coining vear. Surfeited with politics, the
claims of literature will be more than ever
appreciated by the reading world. We have
therefore already made arrangements with
the following brilliant list of writers :
William Howitt (of England), Alice Cary,
T. S. Arthur, Mrs. South worth, Augustine
Dnganne, Mrs. M. A. Denison, the author of
"Zillah," tc.
We design commencing, In tbe first number,
In January next, the following original Novel
TallengeMs, or the Squatter's Home By
William Howitt, author of "Rural Life iii
England," "Homes of the Poets," fce., &c.
This is a Story of Australian Life, Mr.
Howitt having visited Australia expressly
with the object of acquainting himself with
the novel and romantic aspects under which
nature and society present themselves m that
singular r-gion.
The following Novelets will then be given'.-
though probably not In the exact order here
mentioned :
The Story of a Country Girl. By Alice
Cary. An original Novelet, written express
ly for the Post.
The Withered Heart. -An original Novelet,
written expressly for the Post, by T. S. Ar
thur. Lighthouse Island. An original Novelet,
by ths author of "My Confession," "Zillah,
or the Child Medium," &.C.
The Quaker's Protege. Original Novelet,
by Mrs. Mary Denison, author of "Mark, the
Sexton," "Home Pictures," &.c.
Original Novelet. By Augustine Dnganne,
author of "The Lost ot the Wilderness," fcc.,
is also in course of preparation for the Tost.
We have also the promise of a Short and
Condensed Novelet, by Mrs. Southworth, to
run through about six or eight numbers of the
Post.
In addition to the above list of contribu
tions, we design continuing the usual amount
of Forcigh Letters, Original Sketches, Choice
Selections from all sources, Agricultural Arti
cles, General News, Humorous Anecdotes,
View of the Produce and Stock Markets, the
Philadelphia Retail Markets, Bank Note List,
Editorials, &c, tc, our object being to give
a Complete Record, as far as our limits will
admit, of the Great World.
Engravings. In the way of Engravings, we
generally present two weekly one of an in
structive, and the other of a humorous char
acter. The Postage on tbe Post to any part of tbe
United States, paid quarterly or yearly in ad
vance, at the office where it is received, is
only 20 cents a year.
Terms (Cash in advance) 1 copy $2 a year-
4 copies , $3 "
8 " (and one to the getter up
of the Club) 10
13 " (and one to the getter up
of the Club) 15 "
20 " (and one to the getter up
of the Club) 20 "
Address, always post-paid,
DEACON & PETERSON,
No. Go South Thirh street, Philadelphia.
Sample Numbers sent gratis to any one
when requested. .
To Editors Editors who give the above
one insertion, or condense the material por
tions of it (the notices of new contributions
and our terms) for their editorial columns,
shall be entitled to an exchange by sending a
marked copy of the paper containing the ad
vertisement or notice.
AMERICAN AND ORIGINAL.
THE KNICKERBOCKER' MAGAZINE..
Edited by Louis Gavlosd Clark.
rjlHE number for January, 1S51, begins the
J. Forty-Second Volume of the Knickerbock
er Magazine.
Since the price of subscription has been re
duced from five to three dollars a year, the
circulation of the Knickerbocker has been
increased nearly four to one. In many places
ten are taken where there was but one before,
and through the year it has been steadily in
creasinir. It is now ofTered as cheap as any
of the Magazines, all things considered. In
stead of making new and prodigious promises,,
we submit a few extracts from notices of late
numbers, which we might extend to a number
of pages.
"Those familiar with tbe Editor's Monthly
'Gossip with his Readers,' have doubtless,
with ourselves, admired the parennial source
of its wit and joyousness. In this number
'The Gossip holds on its way like some fair
rivulet glancing and dancing in the sunshiue of
a May morning. We used to wonder how
Mr. Clark could hold out, expecting he must
certainly 'let down' in the coming number;
but this number gives no sign of exhaustion."
National Intelligencer, Washington.
"Pleasant, genial, delightful 'Old Knick!"
Thy na me is a suggestion of things delectable ;
the sight of thy modest, fresh cover, a balm
to spiritual sore eyes ; a glance within thee,
best antidote for the blues. Thou hast given
to kindly humor, to piquant delineation, and
to side-splitting fun, a 'local habitation,'
without wliich they might go wandering over
the domain of lettccs, calling now and then
where a friendly door opened to them but re
fusing to bo comforted for the loss of their
old dear home." Courier. Burlington, Vt.
"The great care evinced in the selection of
articles that adorn its pages, is a sufficient
guaranty that no contribution meets the eye of
the reader but those which are known lo be
worthy of his perusal. When storms and
wild tempests are sweeping o'er our hill-side
village in these chill winter hours, and is
drear and desolate without, we ask for no
more agreeable companion than the 'Knick
erbocker'; for while its contents impart
valuable information, its sallies of genuine
wit are a sovereign specific for all fits of the
blues or attacks of the horrors, and time
passes merrily on." Democrat, Doylestown,
Penn.
"The Knickerbocker has been and will be
a fact of its own ; a genuine living thing, all
the more dcsirahle now that the new crop of.
magazines, filled with articles pirated from
English authors, makes fresh home creation
more conspicuous and welcome." New
York Christian Inquirer.
Rev. F. W. Shelton, Author of Letters from
Up the River,' etc., will be a regular con
tributor, i,
The best talent in the country will be en
listed, and no expense or effort spared, tv
make the Knickerbocker more than ever de
serving of the first position amwg our ori
ginal American Magazines.
TERMS. Three dollars a year, strictly in
advance there will be no deviation from this
condition; Two copies for $3 CO; Five co
pies, and upwards, $2 00 each. Booksellers
and Postmasters are requested to act as
Agents. Those who will undertake to pro
cure subscribers will receive favorable terms.
Specimen numbers will be sent gratis on ap
plication, post paid.
INDUCEMENTS FOR CLUBBING. The
Knickerbocker and Harper's, Putnam's,
Graham's or Godey's Lady's Book will be
sent one year for five dollars; the Knicker
bocker and Home Journal for four dollars a
jiMr.
POSTAGE. Two cents per number, pre
paid at the office where the work is deliver
ed, quarterly in advance.
All remittances and all business communi
cations must be addressed, post-paid, to
SAMUEL HUESTOV,
3 IS Broadway, New Yoik.