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About The Omaha morning bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 1922-1927 | View Entire Issue (Feb. 8, 1925)
t-\ Scientific farming is as sound as is the application of science to manufactur ing, business and the arts. The articles below upon hog lot sanitation are I taken from actual applica tions of the so-called scien tific methods of hog rais | in* v_J > t -A Business men who are in terested in farming should be liberal contributors to boys’ and girls’ club work. The training of the young toward scientific methraj^gf^S of agricultural develop^ ment will help to solve Americ a’s agricultural problems better than any other program. ” - - f v_._J Hog Lot Sanitation Will Solve Disease Problems Say Experts Worm Real Menace to Pig Rai serj Peril to Young Swine and Mortality Is High for First Four Months. 1925 Campaign Planned By K. G. MAXWKIX. Tt 1* the belief of representatives of the Agricultural college that the ques tion of round worms in pigs is one of the most Important facing Nebraska swine growers today. There is no doubt that on many farm* in our state it is becoming Increasingly dif ficult to raise a psrfitable proportion of the pig crop to maturity. From birth on to the age of three or four months, the mortality rates are conspicuously high on many farms and this may constitute a marked feature during n series of years. Tlie solution of the problem is entirely a sanitnry one. It is a question of sanitation throughout and by the term "Sanitation" is meant tlie creation and maintenance of an en vironment which is safe to animal life. Not » New Disease. Some may ask why the round worm was not hoard of years ago. There is little question of tlie fact that These, pnrsr.l es h.",vo been with us for n long time. Tlie round worms hatch from e- gs •-v small that they cannot lie seen with the naked eye. These evgs jins* put of the boily of the ling and the lots and hog yards become contaminated, it Is neces sary that the eggs pass out of tlie in testine of tlie pigs in order that they may develop to their Infectious stage. "What are the symptoms which seem to lie most noticeable and which are the symptoms often spoken of by tho hogmen?" is the question often asked. In the first place there is every Indication of the fact that the pig troubles come from filth diseases including intestinal troubles, hull nose and round worm Invasion. In addition there Is somelimeR an infection of the skin causing scabby conditions. Usually when tlie little pigs are from three to five weeks old they begin to scour. They also show signs which would indicate a starved condition although they may have been getting plenty of food. Tlie l’alr gets rough and tlie pies thin. Thp trouble, of course, is that their food does them no good. Then there is the familiar symptom of "thumps." Some Investigations carried on with in tlie last few years have shown that ;n tlie majority of cases, "thumps" are ‘he st-n of the fact that round worms are present in the pigs and brtfig on this condition. A Campaign oil Ascaris. In 1023 the animal husbandry de partment of. the state college insti tuted an intensive campaign In round worm control. This campaign was carried on In 10 counties in 1924. A series of four letters explaining the proposition was sent to evgry farmer in these 30 counties In the eArly spring of 1924. > Blue print plans of individual hog houses were furnished to all lumber dealers In these counties for free dis tribution to farmers who were inter ested. Numerous publicity articles Appeared in the papers dealing with this subject. A number of meetings were held at which the United States Department of Agriculture film ‘exit ascaris" on round worm control, was shown. These meetings were supplemented with meetings right out on the farms and suggestions were given farmers for adjusting their hog raising opera tions In order to avoid round worm infection. 180 Nebraskans Report. Reports were received from 160 farms In Nebraska where this disease prevention system was used In 1924. On about half of these farms the big bouses were cleaned with boiling lye «ater, sows were cleaned and were al lowed to farrow in these dean houses. They were moved with the ]dgs di rectly from the clean pefvt to fields where there had been no hogs previ ously for a number nf years and were kept there until the pigs were at least four months old. following out this system in this wqy an aver age of slightly less than six henlthy plgs were raised per sow. Some runts appeared. This Is nearly one pig above the Nebraska average. The other half of these 160 farm ers cleaned the sows and farrowed them In little houses on clean ground. The pigs were never allowed near the old yards until they were at least four months of age. These farmers raised an average of 6.5 pigs per sow or 1.5 pigs more per sow than the average Nebraska farmer raises. There were practically no runts pro duced where only little houses were used. This campaign is to be conducted In 1925 In a number of additional coun ties. The work is under the direction of the county extension agents am. it'la expected that several hundred >---1 farmers will carry <m tills round worm control system this year. Douglas County Report. A goodly number of Douglas county farmers ^became Interested In tile project and followed the recom mendations for worm control. Among those wist have, successfully tried the system are: Herman Borman, Leroy c; a n s. Phillip Krazeur, Safford Brothels, S. ('. Warren, E. P. Noyes, Edwin Wiekland, Speck Brothers, Charles flrau, 1>. J. Dealer, W. W. Magee, if. T. Stoltenberg, E. H Arff. Charles Rosacker, C. H. Grau, Mnjfcr Leedy, K. W. Voss, Timm Brothers, C. B. Ritchie. i The following • comments are typi cal of those received from 10 farm ers reporting on their results: "My opinion is that using some plan to raise your pigs on clean ground Is the only way you can af ford to raise them at all. By keep ing them in fresh surroundings a great deal of trouble with all kinds of hog ailments is avoided.” "This fall crop of (dgs was far rowed and is being raised on entirely new ground, resulting in absolutely the healthiest and biggest pigs for their age we have ever raised. Also a big feature ahout these pigs is that there has never the sl!ght°st cough been noticed, convincing us the only way to raiso hogs for profit Is to get them started on clean ground.” "The value of hog lot sanitation is the difference between profit and loss if practiced thoroughly.” The average number of pigs per sot/ raised by those reporting on their success #rith the hog lot sani tation projects was six, approximately one pig more per pow than the aver age Nebraska farmer raises. Hog lot sanitation does three things for the hog product; _„ L It allows him to prodtire a nor mal crop of pork with less brood sows, (less expense). *■' 2. It insures him of a crop of pigs that wHl gain economically. •1. It produces a uniform bunch of shotrs. Every farmer knows what that means on the market. Sweet Clover Is Big Aid to Land J’laul Has Been Found Prof itable to iNebraska Farmers. By B. \i HOl'SEIt, C’onnty Kstenslon Ajrent. Not long ago the sweet clover plant tvhioh was growing along the road side was recognized ns a weed. To day there is plenty of evidence to show' That this same plant has power to rejuvenate our partially wornout lands to the extent of adding many bushels in yield to the acre. On many farms scattered over Nebraska the seed of the sweet clover plant has been sown in the wheat and oat fields in the spring. Following the small grain harvest in early summer, ’hi. Plant grows with great rapidity, until within a month it has covered the stubble fields with a mass of dark green follagr. This is what takes place: The sweet clover plant Is taking nitrogen from the soil air and storing It in little nodules on the roots In the soil. Great tap loots of the plant are boring down Into the hard subsoil, puncturing it so that air and water may pass freely, aiding in the decay of vege tation and making available the plant food materials in the soil. If.we will but stop to consider, we can easily gee haw the act of sowing sweet clover in the small grain ^nn bring about added wealth. First, there is the crop of hay or the pas ture at the end of the first year, but best of all, when the new plant comes up the next spring and is turned un der, preceding the planting of corn, the corn crop which follows may be increased all the way from 5 to 15 bushels to the ncre, depending, of course, on conditions. At the end of the operation, the farmer has not lost a crop by carry ing out this system, but has pursued his usual practice of farming. Ktich a system will not only maintain soli fertility, but will eventually bring back ninny so-called wornout fields. Flan now to sow sweet clover in your small grain fields this spring. TO SMOKE FRESH MEAT Smoking: • Hang the meat In the smokehouse for 24 hours before start ing the fire, but be careful that' It does not freeze. Hang so that the pieces of meat do not touch. The meat should be hung four or five feet above the fire. A piecer of sheet iron hung between the meat and the fire, will do much to keep the direct heat from reaching the meat. Corn cobs make an excellent smoke. After the fire is started pile on wet corn cobs and close the door to the smokehouse. Do not make a large fire, for too much heat is not desirable. Smoke for sev eral hours, every other day, for about a week, keeping the bouse well closed up between times. When the meat is thoroughly smoked, wash It In luke warm water, then dry and hang In a safe place for use as needed.—From The Dairy Farmer. Ten thousand one hundred dolliys for one animal. That should make the fellows who have hung on to their pure-bred herds, sit lip and smile. Sure, times are getting better. That bull was worth the pric^ too. Sanitation Work Is Profitable for Hog Producers ..- -- No. t. A herd of worm-free pigs raised under sanitary conditions prescribed by the state extension division. Owned by Herman Itonnan, Chaleo, Neb. No. 2. A group of coming farmers who are getting started right by the state boys’ and girls' club leaders. They have been making a hog lot inspection tour. No. 3. This poor fellow is another one of those unfortunates “who never had a chance.” Head about his troubles in the little autobiography below. • No. 4. Warm, sanitary meals every 15 minutes. That’s enough to make a hog out of anything, let nlone a litter of fine Chester White pigs, which are just naturally destined to be hogs if given a fair chance. This bunch is owned by A. C. Stoltenberg, Florence, Neb. He is an ardent booster for the sanitation work. OUTLAWED, LOST WITHOUT A CHANCE The scrub fig In the picture above would perhaps say; “Never had a chance, that’s my excuse for not hay Ing been in the pork barrel months be fore tills picture was taken.” About a year ago he was a normal, healthy pig-, just born and ready to see what life had In store for him. But he did not remain healthy long, for with, the first meal he swallowed germs of bullnose and necrotic ente ritis and eggs of the mange mite and the intestinal round worm. About a week later he had a swollen bullnose and soon his belly wag sore on the outside with mange and on the inside with enteritis. And before he was much older the round worms grew big enough to hook onto his in testines and sap his body of, the food that he ate. Too Much Company. In order to feed all this company the*, attached Itself to him, he de veloped an enormous appetite, but he didn't grow and finally he became so sick of them all that he almost quit eating. On his first birthday he weighed 40 pounds, about what he should have weighed at the end of the first two months If he had been given a chance to become a hog In stead of a host to so much company. Thousands of pigs never had a chance iu the filth of the hog lots which have been used for years. Tlj*; Nebraska agricultural extension serv ice as encouraged a hog lot rotation system, coupled with a few other precautions, which have made pig raising as successful as when the hog lots were new and the ground was clean. Farmers who had been compelled by losses to quit raising pigs are now raising them again, but on clean ground and from sows that have been cleaned before they far rowed. These farmers and many of their neighbors have adopted the proj ect as an established practice and no longer think of It as an experiment. Iowa Brothers Win Corn Honors Reid's ^ ollow Dent Corn Ad judged Best of 32,000 Ears Entered. Ames, Ta.. Feb. R.—Three grand championships, each bf them a premier honor in the state corn and small grain show, were won by two brothers. If. R. Richards and J. R. Richards of Swan, la., with their entries of Reid s yellow dent corn. The best single ear among 12,000 entered In the show was exhibited by H. R. Richards. Richards proved that he can grow more than one good ear by also cap turing the grand championship In the bushel class. J. R. Richards carried off the grand championship ribbon for the best 10-ear sample. The best single ear entered by an amateur, one who has not previously received an award In the show, be longs to Noel Tucker of Mltchellville. Ermile Hunt of Carlisle exhibited the best amateur 10-ear sample and Will Freeh of Wintered won the amateur bushel competition. The sweepstakes winners In the 10 car class were: Northern section, E. R. Maudsley, Burt; north central, Karl Hoffman, Ida Grove; south cen tral, H. A. Dippold, Altoona; south ern, J. R. Richard. In the single ear class the winners of the sweepstakes were: Northern seetton, Harvey Christiansen, Rlng sted; north central, Karl Hoffman, Ida Grove; sou^h central, Noel Tucker. Mltchellville; southern, H. R. Richards. Sweepstakes ribbons In the bushel class went to: Northern section, Theodore Gronna, Watervllle; north central, Karl Hoffman: south central, I. E. Proudfit, Altoona; southern, H. R. Richards. Nehawka Yoath Has Built Up Herd of Champion Hogs in Seven Years Boys’ and girls’ club work has bad a number of boosters who have stuck to the propect through good years and bad ones. Now comes the story of Harry Knabe of Nehawka, Neb. It was back there tn 1918, when pigs were higher than gold bricks, that County Agricultural Agent L. R. Snipes of Cass county started Harry on his career as a hog breeder. The agent, with Harry's father, encour aged Harry to join the local pig club. Wins Championships. ' By 1-920 Harry had made such strides, In the business that he was m :Wle manager of the hog work upon his lather A farm. In 1919-20-21 H u-ry.won tbe county pig club cham pionship! in 1921 he won the state championship and a free trip to the international livestock show at Chi cago. He founded his herd upon one sow called Pansy, and at r sale held upon his father’s farm it) 1923 every sow offered traced to the original sow. In a recent letter received from Harry he enclosed the following clip ping, which tells how he won at Kan sas City last fall. Brought High Price. “At the time of the American Royal I shipped 66 head to Kansas City and sorted out 16 head after ar riving. A standard carload is 50 head The lot wns very uniform; they aver aged 272 pounds and were eight months of age. They placed first in the heavyweight class and were made grand champions of the show, win ning for me $345 In cash prizes. They gold lor $11.26 per cwt., or above the top of the market. With the premium money I won anti the extra selling price I figure I made about $580 by showing them. They were mighty good property, even at the present high price of feed. Most of the 50 head of barrows were sired by my herd boar. Yankee King, and about all of them traced back to my old foundation sow, Pansy. These barrows were bred practically the same as the Junior champion boar at the Nebraska state fair and the na tional swine show. “I like Hampshires, for the sows are good mothers, farrow large litters and rnise a large percentage of the pigs they farrow. They grow rapidly for me and I always get the top price, or nearly the top price, for them, for X have shipped only one carload which failed to top the Omaha mar ket, and that time I got within 11) cents of the top. I also have found that Hampshires are a healthy hog, and they are one of the greatest rus tling hogs you can find." Zero weather has its effects upon prices. The^>rlncipal markets of the country reports upturns In prices for the month of December. They attri bute the rise partly to Inclement weather, which has caused light runs. ’Christmas 1^ over, suppose we will have to begin getting ready for the Fourth of July next. All jokes aside, this is a fine time of the year to get ready to plant corn. Get the corn in and begin sorting. Next month begin testing. Then when spring comes you will be ready. 1 THESE BOYS ARE STARTED RIGHT Pig club boys of clay county, Ne braska, took a day off last summer for a tour of the county mul a visit to the leading ling farms of their neighbors. They were all hog lot sanitation enthusiasts before they started, but they certainly got "up In the air” in their enthusiasm o> -r the project of the agricultural extension service be fore they had finished the day. Their pig club work had taught them that it was wise to look at things from every angle and that there was always room at the top for all those who were willing to climb. The picture shows them looking over the scores of individual A-typb farrowing houses on t$> farm of Mr. Whisnand, where pigs have been grown for a number of years on new ground, uninfected with the .disease germs and worm eggs of the old hog lots. Rotating the pig crop about the farm has become an established prac tice In Clay county under the direc tion of the county farm bureau and extension service. The system ts based on the principle that pigs and parasites be kept apart rather than grown together. It has proven suc cessful In many counties of the state and Is one of the Important projects of (he Nebraska agricultural extension service. HORSE MARKET UP WITH HIGH TOPS The Omaha horse and mule market has been having some of the best sales of Its history during the months of January and February. Last Monday and Tuesday 456 head of horses and mules were sold. Several farm teams sold as high as $250 up to $350 per span. These prices give the old “raz" to the crepe hangers who have been burying "Old Dobbin” with due ceremony every time they have had a chance. • * Good horses are getting scarce. At the sale last Monday span after span of farm chunks went over the $250 mark. The few heavy ones which came Into the sale were grabbed off at unusual prices. Wide Demand. At the recent sales there have been many buyers from the south, from the east and from Minnesota. Mules sold upon the local market were being shipped out to North Carolina, South Carolina, Louisiana, Arkansas, Georgia and Mississippi. Several loads of horses have gone to Minnesota, Wis consin, Pennsylvania and New York state. During January tVie market sold 1,460 head of 1 orses and mules. That Is more than has been sold at any similar time since the war. The special sale which 1s to he held In February will bring buyers from all over America. Omaha Is Indeed get ting to be a good market. Culling a flock of poultry means more than picking out the laying type; it means getting breed estab lished as well as type characteris tics. RADIANT COAL Smokeless Semi-Anthracite LUMP $13.50 MINE RUN $11.50 SLACK $8.50 Phone WA Inut 0300 UPDIKE J£Elbecro& See Samples of Thii Coal at Hayden’a Grocery Dept. Former Omaha Business Man Is Now Big Hog Producer in South Dakota Russell F. Read. Onee Bowling Alley Proprietor. Led State in Number of Swine Raised in 1924; Prosperity Returning in Rosebud Cpuntry. A business man can make a go of farming if he applies business rules to farming. There are many examples of men who have grown tired of the city and who have turned to farm ing through choice. The other day Russel F. Read of Winner. S. D., breezed into the of fice. Read used to own and operate the Omaha bowling alley at Nine teenth and Harney streets. Mr. Rend lias been popular with bowling fans for more than 10 years. He was among the contestants at Sioux City, his team of business men from Win ner having won third place in the national tourney. He owns and oper ates a large alley at Winner. Dakota's Biggest Hog Raiser. However, the unusual thing about Read isn't his ability to develop good bowlers. A few years ago, about the time that most farmers thought hogs Staking His All Upon a Turn The farmer who expected to ride a cloud to Holly wood is no worse than some other misguided human beings. j By C. H. B. It is Friday morning—February fi. Day of days, an epoch-making day for the poor deluded religious fanatics who expected the final judgment to come upon them early this morning. The farmer back in New York state who sold off his hogs, cattle and other farm animals, pajd his debts, and is now sitting up there o'n that old rocky hill waiting for a cloud to come along and give him a free joy-ride to Holly wood before the final flight to" the land of the great beyond, what do you think of him? Naturally you say, "Why he is a fanhtic; he is per haps mentally unbalanced upon the question of religion." That may have been the reason for his action. How ever, many perfectly sound men, hard headed, steady men have been doing things about ns preposterous as the thing done by the religious fanatic. Those W ho Seek the Materialistic Paradise Often the very men to fall for some smooth-tongued slicker who comes along with a proposition which promises "immediate release from drudgery,” in other words Heaven on earth, the materialistic paradise, are considered conservative men. Every neighborhood has its shining example. Just sit still and think for a moment. Gaze back over the "oil kings’* who have grai ed your neigh borhood, look at the fellows who have jumped astride the topmost crest of some land boom and who rode 'er high and kicked ’em In the neck every jump just as long as the boom lasted but who is now running a medlcinp wagon, or shoveling coal or just "waitin’’ for something to turn up. The religious man deals with eternity, that intangible thing which is mysterious to all human beings. The common lunatic who suddenly turns from a path of constructive liv ing to "high financing" is dealing with material things. They come and go as the sands of the beach. As a general thing w;e nre only mildly in terested in human beings so far as their everyday life is concerned. It is only the unusual thing that inter ests us. Farmers Are Still Good “Prospects” Just now the farmer Is beginning to get back into the field of "Pros pects.” And now is the time for the farmer to do some tall thinking. Perhaps you are one of those who believe that the farmer now adays is far beyond the old lo'ng-whiskered carpetbag carrying kind who used to come to towm and trade his money for gold bricks and other equally use less farm equipment. Don’t be fooled into believing that the modern farm er is proof against "modern gold brlcksters." He is not. In fact the .more modern we find the farmer the easier he. Is to knock over for a row of windfalls. City W orkers Rucking the W heat Pit The other day we were getting n shave down in an Omaha barber shop. Were the barbers talking about were the last thing on earth desir able, Read went out and bought up some of the best sows of the Hamp shire breed. He began to raise hogs upon his ranch, which Is located about six miles from Winner. In 1024 he raised more hogs than any other hog breeder In South Dakota. He has over S00 head of purebred Hamp shires upon the farm. Next year he li? planning upon selecting a carload of harrows, to be mown at the Inter national livestock show at Chicago. Bred 110 Mows. y For the coming season he has over 110 head of purebred sows already safely settled. He plans upon having a sale the 17th of February, at which time he will cut down his herd. These sows are handled under conditions similar to the Nebraska lot sanitation project. Rend has 160 acres under hog fence and the hogs run at liberty the next barbers' convention? Not at all, they were talking about their profits in corn and wheat. Why an old clodhopper fresh from the farm couldn’t make heads or tails from their conversation. One fellows says. /'I got 10,000 bushels of wheat that I’ze going to hold until May, The very idea of letting it go now.” An other fellow who looked like a truck driver, was sitting In the chair across from yours truly. He bursts forth with “oats Is my meat, you guys are all going in too strong for wheat, going to get froze out." About that tim^ we went Into a trance and the chln-seraper yelled, next. AVe found ourselves In the street, just thinking. Since then we have been listening in on these city wheat raisers. Every office has it “grain expert.” They are talking wheat, corn, oats, rye, just as natural like as does the hired man and the farmer’s oldest kid. Too deep for us. Don't see where these city desk-lifters have any business selling and buying farm products. And just think about it. They are buying more wheat than their families need. One clerk bought $500 worth of corn for a family of two. Then when corn began to come up he must have seen his mistake for he says to me. "I sold my corn last night. Cleared $150 on the deal.’t Now Is a Good Time to W atch the Credit Game The farmer who deliberately plunges into debt for tilings that will not improve his farm is just as fool ish as the barber who thinks he can buck the Wail street market and get away with it. While we are talking about credit to the farmers we cannot overlook calling attention to the man who ex tends credit to the farmer. Too often these men urge farmers to take on more than they can carry. Often they don't know enough about the farmer and his problems to be per mitted to extend and encourage credit. We need more of the old-fashioned farmers, who will stay old-fashioned and won’t burst loose all at once and join the mad mob of get-rich quickers who are continually upsetting agri cultural growth. h ' ■ ~= over the entire range. The sows fir row in small houses, riu! this y< ■ lie intends to move the houses fn t the lots In which they were plat, i last year. Business Good. We asked Head to tell us about ti n Rosebud country. He says: ‘‘The country has had Its share of bird luck, ro many banks going brol, hut it really was not the fault of ti, country. Huslness is getting good again The farmers have money m I n^e getting ready for the new on They are feeling better than they h:i\o felt for some time. The Rosebud due for a period of healthy growl u and We fellows up there are expc- 1 ing some real movement of land din ing the coming year." Hog Huslness in West. To one who is familiar wllt^^H^^ problem j of raising hogs for mm the history of the westward movement of hogs is very interesting. Time was when the western rang > were covered with large herds of un tie. Today the predominant trend of breeding hogs has supplanted the m mantle ‘‘cow business.'’ With plenty of room, cheap productive land which will grow any crop needed for swine production, the western range coun try is fast taking the lead in pone production. Out there In the Rosebud eountrv they are not bothered with the com nlieated diseases which have become so common in crowded, high-pftced land districts. Winner, S. D., Is be coming one of the largest shipping points In the corn belt for live pork ers. They are raising some of the best hogs out there upon the open prairies that are to be found any where. Just as civilization moves westward so moves the Rwlne business. It has been said that one cap Judge the actual age of a farming community here in America by studying the his tory of its swine development. ■ HOMECURED PORK SAUSAGE ' Pork sausage: Use three parts of 1 lean meat to one of fat. To earh hun dred pounds of meat use two pounds salt, two ounces sage, one ounce ground nutmeg and four ounces Mark pepper. Cut the meat into spiall pieces and put through the giff Spread the meat out Into a flat layer, after' grinding, sprinkle on the mix ture evenly over the whole mass, and put through the grinder again. Pack tightly In a clean crock and store away. Sanitation for hogs Is as necessary as it is for any other animal. : American Ships ■ to Ehrope : i S k ! : ; , T'HE ships of the United State* ' x Lines give to the frans-Atlan- J , tic traveler the same American J y comforts, food and service that 'j y he expects in his club or metro- ^ y politan hotel. There is a passage J ^ for every purse on the first class J \ ships Leviathan, George Wash- j N ington, President Harding, [] N President Roosevelt and the fj J "one class” vessels America and t k Republic. r k For derailed information as to i tailings, rates, etc., apply to P ! United States Lines (j ^ IIC 'T. 'th Dearborn ist.# Chicago jj Managing Operators for ■■ ■■■■■■■ ■■ I Omaha Horse & Mule Com. Co. ANNOUNCES Big Special Sale of DRAFT HORSES Monday and Tuesday, Feb. 16th and 17th Union Stock Yards, South Omaha, Neb. We want to impress on owners and dealers of good, heavy draft horses, chunks and wagon horses suitable for the eastern trade, that we have been advertising this sale for the past 30 days throughout every eastern and northern state and are now positively assured that we will have more real horse buyers for horses with fat and finish than has been in Omaha or any other western market in the past 10 years ak-any one time. If you have a finished horse to sell this spring, be sure and have hsi here on the above date. Omaha Horse & Mule Com. Co. By M. J. (Bud) Smith, Mgr. ±==========^