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— -*
OaabaVheK?flie^(ls atits Best
MR GARRETT ON FARMING.
Mr. Garet Garrett, who is writing a aeries of ar
ticles on the American farmer in the .Saturday Eve
ning I'ont, i« beginning to reach conclusion*.
Some of these conclusions are boldly stated,
others are plainly indicated in the premise of his
argument and in the ccntrnl thought that runs
through his articles.
“It is proposed that we shall have in this coun
try,” ho says, “a successful agriculture without iU
ancient means that is to say, without either slave
labor or peasantry.”
The steps that have so far been taken to insure
a successful system of American farming have all
failed, according to Mr. Garrett.
Co-operative selling has failed; co-operative buy
ing has failed; reduced freight rates have failed;
farm credit has failed, says Mr. Garrett. And, too,
the plans now being worked out in congress to es
tablish a giant pooling system for the purpose of
absorbing the surplus of agricultural products under
the terms of the McNary-Haugen bill, will fail. He
is a gloomy prophet.
• • •
Seemingly arguing that peasantry is the only
solution, seeing that slave labor is impossible, he
says: “There is almost no thought of a country life
self-sufficing in virtue of satisfactions beyond the
reach of cities, a rural culture self-regarding in its
own environment,” and, “farming is understood to
be n business, not a way of living on# might prefer
to any other.”
He sets out the American idea of farming as
follows:
First, that It shall be at leant as profitable as In
dustry or business for all who nre willing to engage
In It.
“Second, that It shall not be more laborious than
industrial life, for If It Is people will leave It.
‘ Third, and for the same reeson, that It ahall
enjoy aa far as poealhle all the beneflta of city life
and tie rompeneated for those It Is obliged to do
without.
“Fourth, that It shall be efficient, as business Is,
and produce primarily a money crop."
This idea, he says, is unique in the world. He
Marne* the United States Department of Agriculture
snd the agricultural college* for teaching "speciai
D.ation, the thought of money cropping, of ipdustrial
methods applied to the farm,” with “a shabby imita
tion of city culture at the end.”
The one thing that haa not been sold to the
farmer, he says ia “farming—the agricultural life
for its spiritual satisfaction, ns a mean* of living.”
0 0 0
Yes, a gloomy prophea, Most of the American
farmers came to America to escape peasantry. If
there is one thing upon which the American people
are united, upon which the American farmer will in
sist, it is that there shall lie no peasantry in America.
The “spiritual satisfactions” of country life of
which Mr. Garrett dreams are impossible in this
country, except for a few those who farm as a
hobby, and those who are content with a hill-billy
existence.
Modern invention* have made of tha country,
suburb* of the city. Automobiles, the concrete high
way, the radio bring the city too close to the farmer,
and the farmer too close to tlie city, ever to be able
to draw a line between them. And, too, farming by
machinery ties up the farm with the whole indus
trial system. Either farming must be made profit
able or the farms will be deserted. If, a* Mr. Gar
rett states, all the plan* to make farming profitable
have failed, It merely argue* the difficulty of the
.task. The task will not he given up. Other plans
will be tried until, in fact, farming is founded upon
an efficient business basis,
• * •
They* is one direction In which Mr. Garrett it
moving, and it may be that hi* future articles will
canter Upon It as the real solution of the farm prob
lem. This is the surplus, overproduction.
He argues against the opening of new lands, from
which largely comes the surplus. "The only natural
restraint upon overproduction is loss."
And, too, he cites the case of a Minneapolis ma
chinist, who left work at his trade, making $8 a
day, to take up a wheat farm in Montana. In doing
*0 he entered at once into competition with a huge
world aurpiua of wheat, "produced by the leaat re
warded, the leaat developed labor In the world—In
Cgypt, In India, In Argentina, In thirty eight dif
ferent countries, in all of which wage* snd standards
of living are lower than they are here.”
How shall we rut the surplus out of our own
crops? How shall we keep out of our domestic mar
ket* the surplus from those thirty-eight countries
with low wages and low-priced lands?
* • •
These are the big problems of American agricul
ture. Wr can cut our own surplus only by better
organization of the farmers and a deliberate curtail
ment of {production. If government pooling organ
ization* are necessary to that end, then we must
have them.
We «an keep out the surplus sgrirultursl prod
ucts fropi other countries in the ssme way as we
now kee|) out the manufactured good* from other
countries, in the same way we keep out surplus labor.
We can keep It out by keeping it; by legislation,
by tariffs. It may take some time to perfect the
machinery. It has been perfected for industry and
labor, it can and will be perfected for the farmer.
Governor Plnchot Is hsvlng a little trouble at
home now, and may let Washington alone for a few
days. The Vare* have declared war on him, and
thin mean* something in Pennsylvania.
fAftMIM UMtmt
Tb# Fin Rinh I H <M*f • 4*»
tWftiH *•»*•<# lot it* - •;•«< * wbe* H *****
fiMuttt Hi ***** mwi *( lb* I* |ii*4 ♦♦
IN tb* f»n (m *■ *******
Tb* f*•***!♦ *f tb* *«Wlh •** p*rt>«-*l#*ly ♦*»#*
rated M I 1***1 M f*t ♦tttiilH, b*t» fHtiiMt
H ***4 Hi tb* FktMf* *f rot ton tb** for l»| *'he*
**•*1* ftwp It >1 hoped 1* *»> *t* rh#*p#* f#M»i»#*
• hewwgh it* «** *f Meed* Rhoali power by H*«t
tot 4 *
t • ****** **i4 rattle HitfU 1* tb* ***t *«d middle
west lr* interested t*i tb# paseage *f •« tftinl
l*r*l |mniti»t mewawte that *41 bett* «|> tb* pH** **#
*b*t they eel I t* • proper rattn wtth *b»t tb** buy
T» tbli end they •** new etftvtng t* ref* am# tb*
MrNary Haugen bill,
lb* wool glower* are reeking in e«n»p*l tb*
marking *1 rlatb made ef shoddy and nlber **b*t|.
tut** *o that tho«e who fnireha*# woolen garment*
will know they *r# buying the genuine, The truftt
in-fabric bill i* the mean* by which they plan to *e.
cnmpti*h thi*.
The opponent* nf the farm program ar# pitting
rine *ecttnn of the country *g*in*t another, hoping
In thi* way to defeat all farm leglflatinn at thi* »ca
einn nf cnngre»e.
If the farm program i» defeated It will be
berauie of there divided rounael*.
The appeal for united action, laaued by the Farm
Bureau Federation, ia urgent. The preaent *#*.*lon
- taken up aa it ha* been by political medicine mak
ing for partisan purpo»e* ha* only a few week*
more to run. Unless the representatives from the
farm state* get together, bury their differences and
insist upon action, congress will adjourn with noth
ing accomplished.
CONTROL OF MIGRATION.
Secretary Hughe* ha* notified the Italian gov
ernment that the United State* will he represented
at the conference on emigration and Immigration
called at Rome, but that it will not be bound by any
action taken there. Representatives of our govern
ment will be permitted to take part in the proceed
ing*. so far as discussion and examination of prob
lems may go, but will not have authority to enter
into any conventions.
The propriety of this should not be questioned.
Foreign government* have long been advised of the
determination of the United State* to pass upon the
qualification of all aliens permitted to enter. Long
ago Thomas Jefferson declared in favor of fortify
ing the country against "an influx "of undesirable
immigration.” The policy has never been different,
and if a stricter watch is kept now, it is because of
the condition in Europe that has set million* into
such unrest that escape to the United States would
be gladly sought to get away from the turmoil.
Against this the European nations would guard to
the #xtent that as far as possible the industrious, the
fit, the frugal and the thrifty would bo kept at
home to assist In the work of restoration. This
would leave for us sueh as the governments over
there looked upon as the culls.
America still is hospitable to the Immigrant, as
ever, hut with a slightly varied welcome. He must
he up to standard, and then not too many of him.
Our country is not overcrowded, but this is no rea
son for letting down the bar*. Some adjustments
are yet to he made here as well ns abroad, before
the unrestricted change of inhabitants can be re
stored, If ever that time comes. And, when it rome*
to exclusion, do not forget that the Japanese for
bid Chinese to enter Nippon, and right now are at
work rounding up those that have entered and arc
sending them back to China.
The court* are moving in the Forbes case, also,
even if the democrats do insist that nothing is being
done by the government. No rea! criminal will rs
cape the Coolidge course, which is less spectacular
but far more definite than the partisan plan.
Germans doubt their ability to pay under the
Dawes plan, but signify a willingness to try. They'll
have to do better than they have for the last five
year* if they make good.
A grand jury is about to inquire into the oil
leases, and we are wondering how much of the testi
mony elicited by Senator Walsh will he admitted to
the record,
Washington is keeping a close watch on the
negotiations between England and Russia. It might
pay the soviet booster* to follow the same course.
Ring* around the moon may mean nothing to
the weather man, but a lot of old-fashioned folk*
regard them with awe, just the same.
The senate's fishing excursions are hitting a lot
of snags. The Western Union decline* to submit its
filed message* for Inspection.
Wooed, won, wedded, robbed, deserted, all In
24 hour*. She could not have had much more
experience in as many year*.
Japan threatens to take the immigration question
before the League of Nations. That ought to help
some. .
Edgar Howard continue* to excite leughter In
the house, but aside from that he get# along nicely.
Jake Hamon was not the only man who ever felt
“Wggety" after a few drink* of Scotch.
Sheriff's office seems to need an umpire,
------\
Homespun Verse
•—By Omalit'i Own Pont—
Robert Worthington Davie ^
ISAAC REPLIES.
At l«»t hue laaac r»ed my tin**
Whereat f pr»f*ed hta dearie,
And walked among hla melon vlnee,
And watched him plant hla aeeda,
And ha haa writ a Arm reply
With hie familiar "erawl;
In fact, I do not need to try
To hear hla hone«t drawl.
Hava h", "My boy, If I were you
And had a Joh In town
With nothing much that * hard to do,
I d aurely hold It down.
Moat everyone out here are Aaf,
Or elaa ao deep In deht
They have to "toy to hand out that
Which they may later get.
"Ton talk ahdut my melon patch
And applea roay red,
Ton aorl of hanker for a hatch
trf Mother’" homemade bread;
Ton aav you'd like to roam the hllla,
And from the cool "firing dilnk,
But If you tied to foot the hill".
Vou'd change your tune, I thlnl
fti faithful learn a good "dvlca
I "hall for long abide.
And really# It a ver y nb a
That I In town raatde;
And to the othera who complain.
And crave the wide »nd free
1 aay that rrnpjgpaonahtne and raifi
Don't bilng |iioaperlty,
Ipr-' ™ ill—mu.— 1
LrttrrH r rom
Our Rradrrn
HMNmpM M P> • •*•*• IN Ml
liN t«*ii
I IHmm t"*♦<».» M# |
Tm IM HHHH «*f fiHH Him
! Hi M**t i ><ir wi> l#HHi ♦* *i «• M
| Hiril l»»*l fwr H iMMii ttr«l Ml iM
|tl itl| iHH iMf N*-« imM IM
I Un|u»i MHim| Hi l* i ^HlfH #iil
, m®|i |H III# iMi|iHii f>m4l pH MM
| I Hu ihhmIiI rimim ill# ifil#i##| t*l IM
#«*• iawli ih IM |«ti)«|> M IM nwt|
« m#«t#«#«h
front Ih* beyleiil** «h#» M*# t«*td
for imptotfin i • n«t tw MfhWtt
i lit fdttet MMk, the* am mailing the
h#*i# «-f inter pal t<'< a ptanl that
li in m it i t only tin anti of I# i
tu,.i nt, put uf tb* peat g*n*r#thm.,
la ihit altogether fall?
Hnftte we.* iwunl M Ilia ptt v p
of a< •!h i .it* th# *tin and §*•
ptanta Th# ftttttt# dal# nf th# ttta
ittrttv of th# Honda ahould not Wind
union# to th# fact that a sinking fund
ta prostiled. Into which tha pt###*tt ta
i t pi Hina Ita proportional# ahar# an
that nh#n tha hond laati# ta at liat
di a ha rant and tha d»ht t-l#ar#d up.
#»ih dav ttlll hat# paid #otti#thtpy to
th# total, and tha hurd#n mil hat a
h##n ntuiOty distributed ov#r th* tlf#
of th# htortga*#. Thla la not trua in
m*t> of Improvements.
Vtor# than IS,own non haa h##n addnt
to th* vatu# of th# water plant, all
paid for hy Ih# poopl# of today* listen
atop of iimlna la paid for hy th* abut
tiny p!o|i#ity owners, t« become a
port of the general plant. Homo jus
tiro aii|tporta tint prattle#, but th#
now putitpa, settllny tiaalna, filtration
ptanta and th# Ilk#, that wilt Iw here
half a century from now, ntayb# lung
or, should b« i limned lit part to the
profit# who wilt bo tier# then. It la
Mot full In compel tliv liana today tu
pay for th* thliiits their descendant*
will enjoy.
When a (rr*at corporation, or a
small on#,,for that matter, wants to
extend Ita business and require# new
capital. Il borrows the money, either
from ita stockholders or from the
public. In either case, th* object la
the same, to do more hiialneas In ol
der to earn ttrealer profits. Hut th#
public utility service ahould not he
on thla basis. It ahould h# so man
aged that reasonable rates will pro
duce sufficient revenue to meet the
fixed chary** and provide for runnlny
repair*. When It come# to extension#
which really are n capital chary*,
then new capital should h# employed,
and tint earnlnya. And surplus earn
Inya In such a case represent a
chary# to consumers above what they
reasonably should pav.
The surplus reported by th* Metro
politan I'lllltiea district In all fund#
represent an overcharge lo the con
sinners. Particularly la this true In
the case of the Ice plant, which was
In the start built arid operated on
surplus earnlnya of the water plant.
A reduction of ID per cent In rates
all alomt the line would not wipe nut
Ih# anrplua earnlnya, snd would be
greatly appreciated by th# peopl# who
buy water, y:i# and Ice from the city.
And there Is no aound objection to
borrowing, If need be, to extend tlo*
service, such na for fhe erection of the
new yas container, which la to be
used for the next BO years, but Will
tie paid for by the people who bouyht
K is from th# city In 192.1
TAX PATKR.
Wheeler In Two Pneee.
Council Bluff*.—To the Kdltnr of
The Omaha Bee: The Investigation
of Senator Burton K. Wheeler of
-Montana, reported Itl press dispatches
today, indicate that He la very much
on the run.
' The aenator la aliown to have "dla
oiiaaed ' a certain oil permit with In
terior department which waa under
conatderatlon with hla client. Camp
hell, and would arrange for a confer
ence between the aolleltor and Mr.
Campbell.
The aolleltor clearly Invaded tne
province nf a Jury by bla attempt to
ahow thla waa not an "appearance."
A Jury will no doubt be given the
duty of ascertaining that very fact,
along with othera. when th# Indict,
rrient la tried, and Mr. Booth, the
aolleltor, should have confined hlmaelf
to the facta, and hla opinion waa aa
he well knew Incompetent, If he l>e
a lawyer at all.
lie wra evidently seeking to enve
Mr, Wheeler, rat hey than ol ist-1 VI the
proper ru lea of proved it re in matter#
of competent teatlmony.
The Mterary I llyeat of laal wee.k
published a photograph of th* Brook
hart committee, allowing thla aatne
Mr, .Wheeler with a vertnln poae of a
very earneat and able prnaertitor, tug
finger eglended and pointing at an
Imaginary wltneaa, about the cheap
eet hit of advertising imaginable Th#
result of yesterday would Indicate
that hla dav of usefulness ha* ended
In this altitude of a great reformer,
Tha net result* clearly Indicate an
effort to whitewash th* aenator rath
er than glv* th# actual facta. Thnaa
m»n know, or should understand th*
rut** of evident * although It la very
doubtful If Mr. Brnokhart. th* rhalr
man, haa sufficient legal knowledge
for a proceeding In any court beyond
that of a Jusllca of tha peace, and
Mr, Wheeler haa good reaaona to
avoid thoa# rules, evidently now In
hi* own case. I,. II. MONItOR
I p Against It.
Chief l»o you mean to aav that
you haven't been able to get a alogle
clew aa to th# perpetrator of the
crime?
Iietectlve- Naw. Them newspaper
reporters la down on me and they
won't tell, m* anything - -Cleveland
I.eader,
f->
Abe Martin
—
"I don't rare what th’ jury dor*.
I'll wait till I »ff her picture in th'
paper," aaid Mn, Tilford Moot*,
when aaked If aha believed Km
Penh poiaoned her huaband. A big
aharr o' th' energy an* activity in
ihia life haa apite behityd it
(Cot’erieHi, iiiii
"From Slate and X at ion"
— /r«M CNA« %rn
1.- - ----- - -*?
ft* i MUSjt huNw
ft *»*# ui it * • ft tM-ft ftrii|isfti #>#•*♦ ~ft
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■-tftttMNiH ftftlf HWtVttliWtl IMft M|i=*
Pits) iffsttuit ftp# i «h ititrft Mm
ffpftl.tl* nr. I#lt1 | M ft"|#mst !• )ftt
tkta ttit • b**rurtrb fVeift 4* *d
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th# )|n<4tti| |(|itttf)pltilMt tMtft
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knt it# M* ahw qwfefclft MtiMiPtsI
hie ntli tMlHblwftt ift it yiim tmt
tkilft IS ft ewfitlWMUft lit |W«Mi*
but th#i e i« Him* it# twftiit of ft new
ftM t^waiii p*«*«wetdt, a* t bet ft
tm wb#w fttmwetett me »4«4 Mr
Kifttlft
Tbe fMe*t*fteiM tft ftfHlMftdl •# nek fm
tH# rnitSHt • SUppcM ftp Mtft VtfiHhh
e» ftii#v#*weiit* tHe Harding t eg m*
llitM || Mii|Kh enumerated e .|.
nmtiic end tiewil reconstruct loti tM
Ni)|H iMti.tlrttt of debt iM tllfe
tin# th# U **h<ngtnn cenferen* *, tbe
tmri\*litt| of tbft diplotweMo tangle
left lift the failure of tbft Vernal!!#*
trentv, tbe notable advene#* made in
Pan American r*ppm< hement and the
practical co operation a* bleved In
world affair* In harmonv with the
league of Nation*, hut outalde It
pine* March 4. th* Pulled
States ha* liquidated the wer situ*
tlon a! hont# and found a way to help
to liquidate II eleewhere, although
preserving freedom of action In put
suanc* of thla program It ha* Just
tlon# an equal share—In fact, more
then an equal shar#—In securing a
judgment In th# reparation dispute
which carries with It th# moral *ano
tion of world opinion.
President Poolldg* stands squarely
on this record ll is, the party'* snd
Is therefor# hts. Hut he also stands
on his own record, which Ritict Au
gust Inat haa been one of singular
political courage and clear headed
ness.
"President Coolldge Is his own
platform." said Mr. Hughes. This Is
true because he has already convinced
the cmintrv that he possesses presi
dent's! qualifications to sn exception
al degree He Is the true American
presidential type—the one which
makes an Instinctive appeal to Amer
lean conceptions lie has sh»»wn the
backbone snd character which all
Americans admire. These thing# have
hardly to be emphas xed anv longer.
They explain why the republican
partv has rallied so overwhelmingly
Itehlnd the president and presents him
ns Its candidate this year with such
unqualified confidence.
Alwaya on Trial.
Prom tha Philadelphia Public hedger.
Popular government la alwaya on
trial, but that tenting la more marked
today'than at any lima In a genera
tion-! In hla addreaa to the Daughter*
of the American Revolution, Preal
dent t'oolldge allow* hi* awareneaa of
that fact. Facing r•■r!ew,ed attempla
by congreaa. and particularly lty tha
annate, to uaurp tha power* «ml func.
lion* of the executive department*
and the court*, the prealrtent reetaleil
nonte of the bnelc principle* of Amer
ican government.
lie flnda theae threatened by mi
nority rule which aeek* to obliterate
the landmark* of the American eye
tern. If# point* out that the great
atrength nf that avitem and It* moat
valuable contribution to *afe *e|f gov
ernment la In II* e*tabll*hment of the
court* a* Independent hut ennrdlnat
Ing factor*, apart from tha congre**
and the executive, hut working with
them He aava nf thla great anfe
guard:
"Rv Virtue nf It. the people were at
la»! aaeured equally agalnat the tyr
anny nf any deapotlc executive or nf
iihv ‘deepotlc leglalglure. Neither nf
them, nor ♦voth- of them together,
might thereafter lmpn«e a lawlca# will
upon a defenaeleaa people,"
It I* fhl# shield nf every rttlxen'a
liberty and thl* buckler agalnat the
dangerou* mistake* that may be made
by any powerful tWbugh well Inten
tloneil minority •hat the prealdent
n*k* ahall ha preaerved. |l« la being
brought fare to face with the need of
thoae constitutional check* and tail
• wm ft an happens that today ran
gre*a lj* ngnln trying to Invade the
execiitrve'a right*. At the *ame time
the piopor jle are being made to i rl|i
pie the court*. limit their power* and
make them lb# *nbject* and mere
creature* of congre** In other tlrnea
etrong executive* have attempted to
turn congre** Into * rubber *t*mp to
approve the executive will. The hat
He line away* l.drk and forth, but. be
* »* r4 <M A**e p«« '»*■ i a wfi A
h hmni iii# t|>x t#j '
i#| l#Hl |il ##•!*♦#
H m i #|iiift Hl|* ft# ill#
#t#ttfthti »>##*<tw# tftn ♦♦##
