The morning Bee MORNIN G—E V E N I N G—S U N D A Y THE BEE PUBLISHING CO.. Publisher N. B. UPDIKE, President BALLARD DUNN. JOY M. HACKLER. Editor in Chief. Business Manager. MEMBER OF THE ASSOCIATED PRESS The Associated Press, of which The Bee is a member, is exclusively entitled to 4 he use for publication of all news dispatches credited to it or not otherwise credited in this paper, and also the local news published herein. All rights of republication of our special dispatches are also reserved. The Omaha Bee is a member of the Audit Bureau of Circulations, the recognized authority on circulation audits, and The Omaha Bee’s circulation is regularly audited by their organizations. Entered as second-class matter May 28, 1908, at Omaha postoffice under act of March 3, 1879. BEE TELEPHONES Frivate Branch Exchange. Ask for xT l.ntir inAA the Department or Person Wanted. ^ * laliilC 1 vUU OFFICES Main Office—17th and Farnam Co. Bluffs —15 Scott St. New Xork—World Bldg. Chicago—Tribune Bldg. St. Louis—Syn. Trust Bldg. San Fran.—Hollrook Bldg. So. Side. N. W. cr. Z4tn im. Detroit—Ford Bldg. Kansas City—Bryant Bldg. Los Angeles—Higgina Bldg. Atlanta—Atlanta Trust Bldg. _J FREEDOM FOR THE FILIPINOS. President Coolidge’s letter to Manuel Roxas, who heads the Philippine junta at Washington, should be a tonic stimulant to patriotic Filipinos. It is firm in its statements, clear in its reasoning, and holds out to the islanders the surest prospects that in time they will gain the boon they seek. When that will be depends on themselves. There is nothing cryptic about the language used by the president, nor is there anything dubious about its meaning. ■ The extent to which the grievances which you suggest are shared by Filipino people has been a subject of tome disagreement, he says. The Amer ican government has information which justifies it In the confidence that a very large proportion at any rate, and possibly a majority of the substantial citizenry of the Islands, does not support the claim that there are grounds for serious grievance. A considerable section of the Filipino people is further of tlio opinion that at this time any change whicli would weaken the tie between the Filipinos and the American nation would be a misfortune to the Islands." Much of this has been known for years. Just be fore the president sent his letter, Senor Roxas had denounced Governor General Wood for having shut off payment of $500,000 from Filipino public revenue to support the Roxas mission. When the Forbes Wood inquiry was under headway, America was flooded with propaganda, prepared by special writers, who had been imported to Manila and who were paid from the public treasury. Other evidence of this misuse of funds has accumulated in plenty. * * * When the United States took hold of affairs in the “hilippines, it entered upon the greatest philan :hropic experiment ever undertaken in the history of the world. “Imperialism” was the cry raised by the democrats, under the leadership of William Jennings Bryan, who ardently opposed the McKinley policy. Time has justified the effort. A nation is being raised from the depths. Spiritually, morally, in dustrially and commercially, the islanders have gain ed from the leadership of the United States. Under the tutelage of our government they have made greater progress in 25 years than in nearly five centuries. Savage customs have been abandoned' or broken up. Religion has been freed. Life and property has been made secure. Education for the masses has been provided. All the blessings of orderly life under civilized methods have been advanced. • The work is not yet done, but it is going on. It will be brought to a successful conclusion in good season. Unfortunately for the Filipinos, a mistaken policy was put into effect by Governor General Harrison, under the terms of the Jones act, by which much of the work done by the United States was undone In the course of a few years. It is this the government is now trying to correct. * • * The Wood-Forbes report on conditions in the islands recommended ‘‘that the present general status of the Philippine islands continue until the general conclusions contained in the report, and on which the recommendation rests are; "We find the people happy, peaceful and In the main prosperous and keenly appreciative of the benefits of American rule. "We find everywhere among the Christian Filipinos the desire for Independence, generally under the protection of the United States. The non* Christian and Americans are for continuance of American control. "We find a general failure to appreciate that In dependence under the protection of another nation Is not true Independence. "We find that the government Is not reasonably free from those underlying causes which result In the destruction of government. "We find that a reasonable proportion of officials and employea are men of good character, and ability, and reasonably faithful to the trust Imposed upon them; hut that the efficiency of the public Bervice has fallen off and that they are now relative ly Inefficient due to lack of Inspcctlone and too rapid transfer of control to officials who have not had the necessary time for proper training. "We find that many Filipinos have shown mark ed capacity for government service and that the ' young generation is full of promise; that the civil service laws have In the main been honestly ad • ministered, but there Is a marked deterioration due to the Injection of politics. “We find that there Is a disquieting lack of con fldence in the administration of justice, to an extent which constitutes a menace to the stability of the government. “We find that the people are not organized economically nor from the standpoint of nntlonal defense to maintain an Independent government. "We find that the legislative chambers are con ducted with dignity and decorum and are composed of representative men. ■'We feel that lark of success In certain de partments should not he considered ns proof of essential incapacity on the part of Filipinos, hut rather ns Indicating lack of experience and oppor tunity and especially lack of inspection. “Wo find that questions in regard to confirma tion of appointments might at any time arise which would make a deadlock between the governor gen eral and the Philippine senate.” The fairness of these statements has never been challenged, even by the Filipinos. Nothing has hap pened since the report was made in 1921 to materi ally change it. Governor Wood has earnestly tried to do tho things that have been needed, but the Philippine senate has opposed him at every turn, and has thwarted much of his effort. Now that thn president has definitely answered the Roxas mission one of two courses may be pur sued. The agitation for immediate independence may give way to a diligent effort to so improve the conditions of life in the islands that independence will be early deserved. The other is to go ahead with the propaganda program that has been pursued for a dozen yesrs. Americans ht^ all willing to grant the fullest of freedom to the Filipinos. When the flag does come down over there, it will be for all time. It is doubt ful if a protectorate or anything of the sort will be set up, under which the islanders will be permitted to rely on the United States in time of trouble. Yet public sentiment in this land generally favors going ahead with the experiment commenced under Mc Kinley, thus bringing the F'ilipinos to a higher plane of education in government before setting them on their own feet. Help in this work must come from those who are to be benefited by it. Politicians at Manila and elsewhere are not helping by the course they are pursuing. That is something, however, they will have to decide for themselves. Of one thing they are assured. Uncle Sam does not consider the islands a permanent possession. GENTLEMEN, LET US HAVE BRICK. Good advice to the Douglas county board of com missioners is contained in that adjuration of the good roads committee, “Stop playing horse with the Lincoln Highway paving.” Years ago, when the big paving project was first taken up for serious consideration, public sentiment in favor of brick for surface material was shown unmistakably. At one time the board was urged to write the fact into the paving bonds. This was impracticable. There was, however, a distinct under standing that brick should be favored. Much brick has been used in surfacing the Lin coln Highway out of Omaha. On January 1, 1924, the accounts show $541,393.09 expended on this form of paving on this road. This is in accordance with contract, and in conformity to public opinion. Why should it now be necessary to scheme out some method to get material other than brick, in order that the uncompleted stretch of pavement on the Lincoln Highway be finished with something other than was intended and contracted for? The county commissioners well know the senti ment of the public. It has been plainly expressed at every opportunity. The matter has been taken into court, and the result was the same. Brick was promised. Brick was contracted for. Brick was put down. Why the effort to switch? If experiments with other paving materials must he made, it would be wise to let others make them. Should it become necessary to experiment on Douglas county taxpayers, then let it be on a small scale, and not on the main traveled highways. Douglas county taxpayers are paying for the best, and are expecting to get what they want. The county board should quit “playing horse.” VOLSTEAD INJUNCTIONS. Judge Woodrough has added to his interpreta tive rulings on the Volstead act another decision of utmost importance. He holds that the section of the bill providing for injunctions on private homes Is invalid. Congress, the court says, can not invade the constitution to the extent Of denying the right of trial by jury to anyone accused of a crime. If such a provision may be made in connection with one law, then it may be extended to all, and that will put trial by jury in the keeping and at the pleasure of congress. Not so very long ago the judge ruled that search warrants must be specific and not general. The pur pose being to prevent invasion of homes merely on suspicion or caprice. Another of his rulings is that such warrants must be served by officers of the court, and not by the specially ordained enforcement offi cers or their appointees. These limitations of the process of visitation and search are at least approved by sound law. Judge Woodrough is criticized by those who ardently support prohibition for “taking the teeth” out of the Volstead act. What he has done is to uphold the greater law, that which protects the citizen in his home. One of the wcaknesifc-s of all law is the disposition of some^not to obey. These, of course, should be sought out and brought to ac count. In the doing of that, however, the law should not become a tyrant, defeating its very ends by oppressing its victims-. In the case of the Volstead act, it was observed at the start that its enforcement would be accom panied by many difficulties. It did not take a prophet to see that. Efforts to make the law effec tive have in a number of instances resulted in the adoption of unenforceable amendments. One of these was that which permitted the closing of homes by injunction, which process would transfer the jurisdiction from law to equity, and thus automa tically dispense with trial by jury. Judge Wood rough says this can not be done. The effect of this, as of the other decisions, should be to make enforcement officers more vigilant. They will necessarily be compelled to establish facts rather than suspicions. Until the law is met with a better spirit than has so far marked its progress, its enforcement will be accompanied by much uncertainty. Bootleggers will ply their trade as long as they have customers. Prohibition will never be entirely effective until all the citizens are ready to accept it. Pending that time, the law will gain strength the nearer it is brought into harmony with the great body of law that is the basis of our free institutions. To date no statistician has undertaken to figure out the dimensions of a gas container big enough to contain the congressional output during the last three months. The author of the poem, “The Face on the Bnr Room Floor,” is still alive at the age of 81. Poetic justice, it seems, is as scarce as any other kind. A Minneapolis plumber went out to locnte a leak in a gas pipe and found it with a match. He has not reported back to the office. Homespun Verse —Hr Omaha'i Own Poet— Robert Worthington Davie WHERE HAS SUPPER CONE. Where's supper pone? T wait for naught To hear the lovely word That, ever to my senses brought The sweetest music hoard; 1 hear the cheerful breakfast rail— It Is unchanged amt true; At luncheon time I’m with them all To give my thanks and chew. But dinner!—how It worries me. K'en though It comes at last, And I sit down despairingly To sharo a fine repast; Delicious food Is there upon The tabln as of yore— But thn old sacredness la gone That supper gave before, I can not feel the true content Thnt I was wont to share W hen to my supper glad I went, And slid Into iny chair; Ami when at ev'nlng I partake Of meat and spuds and flawn, j ask myself, fnegmercy’s sake, Where has auj^per gone? “The People’s Voice’’ K<]itorials from readers of The Morning Her. Readers of 'Hie Morning Hee are invited to use this column freely for expretaion on matters of public interest. Suspects a Wet Campaign. Albion, Neb.—To t lie Kdltor of The Omaha Bee: Jt will be remembered how in the world war vessels fading the seas were often screened by huge clouds of oil smoke that they might move along in comparative safety. After following the proceedings of the Teapot Dome investigation very carefully in the papers, we are won dering if it is not merely a big black oil smudge to hide some ship trying to sneak Into the political harbor and vve are wondering if tlint ship beans the skull and crossed hones at her masthead and has the name "Booze" in letters of gold on her stern. Our democratic friends have been teMing us that prohibition Is not an Issue in the present campaign, where as it is the very heart interest. Jt means more today than ever before, for now it is a battle with white bul lets to see which is supreme, the con stitution of the T'nited States and the people who believe in a law of the people, for the people and by the peo ple, or the lawless element, those who only care for the gratification of their depraved appetites for booze or gold, to gain which they even en courage, if not help, those who have promised that "the red flag of the cause shall be planted on the capitol at Washington." Let us then, while we watch for re sults In the oil case keep our eyes open for the shadow of the rum ship through the smoke. “While th-» good man slept satan sowed the tares.” Moral: Let the good man and the good keep awake, "and what I say unto you I say unto all, ‘Watch.’ ” KLLK.N S. WATSON'. Not All Roses in Canada. Trossachs, Saskatchewan, Canada. —To the Editor of The Omaha Bee: Noting by the Canadian papers that, owing to unfavorable economic condi tions in the United States, that a large immigration is expected from the western central states to Canada this spring, 1 am led to submit a few facts to those who may he led to see only one side of economic condi tions as they exist here In Canada. Having lived here since 1905, the writer has learned of some of the dark as well as the bright phases o£ Canadian conditions and will make no statements that cannot be proved by reasonable investigation. That the soli is fertile and capable of producing good crops cannot he held in question, but drouth, hail, rust, grasshoppers, frost, sawfly and price failure are often able to prove the best of efforts to produce, a fail ure. But the present obstacles most difficult for the farmers to aurmount are the high direct and Indirect taxa tion imposed and remoteness from consuming markets, making it pos sible for protected Industries and transportation companlea to so re duce prices received for commodities of primary production, that it is ex tremely difficult to keep clear of loss even though the crop is good, and less than a good crop means a cer tain loss which will put the producer behind for several years. Without doubt one of the most se rious setbacks received by the Ca nadian farmer was the final rejection of the reciprocity offer of the United States and the passage by the United States of the Fordney tariff bill which compelled Canadian producers, especially of meat productions—to pay duty to the United States or else high transportation to far distant consuming markets which left noth ing but bankruptcy for primary pro ducers. The same condition exists to a great extent with ell primary pro ductions, while, at the same time, practically all necessities required in production have their price fixed in the United States market. With high Canadian duty, sale tax. entrance fees, high transportation and profits added, the Canadian farmers find themselves forced to take bankrupt prices for their production and pay terribly high prices for the necessities used In such production, hence are going to the wall by thousands and their farms are going into the hands of capitalists and railroads who are seeking new settlers from other plsres to fill the ranks of those falling out. Of course they are offering long term contracts to prospective pur chasers and easv terms, but anyone can see that under present condi tions the expenses of producing, taxes and transportation, will absorb so much of the proceeds of the crop that it will be Impossible one year with another to meet payments on the land, hence, the need of a long term contract. Meantime transporta tion companies will benefit by the husiness produced and land com panies now finding themselves over burdened with nonprodueing land, will be drawing or compounding In terest and escaping heavy taxation. E. B. SHIPMAN. Importance of Dr. Hedger. Omaha—To the Editor of The Omaha Bee: Dr. Caroline Hedger's visit to Omaha will he profoundly beneficial to all the people of Omaha and not only to the mothers and chil dren. The Omaha School Forum is to be eongraulateil upon the civic spirit that they have manifested in bring ing her to the eftv. Her tnlks are full of wisdom and common sense and are Just exactly what we need. Aide, courageous and independent in thought and expres Abe Martin A »r JA22 %$«Y 'imizcp Vis*1*** Some women nro so prone t’ boast that thry toll that they wut at homo all day yistordny. *‘(lo bark homo nn' live t'gether, failure t' provide kin happen t' any hus hand these times," said Squire Marsh Swallow, in closin' th' Hud divorce rase. | (Copyrl*hi, i» 4 > IJy EDWIN G. PINKHAM. How New York Was Forced Into Union Were the pictures which have been drawn by polit ical jealousy faithful likenesses of the human character, the inference would be that there is not sufficient virtue among men for self-governmet; and that nothing less than the chains of despotism can restrain them from de stroying and devouring each oilier.—James Madison, the Federalist, No. LV. AAA. S THE contest went on the remark of Washington that "the opposition to the con etitution Is addressed more to the passions than to the reason” was well Illustrated. In the Massachusetts convention when It met the language of the anti-federal iats was the language of frenzy. They attacked the makers and the support ers of the constitution more than the document Itself. In fact, few outside of the opposition leaders seemed to know what was In the Instrument, and this was true generally In the country. The lawyers, one member charged, were to be the beneficiaries of the new government. ‘ The men of learning, the moneyed men, the fine talkers.” he said, “make us poor, illiterate people swallow down the pill. They mean to get all the money Into their own hands, and then they will swallow up us little folk like the great Leviathan. Mr. Presi dent: yes, just as the whale swallowed up Jonah.'• Another member, waving away the great names paraded by the federal ists, declared in this matter he "would not trust a flock of Moseses.” A standing army, racks and gibbets would be the mildest of the ''instru nients of discipline” the federal gov ernment would employ, it was pre dieted. 'Had I a voice like Jove.” thundered another delegate, ‘ I would proclaim it throughout the world; and had 1 an arm like Jove, J would hurl from the globe those villains that would dare to establish In our country a standing army.” The result was long In doubt, and the slender victory the federalists won when they carried the constitution by a majority of 20 was only gained by their consent to accept some amend ments to be proposed to congress Even this compromise was denounced as the work of "Judases.” Whoever walks down Federal street In Boston today can reflect that it acquired its present name from the circumstance that this convention was held In a building that stood on that thoroughfare, then called Long Lane. Massachusetts ratified In February, 1788, and Maryland. South Carolina, New Hampshire and Virginia follow ed In the spring and summer of that year: and although the "new roof" was now a certainty, all eyes turned on New York, where torylsm and anti federalism were known to be in a majority. I^ed by Governor Clinton, the com bined enemies of th* constitution gained clear control of the conven tion. hut they were in no hurry to art. They didn't want to come into ths union, but they were not at all sure that they dared to stay out. The battle for ratification was led by Hamilton. His arguments were unanswerable, but Clinton had what. In polltlca, la mors effective than the most convincing arguments. Clinton had the votes. He had, moreover, a kind of argument that struck nearer home to the *o]f Interest of the state. New York had the chief port of entry for the states and their carrying trade was largely In its hands. If New New York stayed out and could In duce Virginia and North Carolina, the great planter states, to stay out. too. they could Join together and, taking In territory to the west, form a league of their own that would he a for midable rival to the United Slates. Su.-h was Clinton's plan. Governor Randolph of Virginia had refused to sign the constitution at Philadelphia, and Clinton believed he would be against Its ratification at Richmond. The .Ww York governor broached his plan to the Virginia governor, and meantime the New York convention niarked time. But communication was slow; Randolph, as It proved, was not an Irreconcilable; he came round to the Virginia convention, and while Clinton was Indulging hla dream Vir ginia ratified. New York was now out on a llmh. To stay out of the union alone, or with only North Carolina and Rhode Island to keep her company, meant commercial ruin. The United States would erect customs barriers against It (as It actually did later In the slon. she holds the close attention of her audiences. May God speed the day when more common sense physicians wllf appear sufficiently filled with the spirit of patriotic service to give of their time nnd their knowledge In building up the hoys and girls to whom we must took In the future to guide the destin ies of the great American republic. DR EDGAR ROBERTS. Howard Wants Women to Hun. Omaha—To th* Editor of The Oma ha Rce: I wonder why the women are so reticent about filing for the leglsln Dire. I would circulate petitions for them like I did for the women candl dates for the school hoard. But there is no necessity for this, because they can go to the election commissioner's cifti- c nnd file like any other eltl7en. There are a number c f desirable wo men who can ho elected* and who would ho an Improvement on the men who are misrepresenting the pen |>le I have championed their cause when It was licet popular nnd I am snr prised now that thev have the fran chise that thee do not make use of their privileges. __ _ _ JERRY HOWARD. NET AVERAGE PAID CIRCULATION (or February, 1024, of THE OMAHA BEE Daily .75,135 Sunday .80,282 Dona not Includa rnturna, laft ®vara, aamplaa or papara apoiltd in printing and Includa* nn apodal aalta or fraa circulation of any kind V. A BRIDGE, Clr. M«r. Subacribad and awnrn to hafoia ma thin 4th day of March. 1924 W. H QUIVEY. (Sonl) Notary l*ublla case of Rhode Island); and so, after a month of bargaining in the conven tion. the Clinton forces finally agreed to ratify in exchange for a long string of amendments. Hut party spirit did not regard the contest as closed. The struggle for the constitution now became the struggle for control of the electoral college, the elections for which had been fixed for the first Wednesday in January, 1789. It was bitterest in New York, where the law gave that office to the legislature. There the Clinton anti-federalist forces held the assembly and the federalists thp sen ate. The result was a deadlock, the day passed without a choice, the leg islature adjourned and New York paid for its politics by being deprived of a voice in the election of the first president of the United States. The electors were not, as in our day, pledged to any candidate for president or vice president. Their choice was free, except that In vot ing for two persons for these offices it was required (as it still is> that one of them at lpast should not lie an in habitant of the same state with them selves. Until the 12th amendment to the constitution was adopted in 18o4 the electors did not vote for president and viee president separately, hut simply for two persons, and of tie se two the one receiving the greatest number of votes became president and the other vice president. There was. therefore, in this first choice of electors no electioneering for candi dates, the contest turning, as in that over the constitution, on the issue of federalism and anti federalism. Hut if the electors were unpledged, every body knew on whom their choice for president would fall. ThP only un certainty was over the choice for vice president, and here, indeed, there was some political intriguing not unwor thy of tlie art as we know it today. The anti federalists wanted Clinton for that place, and during the month that elapsed between the choice of electors and their meeting there were many ingenious attempts to keep votes from going to Adams. The op position to Adams pretended to fear his vote would approach too close to Washington's, and their concern was great. The way to avoid that un happy result, they urged, was to vote for Clinton. The electors met the first Wednes day in February and cast a unanimous vote for George Washington for presi dent. There were 69 votes and Wash ington received 69. Adams was given 34 votes and became vice president, n'opyrighf. Kansas City Star) SUNNY SIDE UP ' *%Ae Comfort,nor forget jhatSnrinMrfaJkdMgt I.ONKSOMK. If* dreary now at the evening time, At til'1 end of a weary day. When I sit in the gloom of a lone some room With my kiddies so far away. T.he bare walls seem like a prison drear As I long for the laughing noise. And the voices sweet from the yard and street Of my far-off girls and boys. The davlight fades into twilight deep As the slow hours drift along. How I miss the smiles o'er the far flung miles. And the lilt Of their childish song. It s weary watching the daylight fade And know when the day 1* done No kisffCK wait at the cottage gate In the glow of the setting sun* Dream faces come In the twilight gloom. "With echoes of childish glee. And my sad heart yearns as memory turns . .. . For home where the love ties be. The dark comes on and the shadows Alt ... O'er the gloom of the graying walls. And I long to hear, ringing sweet and clear, The lilt of my children s calls. A sign over a door on "South Fifteenth reads: “Closeing Out Sale. It must have been effective. At any rate the room Is empty. The Council Bluffs critic who ob jects m the way this department is made up is advised to begin at the other end and read up, quitting when he gets pood and ready. But at that we admit that his objection is well taken. “Thieves Get Some Cash I" rom Steihl Bros. Itegister,'' headlines the Hay Springs Sentinel. It will be ad mitted that the thieves thought there was something in a name. Now pomes Kansas with the claim of being the champion mule raising state As a native Missourian we arise to make indignant protest. Not now, nor ever, will we admit that any state can excel old Mizzoo in mule raising. But we will cheerfully admit, after a long and somewhat intensive study of fads and isms and political gyrations that Kansas can and does produce more donkeys per square mile than any other state. Or than any two states, for that matter. One wonderful result of t>eing per mitted to broadcast over WOAW is again seeing and hearing the names that has long since slipped from memory, only to be instantly recalled, together with happy recollections of former pleasant and profitable asso ciations. letters and telephone calls by the score have given us an im mense amount of satisf' ction, and we hope that our knowledge of how prone one s lriends are to exaggerate will enable us to retain our accustom ed poise and not become victims of an inflated ego. Helieve it or not, just is vnu please, but we have actually blushed two or three times during the last two or three days. A New Tot-k authority on male in vestlture informs a waiting world that spats are on the wane. At times we have ventured to appear in the more or less derided "swallowtail, and in bygone days we »ctuaUy But we never, no inever *°r* '•“.ft run on our beloved bicycle. Wejd 'l possess as a portion of the famfiy museum a tall silk hat that was wont to surmount our dome of thought when we ventured forth In a double breasted Prince Albert, which same w s long once relegated to oblivion. U divers and sundry times we have worn the headpiece known as the "eadv, ’ and our memory, runs l dnTtvr TfStHii "T~. When in Omaha Hotel Conant In the olden times of pyramid building hundreds of strong, stalwart men were used to place a single mam moth stone into place. As the burning sun beat down upon their bare backs, these men, with the crude tools of their time, labored for years to build these monuments which still stand. It was Man Power that ruled then. Now it is Electrio Power. A turn of a switch now will hoist many tons. Great elec trically-driven derricks swing skyward with their im mense loads with as much ease as a child lifts a pencil. Electricity is a great factor in the development of any community. It is the ally of industrial progress; it is the bulkwark of development. ( Mnaha industries make general use of electricity because of the extremely low power rates here. "Electricity Is Cheapest in Omaha.” That’s Why— "Omaha Is a Great Place in Which to Lii't ” Nebraska H Power C