Ways to Relieve
Farmer Taken
1 Up by Coolidge
Government Price Fixing Un
wise—Lower Taxes and
Freight Rates Urged—
Expert Aid Planned.
-*
(Continued from Page Three)
law of the congress. It represents
' your will. It must be maintained,
and ought to be strengthened by the
« xample of your observance. With
out a budget system there can be no
f xod responsibility and no construc
tive scientific economy.
This great concentration of effort
by (he administration and congress
has brought tile expenditures, exclu
sive of the self supporting Postnffice
department, down to tS.OOO^UOO.OOO. It
is possible, in consequence, to make
a large reduction 111 the taxes of
..the people, which is the sole object of
nil curtailment. Tills Is treated at
greater length In the budget message,
and a proposed plan has beer! pre
sented in detail in a statement by
the secretary of the treasury which
has my unqualified approval. I espe
cially commend a decrease on earned
incomes, and further abolition of ad
mission, message, and nuisance, taxes.
The amusement and educational val
ue of moving pictures ought not to
be taxed. Diminishing charges
against moderate Incomes from In
vestment will afford immense relief,
while a revision of the surtaxes will
not only provide additional money
for capital investment, thus stimulat
ing Industry and employing more la
bor, but will not greatly reduce the
revenue from that source, and may
in the future actually increase It.
Being opposed to war taxes In time
1of peace, I am not in favor of excess
profits taxes. A very great service
could lie rendered through immediate
enactment of legislation relieving the
people of some of the burden of tax
ation. To reduce war taxes is to give
every home a better chance.
For seven years the people have
borne with uncomplaining courage the
tremendous burden of national and
local taxation. These must both tic
reduced. The taxes of the nation
must be rediuced now as much as pru
dence will permit, and expenditures
must be reduced accordingly. High
taxes reach everywhere and burden
everybody. They bear most heavily
upon the poor. They diminish indus
try and commerce. They make agri
culture unprofitable. They Increase
the rates on transportation. They
are a charge on every necessary of
life. Of all services which the con
gress can render to the country. I
have 10 hesitancy in declaring this
one .o be paramount. To neglect It,
to postpone It, to obstruct it by un
sound proposals, is to become unwor
thy of publio confidence and untrue
to public trust. The country wants
this measure to have the right of way
over all others.
Another reform which Is urgent in
our fiscal system is the abolition of
lie right to issue tax-exempt aecuri
ies. The existing system not only
lermits a large amount of the wealth
•t the nation to escape Its Just bur
icn but arts as a continual stimulant
to municipal extravagance. This
should be prohibited by constitutional
imendment. All the .wealth of the
•P*® nation ought to contribute its fair
hare to the expenses of the nation.
TARIFF LAW.
The present tariff law' has accom
ilished its two main objects. It has
<pr'ured an abundant revenue and
been productive of an abounding
prosperity. Under it the country has
had a very large export and Import
trade. A constant revision of the tar
iff hy the congress is disturbing and
harmful. The present law contains an
•laetic provision authorizing the pres
dent to increase or decrease present
schedules not in excess of 50 per cen
tum to meet the difference in cost of
production at home and abroad. This
loes not, to my mind, warrant a re
writing of the whole law. but does
mean, and will be so administered,
that whenever the required investiga
don shows that inequalities of suffi
cient importance exist in any sched
ule, the power to change them should
md will be applied.
SHIPPING.
The entire well being of our coun
try is dependent upon tho transpor
tation by sea and land. Our govern
ment during the war acquired a
arge merchant fleet which should
»e transferred, ss soon as possible, t<^
private ownership and operation un
ler conditions which would secure
two results: First, and of prime im
portance, adequate means for nation
al defense: second, adequate service
to American commerce Until ship
ping conditions are such that our
fleet can be disposed of advantageous
ly under these conditions, it will bo
operated as economically as possible
under such plans as may be devised
from time t6 time by the shipping
board. We must have a merchant
marine which meets these require
ments, and we shall have to pay the
cost of its service.
PUBLIC IMPROVKMKNT8.
The time ha* come to resume in a
moderate way the opening of our In
fracostal waterways; the control of
flood waters of the Mississippi and of
the Colorado rivers; the Improvement
of the waterways front the Great
lakes toward the Gulf of Mexico; and
the development of the great power
and navigation project of the 8t.
Lawrence river, for which efforts are
/ now being made to secure the neces
sary treaty with Canada. These proj
ects ran not all he undertaken at
once, hut all should have the Immedi
ate consideration of the congress and
lie adopted as fast as plans csn be
matured and the necessary funds be
come available. This is not Incom
patible with economy, for their na
ture does not require so much a pub
lic expenditure as a capital Invest
ment which will be reproductive, as
evidenced by the marked Increase In
revenue from the Panama canal.
Upon these projects depend much fu
ture Industrial and agricultural prog
ress. They represent the protection
of large areas from flood ami the ad
dition of a great amount of cheap
power and cheap freight by use of
navigation, chief of which Is the
bringing of ocean-going ships to the
Great Lakes.
Another problem of allied charac
ter la the superpower development of
the northeastern states, consideration
of which Is proceeding under the di
rection of the Department of Com
4
rnerce by Joint conference with the
local authorities.
RAILROADS.
Criticism of the railroad law has
been directed, first, to the section lay
ing down the rule by which rates are
fixed, and providing for payment to
the government and use of excess
earnings; second, to the method for
the adjustment of wage scales; and.
third, to the authority permitting con
solidations.
It hag been erroneously assumed
that the act undertakes to guarantee
railroad earnings. The law requires
that rates should be just and reason
able. To make a rate that does not
yield a fair return results in confisca
tion. and confiscatory rates are of
course unconstitutional. Unless the
government adheres to the rule of
making a rate that will yield a fair
return. It must abandon rate making
altogether. , The new and Important
feature of that part of the law is the
recapture and redistribution of excess
rates. The constitutionality of this
method Is now before the supreme
court for adjudication. Their decl
slon should be awaited before st
tempting further legislation on this
subject. Furthermore, the Impor
tance of this feature will not be great
If consolidation goes Into effect.
The settlement of railroad labor dis
putes is a matter of grave public con
cern. The labor board was establish
ed to protect the public In the enjoy
ment of continuous service by at
tempting to Insure justice between the
companies and their employes. it
has been a great help, but is not al
together satisfactory to the public, the
employes, or the companies. If a
substantial agreement can be reached
among the groups Interested, there
.should be no hesitation In enacting
such agreement into law. If it Is not
reached, the labor board may very
well be. left for the present to pro
tect the public welfare.
The law for consolidations Is not
sufficiently effective to be expeditious.
Additional legislation Is needed giving
authority for voluntary consolidations,
l>oth regional and route, and providing
government machinery' to aid and
stimulate such action, always subject
to the approval of the Interstate com
merce commission. This should au
thorize the commission to appoint
committees for each proposed group,
representing the public and the com
ponent roads, with power to negotiate
with individual security holders for
an exchange of their securities for
those of the consolidation on such
terms and conditions as the commis
sion may prescribe for avoiding anv
confiscation and preserving fair val
ues. Should this permissive consoli
dation prove Ineffective after a limited
period, the authority of the govern
ment will have to be directly Invoked.
Consolidation appears to he the
only feasible method for the main
tenance of an adepuate system of
transportation with an opportunity
so to adjust freight rates as to meet
such temporary conditions as now
prevail In some agricultural sectlona.
Competent authorities agree that an
entire reorganization of the rate
‘structure for freight is necessary.
This should be ordered at once by
the congress.
DEPARTMENT OF Jl'STICE.
As no revision of the laws of the
United States has been made since
1*78, a commission or committee
should be created to undertake this
work. The judicial rounclL reports
I hat two more district Jmfees are
needed In the southern district of
New York, one In the northern dis
trict of Georgia, and two more cir
cuit judges In the circuit court of
appeals of the Eighth circuit. Legis
lation should be considered for this
purpose.
It is desirable to expedite the hear
ing and disposal of cases. A commis
sion of federaj Judges and lawyers
should be created to recommend legis
lation by which tho procedure in
the federal trial courts may be sim
plified and regulated by rules of
court, rather than by statute; such
rules to be submitted to,the congress
snd to be In force until annulled or
modified by the congress. The su
preme court needs legislation revising
rnd simplifying the laws gqgernlng
review by that court, and enlarging
the class of raecvs of too little public
Importance to be subject to review.
Such reforms would expedite the
transaction of the business of the
courts. The administration of Jus
tice Is likely to fall if It be long de
layed.
The national government has never
given .adequate attention to its prison
problems. It ought to provide em
! ployment In such forms of production
' as can be used by the government,
! though not sold to tho public In com
petition with private business, for all
prisoners who can be placed at work,
anl for which they should recelvs'a
■ easonable compensation, available
, tor their dependents. ^
Two Independent reformatories are
needed; one for the segregation of
women, and another for the segrega
tion of young men serving their first
•“ntenee.
The administration of Justice would
be facilitated greatly by Including In
the bureau of Investigation of the De
partment of Justice a division of
criminal Identification, where there
would he collected this Information
which Is now Indispensable In ths sup
wemdon of crime.
PROHIBITION.
The prohibition amendment to the
constitution requires the congress and
the president to provide adequate laws
to prevent Its violation. It Is my duty
to enforce such laws. For that pur
pose a treaty Is being negotiated with
Great Britain with respect to the
right of search of hovering vessels.
To prevent smuggling, ths coast
guard should be greatly strengthened!
and a supply of swift power boats
should be provided. The major sources
of production should be rigidly regu
lated, and every effort should be
made to suppress Interstate traffic.
With this action on the part of the
national government, and the co-oper
ation which la usually rendered by
the municipal and state authorities,
prohibition should be made effective.
Free government hns no greater men
ace than disrespect for authority and
continual violation of luw. It Is the
duty of a citizen not onl yto observe
the law but to let it be known that
he Is opposed to Its violation.''
THE NEGRO.
Numbered among our population
are some 12,000,000 colored people.
Under our constitution their rights
sre Just as sacred as those of any
other citizen. It la both a public and
a private duty to protect those rights.
The congress ought to exercise all Its
powers of prevention and punishment
against the hideous crime of lynch
ing, of which the negroes are by no
means the sole sufferers, t)Ut for
which they furnish a mapority of the
victims.
Already a considerable sum is ap
propriated to give the negroes voca
tional training in agriculture. About
half a million dollars is recommended
for medical courses at Howard uni
versity to help contribute to the edu
cation of BOH colored doctors needed
each }ear. On account of the migra
tion of large numbers Into Industrial
centers. It has been proposed that a
commission be created, composed of
members from both races, to formu
late a better policy for mutual under
standing and confidence. Such an
effort is to be commended. Everyone
would rejoice in the accomplishment
of the results which It seeks. But tt
is well to recognize that these dlffl
cutties are to a large extent local
problems which must be worked out
by mutual forbearance and human
kindness of each coninfunlty. Such a
method gives much more promise of
a real remedy than outside Inter
ference.
CIVIL KKKVH'K.
The maintenance and extension of
the classified civil service is exceed
ingly important. There are nearly
550.000 persons In the executive Civil
service drawing about $700,000,000 of
yearly compensation. Four-fifths of
these are in the classified service.
This method of selection of the em
ployes of the United States Is espe
cially desirable for the Postoffice de
partment. The civil service commis
sion has recommended that postmas
ters at first, second and third classes
offices be classified. Such action, ac
companied by a repeal of the four
year term of office, would undoubted
ly be an Improvement. I also recom
mend that the field force for prohibi
tion enforcement be brought within
the classified civil service without
covering the present membership. The
beat method for selecting public serv
ants is the merit system.
PUBLIC BUILDINGS.
Many of the departments in Wash
ington need better housing facilities.
Some are so crowded that their work
is impeded, others are so scattered
that they lose their identity. While
I do not favor at this time a general
public building law, I believe it fs
now necessary, In accordance with
plans already sanctioned for a unified
and orderly system tar the develop
ment of this city, to begin the carry
ing out of those plans by authorizing
the erection of three or four buildings
most urgently reeded by an annual
appropriation of $5,000,000.
REGULATORY LEGISLATION.
Co-operation with other maritime
power* 1* necessary for complete pro
tection of our coast waters from pol
lution. Plans for this are under way,
hut await certain experiments for
refuse disposal. Meantime laws pro
hibiting spreading oil and oil refuse
from vesseis In our own territorial
waters would be most helpful against
this menace and should be speedily
enacted.
I,aws should be passed regulating
aviation.
Revision Is needed of the laws regu
lating radio Interference.
legislation and regulations estab
lishing load lines to provide safe
loading of vessels leaving our ports
are necessary and recodlficatlon of
our navigation laws la vital.
Revision of procedure of the fed
eral trade commission will give more
constructive purpose to this depart
ment.
If our Alaskan fisheries sre to be
saved from destruction, there must
be further legislation declaring a gen
era! policy and delegating the author
ity to make rittes and regulations to
an administrative body.
ARMY AND NAVY. .
For several years we have been
decreasing the personnel of the army
and navy, and reducing their power
to the danger point. Further reduc
tions should not he made. The army
Is a guarantee of the security of our
citizens at home; the navy is a guar
antee of the security of our citizens
abroad. Both of these services should
he strengthened rsther than weak
ened. Additional planes are needed
for the army, and additional sub
marines for the navy. The defenses
of Panama must be protected. We
want no more competitive arma
ment*. We want no more war. But
we want no weakness that invites
Imposition. A people who negtect
their natlohal defense are putting In
Jeopardy their national honor.
INSULAR POSSESSIONS.
Conditions In the Insular posses
sions on tho whole have been good.
Their business has been reviving.
They are being administered accord
ing to law. The effort has tha full
support of the administration. Such
recommendations as may coma from
their people or their governments
should have the most consldsrate at
tention.
education and welfare.
Our national government Is not do
ing as much as It legitimately can
do to promote the welfare of the peo
ple. Our enormous material wealth,
our Institutions, our whole form of
society, can not be considered fully
successful until their benefits reach
the merit of every Individual. This
Is not a suggestion that the govern
ment should, or could, assume for
the people the Inevitable burdens
of existence. There Is no method by
which we can either be relieved of
the reaulta of our own folly or be
guaranteed a successful life. There
is an Inescapable personal responsi
bility for the development of charac
ter, of Industry, of thrift, and of self
control. These do not come from
tho government, but from the people
themselves. But the government can
and should nlwaya l* expressive of
steadfast determination, always vig
ilant, to maintain condltlona under
which these virtues are most likely
to develop and secure recognition
and reward. Thl* Is the American
policy.
It Is In accordance with thl* prin
ciple that wo have enacted lows for
the protection of the public health
and have adopted prohibition In par
ootlc drugs and Intoxicating liquors.
For purposes of national uniformity
ws ought to provide, by constitution
al amendment and appropriate legisla
tion. for a limitation of child labor,
and In all cases under the exclusive
Jurisdiction of the federal govern
ment a minimum wage law for
women, whloh would undoubtedly find
sufficient power of enforcement In the
Influent* of public opinion.
Having In mind that education Is
peculiarly n local problem, anj that
it should always he pursued with the
largest freedom of choice by students
und parents, nevertheless, the fed
eral government might well give the
benefit of Its counsel and encourage
men! more freely In this dlrscllon. If
anyone doubts the neotl of concerted
action by the states of the nuttop foi
President Coolidge
Today Told Congress:
By International Sertlce.
FOREIGN AFFAIRS.
America wants and stands Milling:
to help other nations, but ran best
serve herself and the world by re
maining free, independent and pow
erful.
He favors America entering the
world court, with such reservations
as will make it clear we shall not
adhere to the league of nations.
The league is a dead issue so far as
America is concerned.
There should be no cancellation of
foreign debts.
Russia should not be recognized un
til she ar know ledges her just debts
and ceases opposition to our institu
tions. '
DOMESTIC AFFAIRS.
lie strongly approves the Mellon
program of tax reduction as written.
He is not in favor of a soldiers'
bonus,
Congress should act at once to com
pel a revision of freight rales.
Tlie nation’s railroads should be
permitted to voluntarily ronsolidale
into regional systems, which is the
final solution of the railroad prob
lem.
The railway labor board should be
left alone until a better method Is
provided for dealing with labor dis
putes.
The tariff should not he tinkered
with.
Tile government should sell its
ships and get nut of the shipping
business as quickly as possible.
Tlie coast guard should be strength
ened lo prevent rum smuggling, and
all citizens should obey the dry laws.
Postmasters and prohibition agents
should be placed uflder civil service.
The army and navy should be in
creased in size and power.*
Immigration should he rigidly re
stricted and aliens registered.
The constitution should be amend
ed in prohibit rhild labor and tha Is
suance of tax exempt securities.
Tlie government should extend
egsy credit and marketing facilities
to tlie fanner and then allow him to
work out his own salvation.
Muscle Shoals should be sold to the
highest bidder.
The president should bd clot lied
with power to take emergenry action
In roal strikes.
Waterways should be Improved
from the Great Inkes to the Gulf,
and the St. Lawrence river project
pushed to completion.
lawn should be passed regulating
aviation and radio.
A commission should be formed to
promote better understanding be
tween whites and negroes in this
country.
this purpose. It is only necessary to
consider the appalling figures of Il
literacy representing a condition
which does not vary much In all parts
of the union. I do not favor the
making of appropriations from the
national treasury, to be expended di
rectly on local education, but I do
consider it a fundamental requirement
of national activity which, accompan
ied by allied subjects of welfare. Is
worthy of a separate department and
a place in the cabinet. The humani
tarian aide of government should not
he repressed, hut should be culti
vated.
Merto Intelligence, however, la not
enobgh. Enlightenment must be ac
companied by that moral power which
la the product of the home and of re
ligion. Real education and true Wei
fare for the people rest Inevitably on
this foundation. Jl-hlch the govern
ment can approve and command, hut
which the people themaeivea must
create. i
IMMIGRATION.
American Institutions rest solely
on good citizenship. They were cre
ated by people who had a background
of self-government. New arrivals
should be limited to our capacity
to absorb them Into the ranks of good
citizenship. America must be kept
American. For this purpose. It la
necessary to continue a policy of re
stricted Immigration. It would be
well to make such Immigration of a
selective nature with some Inspection
at tjie source, and based either on a
prior census Or upon the record of
naturalization. Either method would
Insure the sdmlsslon of those with the
largest capacity and best Intention of
becoming citizens. I am convinced
thnt our present economic and social
conditions warrant a limitation of
those to be admitted. We should
find additional safety In a law requir
ing the Immediate registration of all
aliens. Those who do not want to
be partakers of the American spirit
ought not to settle In America.
VETERANS. v
No more Important duty fall* on
the government of the United State*
thad the adequate care of It* veter
ans. Those suffering from disabilities
Incurred In the service must have
sufficient hospital relief and compen
sation. Their dependents mutt be
supported. Rehabilitation and voca
tional training must be completed.
All of this service must be clean,
must be prompt and effective, and
It must be administered In a spirit
of the broadest and deepest sympathy.
If Investigation reveals any present
defects of administration or need of
legislation, orders will lie given for
the Immediate correction of adminis
tration and recommendations for leg
islation should be given the highest
preference.
At present there are *,500 vacant
beds In government hospitals. I rec
ommend that all hospitals tie author
ized at to receive and care for,
without hospital pay, the veteran* of
all wars needing such care, whenever
there are vacant beds, and that Im
mediate steps tie taken to enlarge and
build new hospitals to serve all such
cases.
The American legion will present
to the congress a legislative program
too extensive for detailed dlseusston
here. It Is a carefully matured plan.
While some of It I do not favor, with
much of It I am In hearty aecord,
and I recommend that a most pains
taking effort be made to provide rem
edles for any defecfa In the adminis
tration of the present laws which'
their experience has revealed. The
attitude o^ the government toward
tt\aae proposals should be one of gen
erosity. Rut I do not favor the grant
ing of a lam us.
COAIi.
The iost of coni has become unbear
ably high It places a great burden
on our Industrial Hnd domestic Ilfs.
Tit# public welfare requires a reduc
tion In the price of fuel. With the
enormous deposits In existence, fail
ure of supply ought nut to lie toler
ated Those responsible for the con
dltions In this industry should under
take its reform and free it from any
charge of profiteering.
The report of the coal commission
will be before the congress, it com
prises all the facts. It represents the
mature deliberations and conclusions
of the best talent and experience that
ever made a national survey of the
production and distrtoutlon of fuel.
I do not favor government owenrshlp
or operation of coal mines. The need
is for action under private owner
ship that will secure greater continu
ity of production and greater' public
protection. The federal government
probably has no peacetime authority
to regulate wage*, prices, or profits
In coal at the mines or among deal
ers. but by ascertaining and publish
ing facts it can exerciae great influ
ence.
The source of the difficulty in the
bituminous coal" fields is the inter
mlttence of operation which causes
great waste of both capital and labor.
That part of the report dealing with
this problem has much significance,
and is suggestive of necessary reme
dies. By amending the car rules, by
encouraging greater unity of owner
ship, and possibly by permitting com
mon selling agent* for limited dls
tricts on condition that they accept
adequate regulation* and guarantee
that competition between district* be
unlimited, distribution, storage, and
continuity ought to be Improved.
The supply of coal must be con
stant. In case of its prospective In
terruption, the president shoald have
authority to appoint a commission
empowered to deal with whatever
emergency situation might arise, to
*UI conciliation and voluntary arbitra
tion, to adjt^ any existing or threat
ened controWrsy between the em
ployer and the employe when cqj.
lectlve bargaining fails, and by con
trolling distribution to prevent profi
teering In this vital necessity. This
.eglslatlon is exceedingly urgent, and
essential to the exercise of national
luthority for the protection of the
people. Those who undertake the
responsibility of management or em
ployment in this industry do so with
the full knowledge that the public in
terest is paramount, and that to fall
through any motive of selfishness in
its service is such a betrayal of duty
as warrants uncompromising action
by the government.
REORGANIZATION.
A special Joint committee has been
appointed to work out a plan for a
reorganization of the different depart
ments and bureaus of the government
more scientific and economical than
the present system. With the excep
tion of the consolidation of the War
and Navy departments and some
minor details, the plan has the gen
eral sanction of the president and the
cabinet. It is Important that re
organization be enacted into law at
the present session.
AGRICUIVTURE.
Aided by the sound principles
adopted by the government, the busi
ness of the country has had an
extraordinary revival. Hooked at as
a whole, the nation is In the enjoy
ment of remarkable proeperlty. In
dustry and commerce are thriving.
For the most part agriculture la suc
cessful, il staples having risen In
value from about $5,300,000,000 two
years ago to about $7,000,000,000 for
the current year. But range cattle
are still low In price, and some sec
tions of the wheat area, notably Min
neeota. North Dakota and on west,
have many cases of actual distress.
With his products not selling on a
parity with the products of Industry,
every sound remedy that can be de
vised should be applied for the relief
of the farmer. He represents a
character, a type of citizenship, and
,* public necessity that must be pre
served and afforded every facility for
regaining prosperity.
The distress Is most scuts among
those wholly dependent upon one crop.
Wheat acreage was greatly expanded
and has not yet been sufficiently re
duced. A large amount Is raised for
export, which has to meet the com
petition In the world market of large
amounts raised on land much cheaper
and much more productive.
No complicated scheme of relief, no
plan for government fixing of prices,
no resort to the public treasury will
be of any permanent value in estab
lishing agriculture. Simple and direct
methods put Into operation by tha
farmer himself are the only real
sources for restoration.
Indirectly the farmer mutt be re
lieved of national and local taxation.
He must be aesleted by the reorgan
ization of the freight-rate structure
which could reduce charges on his
production. To make this fully effec
tive there ought to be railroad con
solidations. Cheaper fertilizers must
be provided.
He must have organization. His
customer with whom he exchangee
produi-ts of the farm for thoee of In
dustry Is organized, labor la organ*
Ixed. business Is organized, and there
Is no way for agriculture to meet
this unless it, too. Is organised. The
acreage of wheat Is too large. Unless
we can meet the world market at a
profit, we must atop raising for ex
port. Organisation would help to re
duce acreage. Systems of co-opera
tive marketing created by the farm
ore themselves, supervised by compe
tent management, without doubt
would be of assistance, but they ran
not wholly solve the problem. Our
agricultural school! ought to have
thorough courses In the theory of
organisation and co-operative market-1
Ing.
Diversification Is necessary. Those
farmers who raise their living on
l heir land are not greatly In diet rest.
Such loans as are wisely needed to
assist buying stock and other mate
rials to start In thla direction should
be financed through a government
agency as a temporary and emergency
expedient.
The remaining difficulty ts the dls
position of exportable wheat. 1 do
not favor the permanent Interference
of the government -In thla problem.
That probably would Increase the
trouble by Increasing production. But
It seems feasible to provide govern
ment assistance to exports, and au
thority Should be given the %Vsr FI
nance corporation to grant, In its dis
cretion, the most liberal terms of pay
ment for fats and grains exported for
the direct benefit of the farm.
Mt’SCLK SHOAIA
The government I* undertaking to
develop a great water power project
known ae Monde Shoals, on which It
has expended many million dollura
The work la ellll going on Subject
to the right to retake In time of war.
f recommend that thta property wit'
■i location for auxiliary ateum plat
and rlglita of way be told. Thla woul.
end the present burden of expense and
should return to the treasury tile
largest price possible to secure .
While the price is an Important
element, there is another considers
tion even more compelling. The agri
culture of the nation needs a greater
supply and lower cost of fertilizer.
This is now imported in large quanti
ties. The best information I can se
cure indicates that, present methods
of power production would not be
able profitably to meet the price at
which these imports can be sold. To
obtain a supply from this water pow
er would require long and costly ex
perimentation to perfect a process
for cheap production. Otherwise our
purpose would fail completely. It
seems desirable, therefore. In order
to protect and promote the public
welfare, to have adequate covenants
that such experimentation be made
and carried on to success. The great
advantage of low-priced nitrates must
be secured for the direct benefit of
the farmers and the Indirect benefit
of the public In time of peace, and
of the government In time of war.
If thla main object be accomplished,
the amount of money recefved for
the property is not a primary or
major consideration.
Such a solution will Involve com
plicated negotiations, and there is
no authority for that purpose. I
therefore recommend that1 the con
gress appoint a small Joint commit
tee to consider offers, conduct nego
tiations, and report definite recom
mendations.
By reason of many contributing
causes, occupants of our reclamation
projects are in financial difficulties,
which in some cases are acute. Relief
should be granted by deftnlte author
ity of law empowering the secretary
of the interior in his discretion to
suspend, readjust and reassess all
charges against water users. Tills
whole question is being considered by
experts. You will have the advan
tage of the facts and conclusions
which they may develop. This sltua
tion, involving a government- invest
ment of more than 1135,000,000. and
affecting more than 30,000 water
users, is serious. While .relief which
Is necessary should be granted, yet
contracts with the government which
can be met should be met. The es
tahlished general policy of these
projects should not be abandoned for
any private control.
HIGHWAYS ANI> FORESTS.
Highways and reforest ration should
continue to have the Interest and
support of the government. Every
one Is anxious for good highways. I
have made a liberal proposal In the
budget for the continuing payment to
the states hy the federal government
of Its share for this necessary public
Improvement. No expenditure of pub
lic money contributes so much to the
national wealth as for building good
roads.
Reforestation has sn Importance
far above the attention it usually se
cures. A special committee of the
senate la Investigating this need, and
I shall welcome a constructive policy
based on their report.
It Is 100 years since our country an
nounced the Monroe doctrine. This
principle has been ever since, and Is
now, one of the main foundations of
our foreign relations. It must be
maintained. But in maintaining It
we must not be forgetful that a great
change has taken place. We are no
longer a weak nation, thinking mainly
of defense, dreading foreign Imposi
tion. We are great and powerful.
New powers bring new responsibili
ties. Our duty then was to protect
ourselves. Added to that, our duty
now Is to help give stability to the
world. We want Idealism. We want
that vision which lifts men and na
tlons aliove themselves. These arc
virtues hy reason of their own merit.
Dut they must not be cloistered; they
must not he Impractical; they must
not be Ineffective.
The world has had enough of the
curse of hatred and selfishness, of de
struction and war. It has had enough
of the wrongful use of material power.
For the healing of the nations there
must be good will and charity, confi
dence and peace. The time has come
for a more practical use' of moral
power, and more reliance upon the
principle that right makes Its own
might. Our authority nmong the na
tions must be represented by justice
and mercy. It Is necessary not only
to have faith, but to make sacrifices
for our faith. The spiritual forces of
the world make all its final determin
ations. It Is with these voices that
America should speak Whenever
they declare a righteous purpose there
need he no doubt that they will be
heard. America has taken bee place
in the world as a republic—free. In
Back
ache
After a hard day—
relieve the ache and tension of
overstrained muscles with Sloan's.
Pat it on gently. You don't have
to rub it in. Strain relaxes, pain
passes away. Get a bottle from
your druggist today—35 cents. It
will not stain.
Sloan's Liniment kills pain!
rlliv KKT.ltFMKNT
“Pape’s Cold Compound”
Breaks a Cold Right Up
Take two table*a every thtee hours
until three doses are taken The first
dose always gives relief. The second
and third doses completely break up
the cold. Pleasant and safe to take.
Contains no quinine or opiates. Mil
lions ure “Pape's Co’.d Compound.’*
Price, thirty-five cents. Druggists
guarantee it.
(AN VOl SOLVF
Anybody cho can aotv* thi* ©urxl*
within 3 day* will win ©ne cf The*«
©rite* Fir** or!*e 175 ir-'ond r>rlx* *5*
third nrfx* ITS. After three day* no
wil *re riven.
Th»* man -*er»r*Kenf* a flv*-r©om hour*
ev*rv war of everv com hiv nt a do©’
m*k»**r door* n all. The correc*
•oJotirn .« to throueh e-ach room - nd
eveet dno- b>- u*;n» *ach door on* tim*
>nb Tcti ran e-cro*n vour track and
i ent*r anr wm a* manv time* •« n*c*r
j nrv but -*m can onlr ras* tbrourh each
door on* “in*
■ • a
Rend *n»w«r* and iMQiiiM
r> MKKINO. tilt **«n»h 13fh MreH.
deftendent, powerful. The beat s?r
vice that can 'be rendered to humanity
1m the acauraa thr»t tbi* place WUj
be maintained
Platte County Official
Is at Point of Death--'
Columbus, Neb, Dec. S.—Jerry Caf
rlg, register of deeds of Platte county
for many years and acclaimed as th*v
rnost popular man wrto ever held
flee Id the courthouse lies In Mt:
Mary hospital here at the point of
death following a stroke of apoplexy.
Wymore Community Cblub
Plans Christmas Program
Wymore, Neb., Doc. 6.—At h, meet
ing of the Wymore Community club
it whs decided for thin city to hAve
a municipal Chrlftman tree. A large
tree will l»e erected at one of the
lntemeetimv* on Main stteet and
lighted hi electric ity.
: BBDOBO
1415-17 Douglaa Street ,
pt
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