WELLS CALLS THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS
\ - _ ■
CONTEMPTIBLE
■ ■ —- 1 I - ~
Blind Alley
for Good
Intentions
Heterogenous Nature of Mem
ber States Makes Surren
der of Nationalism Im
possible, Briton Says.
Power Unjustly Divided
By II. G. WELLS.
Author of "Outlines of History.”
Special Cubic IHaputcb to The Onmlm Hcc.
London, Oct. 20.—I opened this
series of articles with an attack on
the existing league of nations ut
Geneva. This attack provoked a very
considerable correspondence in reply.
Hardly anyone was disposed to de
fend the league as perfect or satisfac
tory, but it was urged that it was a
beginning, a germ, a young thing
.UIVFRTISKMFNT
HEW THRILL
FOR TIRED MER
Lack of Vitality, Energy, Forcefulness
and Self-Confidence Corrected in
Mnny Instances Within 21
Hours By a New Stimu
lator Said to Be Pre
ferable to Gland
Treatment.
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Scientists exploring the Jungles and
observing the native customs found
that before festive occasions and cere
monials requiring great vigor the na
tives invariably ate of the bark of a
certain tree. This seemingly was re
sponsible for the unusual vigor dis
played by even the oldest of the
tribe. I
After careful experiments it was
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from th* bark of the tree and
that this extract seemed to produce
the same stimulating effects on civi
lized man as on the wildest savage.
It has since been used very widely
by prominent scientists with great
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lost energy, and insomia induced by
introspection.
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tained in convenient tablet form In tom
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One tablet may b# taken after meals
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that might accumulate power and
prestige, that Its intentions were ad
mirable, that it embodied and sus
tained an ideal and that if it were de
stroyed there would be nothing tci
stand between the nations at all. 1
was reproached because—after an ad
vocacy of world unity for a qunrter
of a century—I refused to recognize
this r>°°r diplomatic changeling as
the birth of fny desires.
it is perhaps desirable that I should
answer these criticisms and state a
little more explicitly why X think this
affair at Geneva is worse than no
league of mankind at ail. I do not
think It can ever develop into a
serviceable organ for world civiliza
tion because X think that It was
planned from the outset upon the
wrong lines and that it is as reason
able to support it in the hope of Us
growing to meet the world's needs as
it would be to buy a broken-down
perambulator in the hope thaV it
would presently develop Into a much
needed automobile.
League Malformed.
The Geneva league of nations is a
start. I admit, hut it Is a start tu
the wrong direction and before we
can get upon the way to any real
collective organization of world af
fairs we have to retrace our steps to
the stairting point before there was
any league. The league is malformed
In such a way that it can never hope
to grow straight and strong.
One primary fault In the structure
of this existing league Is its complete
abandonment to the idea of nationnl
sovereignty in its lntenaest and most
mischievous form. Any little bundle
of human being*, however small, il
literate and unimportant, provided
only that it was n law unto itself hnd
waved a flag about and insisted upon
a cantankerous Independence. wAs re
garded as a possible unit by the ped
ants who devised the league.
Any body of people, however numer
ous. intelligent and significant in hu
man affairs, provided it had grouped
Itself into any other larger political
aggregation, ceased on the other hand
to be anything hut a merged partici
pator tn the league's affairs.
Injustice to Scotland.
So, Abyssinia, in which there are
probably not. 200 people* fcapable of
understanding the rudiments of world
politics, could be considered seriously
as a member of this absurd associft
tion, while Scotland, the best educated
country in Europe, was not to appear
except as a button or collar stud so
to speak, upon the figure of the Brit
ish representative.
The manifest consequences of such
a preposterous recognition of separ
atism, the Inevitable feebleness and
disingenuousness of a league bi>d*d
upon such ideas, were pointed out as
early as May, 1918, In a memorandum
insued by the official propaganda or
ganization of the British government
at Crewe House. Crewe House was
rather a thorn in the side of the dear
old British foreign office; in 1918 It
was asking for a definition of allied
war aims and all sorts of inconven
ient, honest questions.
The memorandum was treated ac
cording to the best diplomatic pre
cedents. Although we were making
it the basis of - extravagant promises
to Germany it was never communi
cated as it should have been to the
French and Italians. At the end of
the war the promises of Crewe House
dropped out of the victorious picture.
The reasoning and the warnings of
this memorandum were entirely ig
nored by the hasty gentlemen at Ver
sailles who threw together the Ge
neva league of nations.
States Iiose Sovereignty.
These gentlemen seem to have been
profoundly Influenced by an infantile
analogy between a sovereign state
and an individual man. This Is the
age of democracy; and the league,
most marveloui formula! was "to
make the world safe for democracy."
Modern democracy is taken to mean
so much political equality between
adult and Hdult as may be achieved
by giving each Individual a vote.
What more easy or—if you think
it out—more fallacious, than to trans
fer this idea to sovereign states and
give each of them a vote In a won
derful congress of mankind?
But one sovereign state Is not like
another sovereign state as one Indi
vidual man is like another; the dif
ference between this sovereign state
and that is far profounder, profound
er even than the difference between
nilmals of different classes. The dif
ference In structure. complexity,
function and destiny for example be
tween the organization known as the
United States of America and that
known as Nicaragua Is a difference
as wide as that between the whole
plant of a great Industrial district
and a small domestic mangle. But in
the original covenant of league both
were treated as Individuals differing
only a little in size, gnd importance.
Liberia, Belgium, France. Haiti, and
the Hejaz were all to be—and they
are!—citizens in this marvelous re
public of states.
Held in Contempt.
It is like treating a jar of pickles,
an opera house, a battleship, a bun
die of sugar cane nnd a small trav
eling bag as equivalent things. Any
old thing with a flag In it*— that is
the rule. Can you expect the debates
and divisions of a body so constituted
to have any restraining Influence up
on the policies and practices of the
great powers? It is treated with
open contempt In France and Italy
and there is a sort of support for it
in Oreat Britain it is largely because
there Is a feeling that with 'Lord
Balfour and Ijnrd Robert Cecil to the
fore and with its British foreign of
fice secretary and So forth its proce
dure can he manipulated in the lr^
tcrests of the—I won't say British,
for that is too good a word to use—
the "Anglican" empire.
Now m£ case is that this constitu
tion of the league, is for the reasons
I have stated, bad beyond all patch
ing. There is, I hold, ho need at alt
to base the thing we need upon a
sham parliament of a miscellany of
sovereign states big or little, civilised
or savage. What civilisation needs
are open, efficient and authoritative
controls of certain universal interests,
controls representing the great mass
of civilized people and their common
world Interests. For all practical end*
it would be infinitely better to let
Liberia, Ilayti, the Hejaz and the like
go hang. Such little, such parochial
states ought to learn to combine up
with kindred organizations—or hold
their peace in world affairs.
Not one of them contains as many
people educated up to Idea* of world
policy as—let us say, any outlying
suburb of Amsterdam. If half a
dozen of the bigger political systems
of the world, nr even two or three,
'could get together to sustain a com
mon monetary standard, a common
transport control, a common law
court, a tariff union, a mutual de
fence system and a common guarantee
of disarmament, they would achieve
something beyond the uttermost pos
sibilities of this Oeneva affair.
So much political coalescence on the
part—to take an example boldly—of
the United States, the Rritlsh system,
Holland and the Scandinavian coun
tries wouuld form a nucleus so large
and Influential that upon It, the rest
of the world, however fiercely nation
alist at heart, would In the end be
obliged to crystallze.
I believe all these countries I have
named and Latin America and Spain
and Portugal to boot, could pool their
Jotelgn policies—for that la what any
genuine league of nations means—
without encountering Insuperable dlf
ficultics. The world barrier would be
tariffs, but I do not believe that
would be an Invincible barrier Such
a club of civilized people would very
speeedlly have all the rest of the
world on Its waiting list. And I do not
see why its achievement should be
any more difficult than or indeed
nearly as difficult as bolstering up
this Ineffective pretence, the present
league of nations
World Court Easier.
I contend that Instead ot there being
no alternative to the league of nations,
‘the way Would open quite naturally
to such alternative*, directly It was
cleared out of the way. It would for
Instance—If only on account of the
United States—be mufh easier to
set up a great International court of
justice with proper sanctions, with
out the league than with It.
It is not as though the present
league had accumulated any honor or
prestige during its four years of life
In Geneva. In the case of the Polish
attack on Russia. In the case of the
Greek aggressions on Turkey, in re
gard to the occupation of the Ruhr,
the murderous bombardment of Corfu
and the stealing of the Greek de
posit by the council of ambassadors
to bribe the Italians to evacute Corfu.
It has shown Itself-trivial, useless and
I ridiculous.
It Is either silent before such out
rages or it speaks with a quavering
voice and nobody listens. It Is a1
blind alley -for good Intentions. It 1s
a weedy dump for all the weaknesses
of European liberalism. Its past is
contemptible and the briefer Its fu
ture the better for mankind.
(Copyright. 1 • 23. >
Widow of Pastor Dies.
Franklin, Neb.. Oct. JO —Mrs. Car
rie L>. Knapp, 81, widow of the late
Rev. George W. Knapp of this place,
died at Jennings, La. She came to
Nebraska C8 years ago with her hus
band, wlio later held pastorates at
Aurora. Salem, Grant, Ogallala, Hay
Springs. Riverton and Franklin. Sh*
is survived by a son. George, ot Ver
don, and two daughters, Mrs. Cher.sy
O. Jones. Brookline, Mass., and Mr*.
Frederick W. Leavitt, Jennings, La.
Funeral services wers held here yes
terday.
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Like Father, Like Son; Old Cafe
Reopened by Second Generation
Gastronomic Landmark at
.Hotel Loyal Is Now Mod
ern Coffee Shop.
Years ago, when Herman Cohn
operated the old Hotel Loyal cafe. It
tvas a gastronomic landmark of Omaha
Now his son. Loyal Cohn, has
opened the Hotel Loyal coffee shop,
with several members of th# old Loyal
cafe staff
Gustave Wleland. chef, famous In
the olden days for his cookery, has
complete charge of the kitchen and
bakery.
Three of his original cooks are with
him again In the coffee shop.
The establishment has been com
pletely refurnished at a cost of about
110,000, The kitchen equipment Is of
the finest, with huge coal ranges,
sttamers, jacketed kettles, and a
built-in oven.
Chairs and tables In the coffee room
proper are finished In silver gray.
The shop makes a specialty of Its
roll* and pastry. It uses a special
blend of coffee, put up In Individual
packages for Its exclusive use.
The shop Is open from 7 In the
morning until 8 at night, and le at
I • • "' -mtr.
• /y/ ^
trading many of the customers who
formerly patronized the old Hotel
Loyal cafe in the days of Mr Cohn's
father.
Tourist Has Close Call
When Train Strikes Auto
Columbus, Neb., Oct. 20.—J. H.
Sterling Dixon, III., tourist, had »
narrow escape from death here when
a Union Pacific switch engine cross
lng tho Lincoln highway on a sld
lng caught the rear of his car just
as tne driver swung suddenly up the
track in an effort to escape the lo
comotive.
The front end of the automobile
was crushed against a telephone pole,
the rear end partially demolished and
the running board on the front of the
locomotive and several steel rods were:
broken. Sterling was unhurt.
Hog Cholera Is Reported
eiNar West Point, eNb.
'Vest t'olnt. N“i> Oct. 2u—H |
cholera has been doing considerable i
devastation among the herds of many 1
farmers over the county during the
'ast few weeks, 'tost every farmer
in the county has vaccinated or Is
planning to do so. One fanner near j
Wisner is reported t> hire lost so!
head There are also heavy losses
west of the river. The southwest
parts of the county are the hardest
hlt'_I
Sol Hess directs "The Nebbs.” an
'ogive feature in The Evening.
Bee.
Total of 39 Caseg Listed
for Trial at Pawnee City
Pawnee City, Neb., Oct. 20.—Die
trict court open* in Pawnee City
Monday with 33 civil case* and four
criminal case* on the docket. The
Jury has been summoned to appear
Tuesday morning. Judge Raper wfll
lie in charge of the session. Among
the civil cases are 14 foreclosures, five
suits on promissory notes, two divorce
cases and one breach of promise suit.
There la a perpetual Sabbath day
upon the earth. The Greeks observe
Mondays; the Persians, Tuesday; the, '
Asoyrians, Wednesday; the Egypt
ians, Thursdays; the Turks, Friday;
the Jews. Saturday, and the Chris
tians, Sunday. _
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