President Harding Voices Message of Cheer to Farmers in
Speech at Hutchinson
- y
Predicts Gradual
Improvement in
Rural Conditions
Chief Executive of Nation Ex
presses Opinion That
Worst of Prewar De
pression Has Passed.
(Continued From Fa«e One.)
■with automobiles, telephones, movies
and the radio, the present lot of the
farmer is not so very bad after all.
He regretted that a tendency toward
extravagance exists among the farm
ing population, and cautioned them to
live within their incomes, if possible.
It was a pleasant little speech, al
though it held out no definite promises
of further relief for the farmer along
the lines upon which Senator Smith
Brookhart of Iowa, and other mem
bers of the “farm bloc" in congress
are working.
Following is the test of Mr. Hard
lng's speech:
Fellow Citizens of Kansas and Fellow
Americans All:
A half score of years or more ago,
I was making a number of addresses
in your state, and had the good for
tune to make a more or less initmate
survey of several thriving Kansan
communities. While driving in the
outskirts of a county seat town, not
a hundred miles from here, we noted
In the distance a structure rather
more imposing than the average
home, and I made inquiry as to its
ownership. My host said: “Well, sir,
I'll have to apologize. That’s the coun
ty poorhouse, but it is out of commis
sion. We discontinued its public op
eration for we had no inmates."
“Omit the apology,” I said, "and make
It a boast. I never saw an unoccupied
almshouse before. If this is a reflex
of the life of Kansas, it is a glorious
chapter in human progress."
My host had spoken truly. More
Interesting still, before my speaking
tour was finished, I saw two other
county almshouses which had been
abandoned as public institutions, and
made into eloquent monuments to a
community’s good fortune. A civil
ization without a public charge is not
the supreme attainment in human
progress, but it is a lofty achievement
and I know there cannot be very
much wrong with the fundamentals
of the government under which it is
recorded.
Probably the fortunes of agricul
tural Kansas are not today precisely
what they were a dozen years ago,
and agricultural fortunes are invari
ably reflected in the fortunes of all
others, because they are so closely
related and Interdependent that there
can be no good or ill fortune of one
without Influencing the other. The
world has been in a social, indus
trial. financial and political upheaval
since then. The very fabric of civil
ization has been sorely tested, dynas
ties have fallen, monarchies have fail
ed, revolution has reigned in various
sections of the world and disasters
have exacted their toll nearly every
where and in nearly every way.
Confidence Restored.
The losses to American agriculture
are universally admitted and deplored,
but It is not an experience peculiar to
American agriculture alone. Nor was
the readjustment following war's in
flations a burden to agriculture alone.
It came to the railroads, to hankers,
to manufacturers, and to the mercan
tile world. The miracle is that we all
escaped with so relatively little of
disaster. It is characteristic of hu
man nature that we magnify our own
ills and too little appraise the ills #of
others, but the eyes of the government
are attracted to them all. I hesitate to
tell you how seriously vast Interests,
presumably unendanpered by the
changing tides of business, were af
footed, and at what sacrifices disast
ers were averted. Looking backward,
I find my confidence in the social and
industrial fabric of this republic
strengthened by our wonderful em
ergence from threatening disaster.
Kver since the earlier processes of
deflation which began after the world
war we have been studying nnd talk
ing about the rehabilitation and the
better organization of our agricultural
industries.
I confess a very frank pride in the
government’s part in bettering a sit
uation against which you justly com
plained and which all the people of
the nation deplored. The co-operation
of all the governmental agencies, and
with them the co-operation of the fine
forces of leadership which the great
national farm organizations have de
veloped, made It possible to secure a
measure of helpful results in this de
partment of our endeavors, which has
been especially gratifying. Moreover,
it has found prompt reflection in the
Improved status of every agricultural
concern. We have been officially in
formed that owing to Improved condl
tlons the farm products of the coun
try for 1922 were worth $2,000,000,
OhO more than they were In 1921.
Clearly, we are through the worst of
the depression nnd can reasonably ex
pect gradual Improvement.
Fanners Respond.
The balance within the Industry,
as between livestock and grain pro
duction, has been restored. The dls
turbance of that equilibrium, so high
ly important to a properly adjusted
agriculture, had .been one of the un
fortunate and unavoidable results of
the wartime necessities. Called to
feed a world, American farmers had
willingly responded to the demand for
special efforts in certain lines of pro
duction. Relationships between sup
plies and demand for some staples
were badly disrupted slid could not
he Instantly restored when peace
came. That waa In considerable part
responsible for the violent fluctua
tions which Imposed so much hard
ship on the farmer. Along with this
distortion of the production ratios
went an even more acute and dlffl
cult disturbance of the factors which
determine foreign demand.
While the war lasted there was no
possibility of overproduction of such
staples as wheat and cotton, for ex
ample; nnd when pence suddenly
burst upon the world, the farmer had
plans for a long future which he
could not readjust Instantly, No hu
man wisdom could possibly have fore
told the course that would be taken
by supplies nnd demand; nnd it is ns
futile as It Is obvious to us now to
say that wisdom would have dictated
at least a less precipitate policy In
removing the war time restrictions
and guidance in dealing with some
aspects of production and distribu
tion, «
When the present administration
came into responsibility, agriculture
was in the lowest ebb of depression.
The Immediate need was for measures
to meet an emergency. There was
urgent call to keep open and so far
as possible enlarge our foreign mar
kets, and this was accomplished by
a prompt policy of placing necessary
credits at the disposal of those en
gaged in finding foreign markets for
our foodstuffs; by arresting and re
versing the drastic deflation which
had the seeming, under the former
administration, of being aimed espe
cially at the destruction of agricul
ture's prosperity; by recalling the
War Finance corporation from its
state of suspended animation, giving
it a credit of $1,000,000,000 In govern
ment funds, and recommissioning it
tc afford relief to the American farm
er. The wisdom of this action was
demonstrqfp# by results.
Results Are Shown.
Four hundred million dollars have
been loaned by this Institution,
three-fourths of it to the farming
and livestock interests. At the same
time the emergency tariff measure
was passed, by wihich to secure the
farmer’s home market against the
Hood of competing articles from dis
tant corners of the earth. During
the war vast quantities of farm pro
ducts had been dammed up in coun
tries so distant that shortage of
shipping made transportation to
Europe impossible. With the seas
again free, these sought, at what
ever price could be obtained, the
one market where there was real
buying capacity and cash to pay—
the great market of the United
States. We took prompt measures
to stop this movement; and the com
bination of effective protection, eas
ier credits, and the operations of the
War Finance corporation quickly
arrested the downward trend and
started agriculture upon the up
grade once more.
It is only fair to pause a moment
and emphasize the value of these
measures of agricultural relief so
promptly put forward by the con
press. The new tariff schedules
saved for the American farmer a
vitally important and gravely men
aced home market. The resumption
of the war finance operations, backed
by the resources of the only gov
ernment on earth that was able to
summon such a credit, enabled the
American farmer to compete for
sn'es abroad.
Along with these measures,
prompt steps were taken to put the
Federal Farm Loan board back into
business. Like the War Finance
corporation, it had been In a state of
suspended activity for want of
money to loan. It was given a
credit of $50,000,000 and resumed
loaning on farm property.
A bill to facilitate co-operative
marketing of farm products was
passed. Legislation to prevent
harmful gambling in agricultural
futures was passed, held by the
courts to be unconstitutional, and
quickly repassed with the defects
removed. The act for the control
and regulation of the meat packers
was enacted.
Important reductions of freight
rates on agricultural products were
effected. Certain restrictions upon
the operation of the joint-stock land
banks, which had prevented them
from doing their share in financing
the farm, were removed. The loan
of $10,000 which had formerly been
Imposed upon the Federal Land
Banks was Increased to $26,000, a
change which Is certain greatly to
Increase the practicable usefulness
and range of operations of this
system. I
Irrigation Great Aid.
A measure of the utmost import
ance to farmers in those partB of the
country where irrigation is the very
basis of agricultural life is the act
authorizing formation of irrigation
districts, whereby the waterusing
settlers are brought together in as
sociations to conduct their relations
with the federal government. For
merly the settlers had to adjust all
differences of this kind ns individuals,
at great expense and inconvenience
to themselves. These water-users' or
ganizations promise to become nuclei
of highly useful cooperations in as
semhling, shipping and selling the
products of the irrigation districts.
Furthep encouragement was extended
to the irrigation farmers by amend
ing the farm loan art to provide terms
on which the land banka could make
loans to farmers on the irrigation
projects, whose conditions and neces
sities require special treatment.
i’et another provision in behalf of ■
this same community is made by the
new law which authorizes extending
the time on payments due from Ir
rigation farmers to the government.
This measure has given a new chance
to thousands of farmers In the Irrga
tion areas who have fallen under the -
same misfortunes that have afflicted
other farmers, and who had been un
able temporarily to meet their com
mltments to the government.
If the recital of this long list of
accomplishments In the farmer's be
half shall have seemed to suggest that
Washington has been devoting Itself
with a special and perhaps a partial
assiduity to the agricultural Interests,
I shall reply that the farmer has re
ceived nothing more than was coming
to him; nothing more than he needed;
nothing mere than was good for him;
anti nothing that was not also good
for all of our national Interests, bound
up as they are In the nation reaching
mutuality of dependence and inter
dependence. I tell you frankly that
I ten proud to be able to rtjine to
you today and tell you of what halt
been done, been use In doing It. we
have Reived not. only the farmers,
but everybody else in this land.
Credits Act fraised.
But that l» not all. I have re
served till the last what we may well
appraise the crowning achievement
of the entire list. I refer to the code
nf agricultural credit legislation
known ns th» agricultural credit act
of 192.1, which became law In the
closing days of the last congress. It
has not been possible yet to perfect
machinery for administering this set,
but 1 do not hesitate to express con
fidence Hint tills scheme of ngrtcul
turn! eredlts, taken In connection
with the other enactments I have
described, furnishes the hnsls for the
most enlightened, modern, sound, and
efficient scheme of agricultural fl
nance Hint has been set up In any
country, and will enable the farmer
in no distant future to free himself
from obstacles which have made it
difficult heretofore to conduct farm
operations upon a sound, business
like basis.
Before describing this program of
advancement in agricultural finance,
permit me a word by way of bring
ing before our minds the backgrounds
of the agricultural problem. Farm
ing is the oldest of all industries. It
has supported the community in
peace, and has been the most essen
tial line of industrial defense in war;
comrrfbjily, too, the first victim of
war. In olden times the conqueror
distributed the subjugated lands to
his favorites, and his prisoners as
slaves to till it. Thus land owner
ship became the mark of favor and
aristocracy. Later, the feudal re
gime substituted the somewhat less
severe conditions of serfdom and
villenage for those of slavery on the
soil. Then came the modern instttu
tion of an agricultural peasantry, po
lttically more free, but economically
still held in fetters of old tradltio.
Farther Left Out.
Merchants and manufacturers, in
the Middle Ages, devised banks to
help therrf finance their ventures.
Banking methods develop which serv
ed their purposes, but were not adapt
ed to the farmer. The farmer’s way
of life made him an individualist. He
could not organize the great co-opera
tions which we call corporations. The
banks did not furnish credit of the
kind and on the terms he needed it.
The manufacturer and merchant, do
ing a large gorss business in propor
tion to capital, having a short turn
over period, wanted to borrow work
ing capital for short periods. The
farmer, with a long turnover period,
wanted working capital on very dif
ferent terms. /
Now, the bank of deposit and dis
count is easily the most completely
co-operative institution that human
society has devised. But it got start
ed dealing primarily with industry
and commerce, and the farmer never
quite caught up with it. The rail
road or industrial corporation raises
plant capital by selling bonds; the
farmer, by the essentially similar op
eration of selling a mortgage on his
land. Both still require at times, to
supplement this capital, by making
less permanent loans to pay operat
ing costs.
These loans theibanks make out of
the funds intrusted to them by great
communities of depositors. In order
to keep their resources as liquid as
possible, against the possibility of
heavy demands from depositors, banks
have preferred to loan for short
periods, commonly one,'tow, or three
months. This precisely suited the
commercial or industrial borrower; It
did not fit the farmer's case, because
he requires a full year to produce
most crops; two or three years, even
in case of livestock.
New System Adapted.
So, as the ordinary banking prac
tice did not meet she farmers' needs,
the Idea arose of establishing inter
mediate credit institutions, which
should advance money for longer
periods than the merchant or manu
facturer desired if, but yet not on
the long-time basis of the farmers’
mortgage or the corporation's bond.
Various forms have been taken by
these Institutions in different coun
tries and under different conditions.
Hut I doubt if tliero has ever before
been set up a system of intermedi
ate farm credit so well adapted to
serve the needs of the farmers in
America.
This legislation designed ,to furnish
necessary intermediate credit for pro
duction purposes, taken In connection
with the Federal Farm loan system,
which provides long time mortgage
credit, and with the new law making
easy the organization and conduct of
co-operative associations, and with
the amended federal warehouse act.
provides what seems to be a com
plete. scientific and well-rounded, effl
clent and workable system of agricul
tural finance. Quite possibly experi
ence may show the need of minor
amendments here and there to the
credit act, but the principle under
lying it Is sound and needed changes
can readily be secured.
Under the agricultural credit net.
which became law last March, two
classes of corporations are authorized.
First come the Federal Intermediate
credit banks. They are 12 in num
ber, just as there are 12 Federal Re
serve banks and 12 Federal Farm
Uoan banks. Each Intermediate
Credit bank is to have J5.000.000 cap
ital, subscribed by the secretary of
the treasury in the name of the
United States and paid for from the
treasury. There Is to be one of these
banka In connection with each Fed
eral Farm Uoan bank, and they mny
be under the same or separate man
agements k
The Federal Intermediate Credit
hanks are to make loans to banks, or
to co-operative marketing assoola
tlons of farmers, which associations
are carefully provided for. The loans
Brk t» be tnadr spetvfyatly for Rgn ,
cultural purposes.
Debenture* Supply Honda.
Whenever the loans made from the
original rnpltsl reach an aggregate
Justifying It, the farm loan board,
which supervises the system, may Is
sue debenture bonds against the *'■
rurltles which the intermediate credit
tiankn have taken. The sale of these
debentures will put tlio banks in
funds otfce more for a new loaning
campaign: and so, In the revolving
fund fashion which has been made
familiar through the operations of
the farm loan board in real estate
mortgagee, the endless < haln goes on
and on, drawing In with each sale of
debentures a new supply of capital
for loaning to the farmers
Tim Intermediate credit, banks ate
fundamentally dlffernt from the faim
I dan banks In this; that "while the
farm loan banks advance money only
on real estate mortgage security, the
intermediate credit institutions are
to discount farmers' notes taken by
local banks and to loan on personal
and chultol security—livestock farm
equipment, growing orops, snd the
like. The debenture* sold by the
Intermediate credit Wanks are tnx ex
empt precisely as me Ihe debentures
of the farm loan banks
The debentures will be sold to the
public a! a rate sufficiently below
that charged the Original borrower,
to Insure that all expenses will be met
by llie margin of difference. These
banks are authorised lo make loans
on these debentures to the amount of
111 times their capital; that Is, each
bank may carry $110,000,000 of husl
ness, which places the total for the
system of 12 banka at $600,0(10,000.
Under the same law. another and
entirely distinct set of corporations
are provided for, called national agri
cultural credit corporations. These
are to be set up, their capital fur
nished, and their management con
trolled by 'private capital and enter
prise, under the general supervision
of the comptroller of the currency. A
national agricultural credit corpora
tion may be formed with capital not
less than $250,000, and national
banks are authorized on proper condi
tions to subscribe for stock in such
corporations, in the aggregate not.
exceeding 10 per cent of their capital
and surplus.
Time Extended on Stork.
The National Agricultural Credit
corporation is authorized to make
loans for agricultural purposes on
chattlels, livestock, growing crops,
and persona! credit up to a period of
nine months; except that in the case
of breeding stock and dairy herds the
period may be extended to three years.
They may Issue debentures against
the securities they have received, end
these may be marketed up ’to what
ever amount may be determined by
the regulations prescribed by the
comptroller. To facilitate the mar
keting of the debentures issued by
these corporations, a class of redis
count banks is provided. A credit
corporation may subscribe up to 20
per cent of its stock to the capital
of the rediscount bank. A minimum
of $1,000,000 paid up capital must be
provided for a rediscount bank. The
rediscount bank, on the responsibility
of its own capitalization, will enter
the general money market, float the
debentures that have been turned
over to It by the credit corporations,
and thus provide them with new funds
for further investments. It is simply
another application of the revolving
fund or endless credit chain Idea
which we found Illustrated In the case
of the Intermediate Credit hank*.
The utmost care has been taken to
surround these various institutions
with every possible safeguard that
can he afforded through skilled
supervision, ample responsibility, and
sound methods. It is the Judgment
of financial experts that their deben
tures will find Just as ready an ac
ceptance among investors as have
those of the Federal Farm Loan
board.
System is Snmplete.
There Is thus created at last a
complete farm credit system which,
drawing together the aggregated re
sponsibility of the greatest single
Industry in the land, backed by the
security of the land, and of live
stock, warehoused and growing
crops, all kinds of agricultural equip
ment; and. finally, by character and
high responsibility of the men and
women who constitute the great ag
ricultural community, will be cap
able of furnishing the American
farmers, for the first time in the
history of agriculture In any coun
try, adequate investment and work
ing capital on terms as favorable as
those accorded to commerce and In
dustry.
Many people have been Inclined to
be skeptical of benefits which might
follow the enactment of legislation
to give the farmer a better system
of credit. They have said that the
farmer needs be*ter prices for his
crops and livestock, rather than
easier ways to borrow money. That
is true, but these friend* to not
seem to understand that prices of
crops and livestock are directly In
fluenced hy credit facilities.
In the past, farmers have been
obliged to finance their productive
enterprises by borrowing money for
short terms When times are good
they have difficulty in renewing
these loans, but in period* of finnn
cila stress too many farmers have
found themselves under the neces
sity of pushing their crops or their
livestock on the market, not infre
quently before the latter Is fully
fi'le.l for market. In order to pay
notes which they had expected to
be able, to renew, thus at times
flooding the market and seriously de
pressing prices. Under a system of
intermediate credit, administered
with reference to the farmers' sea
sonal requirements, they should be
able to market both their ct-evpa and
livestock in a more orderly fashion,
and this In itself will be a potent In
fluence In keeping prices more
stable and reasonable.
1 thoroughly agree that what is
needed Is fair prices; and I very
well know that ihe farmer ^antg to
get out of debt rather than to get
further Into debt. But It is my opin
ion that both these ends will he
much more quickly accomplished
through this new system qf agricul
tural credits.
Congress Is I.auded.
The legislation enacted by congress
due* not by any means measure the
attention congress his given during
the jmsf two years to th# needs of
tgrlPUltuiR. People who have not
been familiar with what has been go
Irtg on lu congress can little appre
ciate Iho exhaustive study which the
'‘ipprOpri.'Ue committees of congress
havo given to our agricultural prob
lems.
Day after day. and week after
week, ami month after month these
committee .Whave held hearings They
have considered every conceivable
measure suggested for relief. They
have listened patiently to all who
came to them. They enacted legisla
tion which suenied to promise real
help. They did not enact all the
measures which were suggested, ho
eatiee after the most exhaustive study
they he. iime convinced that sin h
measures would not only lie no help
hut might aggravate an already had
situation.
On back with me for Just one
glance, in conclusion, at ihe steps
which have marked the rise of agri
culture to this. Its new estate. We
need to go back hut a few goncra
lions lo the lime when the title to
land represented no more than the
Whim of a de-ipot or the shifting and
uncertain fortune* of a military ad
venturer The agricultural workei
was a serf, a mete human chattel,
hound to the *' II no which lie lived
and lo the servt. >• of the particular
adventurer who at the moment. In
the permutations of fortunes and of
favor, chained to hold the land
In the view of his n istera h« had
no right* which could command re
spent, hla political status was nil,
und he was permitted the least pos-sl
Me share In the fruits of his toll on
which hr could keep toget her his soul
If Indeed It were conceded that lie
had a soul—and Ills body, so as to
perform the grueling loll of tasks that
were regarded n« utterly menial. All
agricultural operations were crude, In
k
efficient, barbaric. The great light
with which science and organization
and efflicient methods have illumined
the art of agriculture had not yet
cast Its first feebls rays over the
desolate and dehumanized landscape
of the rural countryside. The old
time picture is one to make women
weep and men despair of their kind.
Inspired by Visions.
But somehow the life of the open
places, under a Rky which inspired
always the longing for a fair chance;
somehow the daily touch with the
mighty fores of mother nature In
all her wondrous moods; somehow the
dim realization that there was yet
something beyond and above the
squalor and misery of his immediate
surroundings— somejiow. through
the centuries of his serfdom, these
things kept the farmer mindful of
possibilities for better times and
friendlier fates; kept him longing
for liberty; inspired him in the age
long struggle to lift himself up to a
wider vision of life; moved him to
eternal revolt against the fetters
which bound; gave him courage for
the seemingly hopeless conflict with
destiny.
The centuries passed, and untold
millions went to their graves de
sparilrtg. But other millions follow
ed. to seize the torch and bear It a
little farther on the road. The slave
became a villein, the villein a peas
ant, and yet the grim struggle went
on, with political rights and economic
emancipation as its twin goals. Pain
fully. doggedly, the men of the soil
tolled under their dual burden of
furnishing sustenance for humanity
and keeping alight the flame of that
consuming purpose to achieve free
dom and human equality.
Down to times so near our own
that they ai# but the yesterdays of
history, the outcome of the struggle
seemed in doubt. But mankinds
darkest hour was followed by the
dawn. The vast structure of artifice
and selfishness which had been built
and supported by the soil at length
crumbled under its own weight of
futility and corruption. The revolu
fionary movements of the Ifcth cen
tury, the reformations of the early
19th, the spread of knowledge, the
rise of invention and growth of in
dustrialism—all these combined to
extort from tyranny the recognition
of human rights. The man of the
land had won his first battle; the hat
tie for a place in the political sys
tem.
Struggle Is Difficult.
The economic struggle was longer
and harder, because it had to be
waged against preconceptions and
prejudices which through the ages
had driven their roots deep into the
very fundamentals of human nature
Itself It was not possible, all at once,
to establish the conception that the
tiller of the soil, ignored through
centuries, must now be taken into full
fellowship with the favored of the
earth.
Sometimes I think it more interest
ing to recall the more modern process
of emancipation, because it will bring
reminders to quell needless insur
gency and suggest at least that mod
erate contentment whit'll will tend to
b!-as,
I can well recall the making of
Kansas, and the nearby states of the
Mississippi and Missouri valleys. That
was when farming was more a strug
gle for subsisrer.ee than a contest in
Industry. That was back in covered
wagon days, when the men of Ohio,
and bordering staff*!, migrated w- t
ward, too poor to come with family
and possessions by rail, where rail
travel was possible, so they build- d
their wagons, loaded all their material
possessions which the wagon w uld
carry, crowned the cargo with the
family, and drove westward under the
glow of the star of empire. A few
returned, but the great majority dug
in. battled with nature and her ele
ments, and conquered.
In those grim days there were no
motor cars, no electric lights The'
cracky wagon, now forgotten in our 1
lexicons, or the spring wagon, double
seated, was the luxury of travel, and;
The kerosene Limp had recently put)
the tallow dip to shame. Ten dollars
in rash in the family purse was an in
ordinate excess, and a hundred dollars
cash balance for the year's trade was
success extraordinary. Nowadays ife
expend more money for gasoline go
ing to and from town In one w->ek
thin was spent for kerosene to lllu
mine the home for a whole year a
generation or two ago. The farm
emancipation in thin country has been
apace with other advancement,
though there are inevitably period*
of unbalanced price relationship*, the
reflexes of supply and demand, which
have vexed and discouraged.
New I’roblenm Arise.
There is no escaping the relativity
of outlay to income. The sane prac
tice is to make sure that the outlay
is less than income, hut it is some
how inherent in our lives that we pay
more or less as we receive. I can re
call when my annual offering to the
church was |1, and it was considered
ample. But it cost me more, and
I gladly paid, when my annual earn
ing expanded. We live very much ac
cording to our Incomes. It Is proper
that we should. The citizen who
skimps and denies while the tide of
good fortune Is flooding is often ac
claimed a miser and an undersirable
citizen.
My point is that agricultural em
ancipation has brought itp problems
as well as liberation. The blue sky
stock salesman can dissipate a farm
surplus with ready facility, and ex
travagance on the farm is no less cost
ly than In palatial city homes. I arn
sorry that simple rural life is too
often giving away to modern extrav
agances. In the rise and fall of na
tions, in the peaceful conquest for hu
man advancement, the simple-living
peoples will make the long survival
and record the notable triumphs.
It Is good to contemplate the poli
tical, social, economic and financial
equility of the American farmer, good
to confirm his title to all the in
strumentalities and facilities which
make for success In other activities,
because he is the supreme contribu
tor to human welfare. And he brings
another invaluable asset to our re
public. He has been and must con
tinue to be the anchorage of depend
able public opinion when ephemeral
whims are appealing and storms cf
passion play. The farmer, better than
all other toilers in our community
life, has learned that only the re
ward-* of endeavor spur humanity
on to larger achievement. He fully
appraises property rights and the
necessity of their preservations. In
spite of his adversities, the farmer
has never failed as the stalwart de
fender of the American heritage. In
I his fuller participation, the American
j farmer must continue to be the
I stabilizer of sentiment and the de
fender of our fundamentals upon
which is builded the republic which
wrought his emancipation.
Record of Leviathan
Lauded by Passengers
(Continued From Page One.I
to offend while letting our own in
terests suffer. We get no apologies
in British aggression. Our states
men ran not compete with Balfour
and the generations of trained diplo
mats that preceded him. I hope we
are waking up and will claim what
belongs to us."
Representative Britten, republican,
of Illinois, said:
"Today's advertisement to the
whole world that an American mer
chant ship had smashed ail speed
records justifies this trip. The criti
cism that came from American
sources was unpatriotic."
Justifies Test Voyage.
Representative M'Fadden, republi
can, of Pennsylvania said:
"Certain refect* in the engineering
and operation prove the necessity of
giving the ship a severe transatlsn
tic test voyage."
Representative Madden of Illinois
said he expected a revival of the!
fight for the ship subsidy. Cithers be-i
lieved the government would continue;
to operate the ships indefinitely.
Member* of the shipping boar i
expressed confidence that congress j
would authorize two 112,000.000 shin*;
to aid the Atlantic service, from
funds already available The Agi
memnon is regarded as wosthless fori
recondition, but it is possible that!
the Mount Vernon could be won- mic
put into shape.
The Leviathan's position at noon;
was 150 miles southeast of Cape
Henlopen. There was a fog and th*’
navigators could hardly see 100 feet
nh'ad.
President Goes Into
Ripening Wheat Fields
(Continued From Cage One.)
O'Neal's estimate of $15 an acre coat
of production.
Figure Out Coat.
"Let's figure it out," he said. a* he
got out pencil and paper. And there
in the middle of the golden field they
put their heads together and figured.
The computation of the cost, when
they finally completed It, read like
this:
Interest on capital value on land,
$5.
Plowing. $1 50.
Harrowing, .25.
Drilling, .33.
Harvesting, $2 50.
Threshing. $2.50.
Hauling. .75.
Seeding, .85.
Total. $13.40, *
‘‘Arid," said O'Neal, "that is not in
eluding taxes, which on th s land run
about $1.80 an aefie
President Impressed.
The president wag impressed.
The field experience of the president
was the high light of the most
strenuous day he has engaged in since
leaving the capital, and he thoroughly
enjoyed it. Mrs. Harding's enjoyment
was no less keen.
From the train, the president and
Mrs. Hard.ng and members of their
party were taken for a drive through
the waving golden fields of Reno coun
ty. At Chester O'Neal's farm they
stopped.
An audience of about a hundred
farmers, their wives and children and
"hired hands" had gathered there in
anticipation of their ceming For half
an hour the Hardings mingled demo
cratically in the stubble field, exchang
ing gossip and farm talk."
Has Picture Taken.
The president had h.s picture taken
with little Mary Jane Dyson. IX
months o!d, and they both seemed to
enjoy it. Mary Jane wag unafraid
and clung tightly to the lapel of the
president's coat for some time after
the photographers had finished shoot
ing.
When somebody commented upon
the fact that Mary Jane seemed to
be bearing her honors with dignity
and courage, her proud father ex
claimed:
' Aw, she ain't afraid of aft vthing'"
The president was a little reluctant
to demonstrate his wheat cutting
abilities before sc critical an audience,
but under the insistence of Governor
Davis. Senator Capper and the farm
ers, he consented to try it.
He explained first, however, that
his wheat rutting experience had been
with a team of horses, or going still
further taek, with the scythe, when
the sheaves were bound and shocked
by hand. The snorting tractor was
something new.
Proves Kfficient Driter.
He finally mounted the seat, bow
er, remarking to the driver, whom
he displaced: . .
"I'm afraid these people are trying
to get me in good with Henry Ford.'*
The president proved a very effi
cient driver. He went straight as an
arrow down the long, clean lines of
the wheat, and his only mistake was
being a bit skittish on the turns. He
did it so well, however, that it merit
ed the congratulations from the real
farmers who made up hi* audience,
and he got down from his perch,
brushing off the grasshoppers and
apparently well pleased.
From the wheat field, the president
went to a luncheon at which many
leading Kansans were present ar.d
they further impressed on him the
dissatisfaction of the farmers of this ,
s»Ktion.
The president's long speech at the
fair grounds was. for the most part,
received with respectful attention.
The greatest outburst of applause
name when Mr Harding observed that
"the firmer has received nothing
more than was coming to him." They
liked that and applauded.
Front the fair grounds, with its
perspiring, shirt sleeved crowd, the
president was taken to the local golf
toursr fi,r a f< w holes, and late in the
•fternoon departed for Denver, where
he is due to arrive Sunday morning
for a Monday speech on law enforce ,
tnent.
Fashion Parades
in Broadway’s
Musical Shows
Peggy Joyce to Wear $50,000
Wrap—“‘Faith Healer"’ Is r
Flayed hv Press—Dilling
ham Gives Million.
By SI.ME SILVERMAN
Written Kiiimalv for CnlYrrMl Service.
New York, June 23.—Fashion pa
rades in Broadway revues this sum
mer will see their start next week in
Earl Carroll's "Vanities of 1923.”
One scene of that piece will he de
voted to furs, 3250.000 worth, fur
nished by a New York firm, with Peg
gy Joyce to appear in it encased in
a 350,000 ermine coat wearing all of
the Jewels she £is acquired to date In
her career. They are said to equal
31,500.000 cost price.
The other parade, of clothes only,
will be in "Fashions of 1923.” the new
revue Alexander Leftwich is produc
ing for the Lyceum. Mercantile men
are reported acting as the financial
sponsors of both productions.
Denounce "Healer."
Dr. W. B. Thompson, known over
hf ^e as a faith healer,” and Yvho has
been appearing in English theaters
under the name of Pharus. offering
to cure all ills, has been denounced
by London nw-gpapers. The "Daily
Sketch" called Pharus an undesirable
alien and demanded he he deported.
The Evening Standard" termed him
a charlatan.
"Pharus" declined to give a test at
the Miller General hospital last Satur
day alleging the committee refused to
permit him to take along assistants
or witnesses.
Musical R-view Flash.
A clash of scene* and ideas for
sical revues has occurred in two
rent Broadway productions opening
within the week.
The attractions are the Bhuberts'
"Passing Bhow" at the Winter Garden
and White's "Scandals'' at the Globe.
The Bhuberts presented their "Pass
ing Show" before White's "Scandals"
oould reach the Globe, "heating"
White to Broadway by four days.
I* is an unprecedented theatrical sit
uation for two big summer shews to
hcild several similar scenes while ap
pealing to the same theater patrons.
A further aggravation for shew pro
ducers in general la that most of the
conflicting scenes are based on orig
inals from abroad.
Another clash may happen net
week when the new edition of "Z.eg
feld Follies" at the New Amsterdam
will carry a scene the other two shows
have.
"Enemies of Women."
The American picture productior
(Cosmopolitan) of "Enemies of Wom
en,” is a pronounced success on its
opening week at the Empire theater.
London, according to a cable this
week to "Variety." Manager Silves
ter of Paris’ most fashionable theater,
the Vaudeville, is negotiating to run
the picture there during thi* sum
mer.
Bums In Mo visa.
Robert Burns, the S ottish poet. w-.Il
- »
water's next play It will follow bT
author's "Robert E Lee" to be first
produced in England, as was Drink
water's "Lincoln."
Charles Dillingham has achieved a
lifetime's ambition "to give' someone
a million." He did it in Vienna the
other day—one million kronen to a
hotel porter for a tip. In cash in
America, said Dillingham, that was
114._
EAT IN COMFORT
At th« Henthaw CaMmi
It Is tha
Cx»!e*t
Cafeteria
tn
Omaha
BEATTY'S
Henshaw Cafeteria
Hotel Hen»h*w
---
I
Ail-Boy—Boy-Alls
Q With Child’s Xante
0,1 hi very Car meat
1
These sturdy garments will meet all requirements
of a playtime outfit, for they are cool, comfortable, easy
to slip into, amt will withstand the roughest games.
Seams are bar tacked to prevent ripping, buttons are
riveted through the cloth so that they cannot possibly
come off. Made of good quality
Blue fienim Khaki Striped Denim
Either in solid color or with rod trimming. In two styles:
round Dutch collar, hut toned down the back, or roil collar and x
buttoned down the front.
Tomboy Alls Pair 98c
A little girl, too, many he a comfortably dressed as her
brother. Tom Hoyalls are sturdy play suits, made peg topped with
square neck, short sleeves; blue with red trimming, dust as satis
factory for girls as they are for boys, ."sires 2 to S years.
The Child's Name Put on Every Garment
As a special feature for t hi - wick we will embroider the
individual name of the child on every garment on « special
machine which has been installed on our third floor absolutely
without charge.
Third I loot.