The Morning Bee MORNING—EVENING—SUNDAY THE BEE PUBLISHING COMPANY NEIAON B. UPDIKE, Publisher. B. BREWER. Gen. Manager. MEMBER OF THE ASSOCIATED PRESS Tfc« AaeocUted Pram. of which The Bee la a member, la etolaatrelr entitled to the uee lot retmMleatton of all newe dlapatchee credited to It et aot otherwiae credited ta thle paper, and aleo the local newe pwbllahed herma. All rtchta of repabUeatlooe at our epeolal dlepaichee are aleo tmarred BEE TELEPHONES Private Branch Exchange. Aak for tka Department AT Untie or Perron Wanted. For Night Cal la After 10 P. M.: IAm Editorial Dapartment. AT lantie 1021 or 1042. 1UUU OFFICES Mein Office—17th and Farnam Co. Bloffa --it Scott St. So. Side. N W. Cor. 24th and N Nam York—286 Fifth Avenue • Walking ton • . 422 Star Bldg. Chicago - • - 1720 Stager Bldg. Parle, Franca—420 Rue St. Honor* THE WEST’S DEMANDS. Western senators and congressmen are about a unit in demanding that the Smith-McNary bill be enacted into law. The Smith-McNary bill is cal culated to do for reclamation interests what the merchant marine bill is calculated to do for Ameri can shipping; and certainly one is of as much im portance as the other. The great difference between them is that the subsidy paid to American vessels does not find its way back into the public treasury, while the funds set aside by the Smith-McNary bill are merely loans upon the best security in the world—western farm lands—and eventually repaid from the profits made by raising products upon land now useless because of lack of water. The one great mistake in the reclamation serv ice was in believing that repayment could be made in too short a time. Ten years was the limit first set, but this time has had to be extended, but even the extension provided was not enough, owing to the ignorance of eastern representatives, and the apparent lack of proper explanation on the part of western representatives. Right now hundreds of farmers in the irrigated districts of Nebraska are facing bankruptcy because of high water charges and their inability to pay them from the sale of products on a market that shows a loss over the actual cost of production. If congress is really de sirous of extending help to somebody, then its first concern should be for those who produce the prod ucts that make possible a merchant marine. The Smith-McNary bill provides a revolving fund of $250,000,000 for the reclamation service, to be used in rapidly completing present reclama tion projects now under way, and beginning and completing projects approved but held in abeyance oecause of lack of funds. This fund is to be main tained by repayments from the owner of reclaimed lands, whether they be irrigated lands of the west, the reclaimed swamp lands of the south or the cut over lands of the north. It entails no loss to the federal treasury, being in effect a loan without in terest with a security that is doubly ample. And with the enactment of the Smith-McNary bill should come a speedy reorganization of the entire reclama tion service, to the end that it speed up its work, thus reducing the final cost to the land owners. As usual with all government work, the overhead is entirely too great for the actual work done. ASTORIA’S PAST AND PRESENT. Conflagration, started by an incendiary torch ac cording to the belief of the mayor, has turned at tention to one of the historic towns of the great northwest. Following the exploration of Lewis and Clarke, and building on the reports of various adven turers, John Jacob Astor flung his challenge in the face of the Hudson Bay company, and set up a trad ing post at the mouth of the Columbia 112 years ago. Astor had competed in the Omaha territory with the British and the French, and with success, but he sought to seize and hold an empire. Many accounts have been written of the trip around the Horn of the vessels of the Astor expedi- j tion. Puget sound was the original destination, ac cording to the most reliable accounts, but wind and wave had a part in determining the outcome. Over the bar at the mouth of the great Columbia the Astor vessel rode and Astoria was founded. It was the first American settlement on the Pacific coast. In 1787 Captain Robert Gray, sailing from Boston, had visited the region, and had continued his voyage westward to China, and thence to his home port, being the first to carry the Stars and Stripes around the world. In 1792 Captain Gray returned to the region, sailing from Boston again, and this time en countered Captain George Vancouver, who was in command of an English vessel and looking out for the interests of the Northwest company. Gray’s Harbor was discovered and named for Gray on this voyage. On these beginnings and that of Astoria rested the claim of the United States that finally settled the boundary between this country and British Col umbia. One of the most interesting chapters of our history is written around Astoria and the rivalry between the fur traders. That the historic place has suffered so severely is most regrettable, but it will rise again, for it has commercial as well as sen timental value. HOW TO BUILD A STADIUM. The oft-repeated anecdote of the three stone cutters, one of whom was working for the union scale of wages, the second was cutting stone, and the third was building a cathedral, is getting elo quent application in Nebraska just now. Students at the University of Nebraska have long realized the need of an adequate athletic field. Team after team has been compelled to do its train ing and put on its exhibition contests wherever the athletic director or coach could find a place. Once, when Nebraska was coming to the fore in football, big games were played in Omaha. It was here the championship was won several times by the Scarlet and Cream. The fair grounds at Lincoln, the State Farm, and other places afforded the athletes a place to work, but none of them met the needs of the teams. In time a gymnasium was erected, but it is tar too small to accommodate the student body at this time. Then came the present football field, a great improvement on anything that preceded it, but soon outgrown, as the prowess of Nebraska in creased and the fame of the Coinhuskers spread. “If you want a thing well done, do it yourself,” said the alumni of Nebraska. Each of them has been through the mill at Lincoln, and each knows , what is necessary. So the subscription fund for the construction of the stadium, that will seat 40, 000 and accommodate all the teams and games has gone over big. These former students at Nebraska Uni were not merely building a stadium. They were erecting a monument to their own faith and loyalty in the great school that has realized something of the dreams of its founders, and that is truly growing greater with each passi- ; year. The stadium next year will show the wov' i what the boys and girls of Nebraska, now grown into men and women, mean to do for their state in days to come. NEBRASKAN FOR THE RESERVE BOARD. Under the law President Harding is expected to appoint one member of the Federal Reserve board who is a real “dirt farmer.” One might be of the opinion that the only thing a farmer knows about banking is that a bank is a place to go to pay in terest; some also borrow money there. In very truth, the successful farmer of the modern school is fairly well up to the minute on economic as well as political questions. Nebraska has many of these, for Nebraska has been sending her boys and girls to school, and then back to the farm, where they have added all the abstract and theoretical knowl edge gathered up in the class room to the concrete and practical information accumulated on the farm, and the result is a type of farmer who knows a hawk from a handsaw, and is not bumptious about it. One of these is now being offered to President Harding for a place on the Federal Reserve board, Arthur J. Weaver of Richardson county, or Falls City, to get at his postoflice. Mr. Weaver is a dirt farmer, and knows the game all around the year, for he has worked at it and made it pay. He is also a lawyer, good enough to preside over the late constitutional convention. The advanced ideas of that charter for Nebraska’s liberty under the law owe much of their value to his skill and care in shaping the form in which they are embodied in the fundamental law of the state. He is a business man, and is not a politician. If Mr. Harding is looking for a man to grace his judgment, to bring ability and experience to a diffi cult task, and in whom farmers will have confidence, Nebraska offers him “Art” Weaver. A QUESTION OF MUSICAL APPRECIATION. One may well suspect that those American Le gion men who objected to a concert by Madame Gad ski lack musical appreciation. It may be assumed al so that the commander of the California Legion, who has given out the word that there is no reason why ex-service men should take offense at her sing ing, has a better ear for harmony, and is not a whit less patriotic than the objectors. Music, art and science—these are three things that know nothing of race, creed or national bound- ; aries. It is readily apparent that a scientific dis covery is no less true because the moral character of its proponent is bad. The art of Benvenuto Cel lini is no less beautiful because he was a scamp. Nor have the political or patriotic views of Madame Gadski the slightest effect on the sweet tones of her voice. It may be that some music lovers are unable to enjoy' her art to the full because of her having been the wife of a man imprisoned during the war as a German spy. The natural thing for them to do is to stay away from her concerts and let those go who do not thus confuse politics and music. There is little enough beauty in the world, and those who have the power to create it should not be hampered by those who would censor their personal views before allowing it to be produced and enjoyed. NEWBERRY’S SUCCESSOR. A plain business man, James Couzens of Detroit, has been appointed by the governor of Michigan to fill the seat vacated by Senator Newberry. There are many reasons to expect him to become one of the outstanding figures in Washington. For this is a man who has faith in the people, trust in democ racy and a high determination to apply the ordinary principles of good business to the process of gov ernment. Couzens made an immense fortune from a lucky investment in the scheme of Henry Ford, yet when he dropped out of the business, he was not content to live idly on his income. His interest in public affairs led him first to accept the office of police commissioner of Detroit. There he came into con stant conflict with organized vice and the ward po litical machines, but won the confidence of the peo ple. Then he was elected mayor, for two terms. As a practical man, he handled the many diffi cult situations confronting a city of spectacular growth without undue regard to past methods and without fear of adopting new ideas to meet the needs of the time. Detroit had perhaps the worst street railway system in the country. It was outgrown and inadequate. Mayor Couzens built a municipal line and later induced the city to buy the old lines. This was not in deference to any theory, but simply a business man's way of meeting a problem that bad to be solved. There are no tags on Senator Couzens; he be longs to no special group and is not bent on ad vancing his own political fortune or any personal hobby. His aim is simply to get things done. Con gress needs more men of this type. At last the army balloons will be filled with helium, the noninflammable gas. If this could have been arranged sooner there would have been many fewer lives lost. A star has been discovered that speeds through space at the rate of 2,500,000 miles an hour, a record that no automobile speeder can hope to attain. The shipment of 2,700,000 eggs this season from a Grand Island creamery is something for Nebraska to cackle about. Wreckless driving is what is wanted in Omaha, but too many motorists are dropping the “w.” I ---— Mediocrity and Individuality -I*rof. John Dewey, The New Kepublic. Mr. George B. Cutten in his inaugural address as president of Colgate university recently informed us that it is now “discovered’’ that "only 15 per cent of the people have sufficient intelligence to get through college.” From this "discovery" he draws the con clusion that as we have never had a real .democracy, so "the low level of the intelligence of the people will not permit of our having one." Ho not only makes the undeniable statement that we are ruled by an aristocracy in industry, com merce, professions and government, but he terms this aristocracy an intellectual aristocracy! The adjective seems Incredible. But President Cutten thinks there is the same scientific warrant for assuming that con spicuous success under present conditions is a sign of innate intellectual superiority as for saying that 25 per cent of the population are mentally subnormal and that only 15 per cent are capable of higher education. \Ve may be thought to ignore the interest which many testers have shown in pupils of superior abili ties. For some the testers tell us that one of the chief beneficial consequences of testing is that it en ables us to pick otit the superior tenth, to rescue the saving remnant from the ruck in which they are now submerged. But the seeming exception proves the rule. The idea of classification still fatally pursues and dominates. "Superior" is still a classiflcatory word. The size of the class is reduced, say from a million to a hundred thousand. But what kind of superiority marks a particular individual is still unrevealed to us. If there prevailed from the elementary school up the kind of inquiring and creative education which Presi dent Cutten desires for the college, perhaps democ racy, In spite of native inequalities and inferiorities, would not be in such a parlous condition. Until we have tried the educational experiment, we simply do not know what Individual capacities and limits really are. For it is not just the quantity of our education which is confessedly at fault; it is its quality, its spirit, method and aim. Demand for Lower State Taxes Nebraska Editors Point Out Methods by Which New State Administration Might Conserve the People’s Money. Blair Pilot. Don C. Van Peusen: State taxes may he reduced by the new adminis tration and they may not, since the legislature has the say so. They might be raised. In our opinion thegr cannot be lowered by doing away with the code bill and the budget sys tem. which the elected legislature won't and should not do. They should not be lowerd by stopping our state and federal road program. Neither should the auto license tax be lowered. State expenses should be cut to the lowest possible point and preserve efllcieney. New buildings for state institutions could be cut out if possible. Many of tis would like to have things we cannot afford. Un der present circumstances, this should be the attitude of the state govern ment. The fund for law enforcement should not be cut if the cut would mean lax enforcemeent. Most of us want taxes reduced, but we weakeen when it comes to the definite items. That is what tho legislature will find when it gets to grinding next month. Incidentally, the legislature might cut Its employes to the minimum and tho session be shortened. That would help some. tiering Midwest. Will Maupln: The ono great burden of taxation, heretofore cheerfully borne, has been for the support of the schools. So long as those who paid these taxes hud the chief voice in the expenditures the burden was not unduly heavy. But a centraliz ed system of management has been foisted upon the people under the guise of "higher education," and a lit tle educational hierarchy now adds to the burden by exacting conditions that do not fit our local schools, but com pel us to ignore in large measure the educational welfare of 08 per cent of the children in order that 2 per cent may be fitted for the university. Our local schools are no longer hooked up with our community life, but hooked up with something indefinite and far off. The solution is to central ize; to give the control of local schools back to local authority and make the community school the big factor in community development. Cut out the overhead, get down to practical things, and make education a practi cal development Instead of a process of mental stuffing. 1 believe our school taxes may be reduced 35 per cent without any decrease in effi ciency. Norfolk Press. Marie Weekes: Make no appropria tions on the 50-50 plan which permits the state to exploit the taxiwyer 50 per cent while the federal government rolls him for the other 60. Lei's get back to normalcy in educational mat ters, and while giving every boy and girl a free, broad and fundamental ed ucation let the individual who seeks special privileges along this line pay for them. Cut down on the agencies that are reaching out to control the individual, the home and the school. Let’s get back to the good old demo cratic "states rights” and eliminate the "overloads.” Bloomington Advocate. P. M. Crane: Use the same econ omy in running the state as is used in taking care of private business. Cut off the state inspectors and make those kept do double the duty. The adoption of a budget system and liv ing up to it will help. Quit matching dollars with Uncle Sam. See that the people get $1 value in service for every dollar in taxes paid. The biggest part of the taxes come from the local governments, where the economy should start in. Kearney Ilub. M. A. Brown: Requirements of university, normal schools and state Institutions prohibit retrenchments in those directions. Highway taxation must lie maintained, directly or in directly. There can be healthy elim inations in state departments, bu reaus, etc., by removing duplication and overlapping. Three persons should not be employed to do the work of two, and it should not he possible for one person to hold the job and employ a second person to do the work. A program cannot be formulated. Common sense must pre vail. Falls City .loumal. Aaron Davidson: Taxes will auto matically tie reduced to the lowest possible level consistent witli good government when tlie affairs of the state will be conducted with the ef ficiency of a private business. Over lapping of work to supply plums for political workers have helped swell taxes, and the elimination of this evil will be a great step toward tax re duction. Scottsbluff News. George Grimes: Tax reduction should begin with the county, and should include the state. Then the first duty of every public official who takes office the first of the year should be to keep every expense within his control at minimum. The governor and the legislature should earnestly seek to kep expenses at a minimum, shun the costly business of matching I dollars with the national government and reduce the length of the payroll. Nelson Gazette. We are unable to figure any likli hooil of a material reduction In taxes in the Immediate future, although we have in mind the prediction prom ises made to do so. Twentieth cen tury customs have brought about big plans and some inexcusable extrava gance in public affairs. There should be more rigid economy and the pay roll might be cut somewhat by re ducing the number of employes, and still meet all legitimate requirements. Taxes pay for the privileges and the protection we enjoy as citizens of a great commonwealth, and the cost is largely what we make it. But there should be no favorites. All should pay their just share. This is not be. ing done. In Nebraska the principal resource comes from the farm and for it to prosper it must not be bur dened beyond its equitable propor tion. The capitalist and the salaried class, who control legislation to a very great degree, are not paying their full share, in fact, many no share at all. Hasten the day when there will be no tax exemption, nor tax-free securities. Then, with proper economy and efficiency, the per capita tax may be materially reduced. Levy taxes on actual incomes, rather than acres of land or visible property possessed, and the cry of ctass against NET AVERAGE CIRCULATION for NOVEMBER, 1922, of THE OMAHA BEE Daily.73,843 Sunday .78,105 B. BREWER. Gen. Mgr. ELMER S. ROOD, Cir. Mgr. Sworn to and subscribed before me I this 5th day of December, 1922. W. H. QUIVEY, 1 (Seal) Notary Public class anil of high taxes will lie ma- [ terially reduced. . ... , « Geneva .Signal. Frank O. Edgecombe: Available in formation indicates reduction must be made in dollar swapping with fed eral government. If there are other state institutions needing additional housing facilities as badly as the In dustrial school for girls at Geneva needs them, it would be cruel neglect to deny reasonable relief through ad ditional buildings. Fairtmry Journal. W. F. Crumb: The way to reduce taxes is to reduce. Each and every department of the state should be carefully scrutinized and the non essentials ruthlessly pruned. The sanctity of education should be laid aside for the time and our school system completely overhauled and its control returned to the people. The system is top heavy. There are pro fessors in our state university and state normal schools who are doing the people more harm than good, and others who are teuching subjects which have no place in any sane sys tem of education. Thirty years ago and previously, two-thirds of the students in the state university believed that unless they studied Eatin and Greek they would not be educated; today it is "business administration.'' Which period had the correct idea? To train the mind, the hand and the soul is the purpose of education; beyond that is folly. It is the everspreading out and ever taking on more subjects that is break ing down our educational system and making tt an intolerable burden upon the people. Let the motto of the in coming administration in Nebraska be, "The fads must go; we will sup port the essentials liberally.” Seward Independent. Mrs. F. W. Mickel: In answer to the question, how best may the taxes be reduced by the new administration, I will propose more efficiency all along the line of state employes, but no par ing of state appropriations. The New Stale. Joseph Gilbert: There is no way to greatly reduce state taxes as long as the public demands good schools, good roads, protection to health and prop erty. and the various advantages now derived from state activities. It is true thaat rigid economy practiced in conducting the affairs of the state will effect some saving, but not to any considerable extent. It is possi ble, however, for the state to engage in some productive enterprises, such us elevators, storage warehouses, packing plants and other profit mak ing industries now the subject of monopolies, and by serving the pub lic in this manner reap a small prolit which can bo applied to other state needs, instead of as now these profits going to private corporations for such services. In this manner these prof its going to the state would lessen to that extent the necessity for taxes. The only alternative in the matter for reducing state taxes is to deprive our selves of tho many advantages now enjoyed through state activities sup ported by taxation. Seward Blade. Mrs. K. E. Betzer: I would not de prive the state of the state sheriff, for then intoxicated drivers will throng our state highways, a menace to motorists. The small sum of 19 cents state tax is tno small to argue over, but, please, Mr. Bryan, do not do anything to lessen the comfort of our state's unfortunate charges. ADVERTISE. fm Jest a common geezer, I’m lookin’, like the rest To find the place where I can buy the cheapest and the best; I ain't got time to travel around from store to store. And grab the biggest bargains—my trampin' days Is o'er. I scan the daily papers and generally set my mind Tty readin' advertisin' what bargains I can find; But ev’ry day some feller whose friend has got a store Is tollin' how his prices Is clear down on the floor. Wal, mebby so, but bearin' ain't seein', you can bet And 1 ain't never guessln’ on what I want to get. % The paper's alius willin', I wonder In sur prise Why that there bargain merchant his stuff don't advertise. I epos.* a lot of people Is pretty tight like me, And has to squeeze their pennies and spend ’em carefully. But here and there's a merchant who's groanin’ in dismay Because he's got the bargains and still can’t make it pay. Wal, we don’t know about It—that’s where the trouble lies, And so again I’ll shout It—-why don’t he advertise? ROBERT WORTHINGTON DAVIE. Bum Sports. Russia demands the recognition of open straits. It’s just like those bol sheviki—they'll want bobtailed flush es legitimatized next.—Life. Hip-Pocket Money. The bail of a bootlegger in New York was placed at $101,000. It took nearly all his small change.—Life. Kath arine Newlin Burt proves that the most powerful stories are not necessarily written by men. See The Eagle’s Feather, drama of the W eat in JANUARY (osmopolitan at newsstands SAVE 25 to 50% on Any Kind of Typewriter We sell all kinds, guar antee them to give 100% service and back up our words with action. All-Makes Typewriter Co. 205 South 18th Street Your Choice of Worries A90UT HAVIN *0 LITTLE Coal. look-, like *i«. v&oik)’ T'0?eeLE_^l'Ke./ Im worried about HAVltf' tO MUCH COAL. LOOK* Litre LOT* OF FOLK* AR£ , 14/U.LTA* “The People’s Voice* Editorials (rom readers of The Morning Bee. Readers of The Morning Bee are invited to use this column free If for expression on matters of public | interest. A Woman Motorist Replies. Kearney, Neb.—To the Editor of The Omaha Bee: As one of the many women drivers of automobiles today, I feel that a “Real Man's” letter which appeared in Saturday's paper should not remain unanswered, for he ought to know that when ho starts anything like that he is going to get all that’s coming to him, and partic ularly for being so complimentary as to call woman drivers “public men aces.” * His percentage was very “reason able”—nine out of every ten. If nine out of every ten women drivers to day are public menaces, a good share of the blame can be placed upon the men themselves, for nine out of every ten women get their driving lessons from some male member of the fam ily, who puts them in the driver's seat, shows them how to stop and start, then turns them loose, never losing an opportunity from that time on to criticise their technique instead of taking the time to show that a car has more to it than a wheel to steer with, a clutch, brake and throt tle ,Co step on, and a seat to sit in. In the event that one has the ex treme egotism to call themselves a “real man,” would it not behoove them, (in case they know anything about a car), to assist women drivers in the art of driving well instead of handing them packages because, per haps, some lady honked the horn in his ear when he was looking the wrong direction for traffic on his side of the street. I have driven a ear for 10 years, and not always where prairie dogs and gophers live, and have nothing to my discredit yet. Speaking of women who lie to al lay the blame when they have an ac cident. they haven't a thing on the men, for in our line of work we meet Just those very people, and the men are there and over when it comes to "passing the buck” in regard to the blame. Also, while you are chalking up the scores against women drivers, don't he too careless, and you might reverse the debit side of the ledger before you get through, and if you care to, you can lind plenty of wo men drivers willing to compete with any “real men" for driving honors, and for brain work when it comes to a pinch. A WOMAN DRIVER. Christmas Tree Vandalism. Alpena, Mich—To the Editor of The Omaha Bee: Like other Ne braska people, I have always sup posed that Christmas trees were taken only where they stood too close to gether. and this in effect was really a benefit to the remaining trees. But for several days I have been out with other men cutting Christmas trees for shipment, and 1 find that evergreen trees which stand very dose are not the right shape and few are taken. As a rule the best shaped trees are taken, regardless of location or their future value as lumber. So trivial a matter as ownership will not save a tree. Trees too large are cut down and the top taken. To nry mind this is an unnecessary sacrifice of one of our most valuable of natural resources and one which only an awakened public sentiment can pre vent. T. It. JONES, Alpena, Mich. A Book oj Today - “'Church Street," by Jean Carter Cohran (Westminster Press) 1* a col lection of stones of American village life. It is a village in New Jersey which is pictured, but the delightful sketches might have been written about many others. There are nearly 500 periodicals published by negroes in the United States. Prof. Frederick G. Detweiler has made an illuminating study of their volume and influence in "The Negro Press in the United States" (University of Chicago Press). Mllllcent Newberry, the simple “sleuth," solves another of the tnys trles written by Jeannette Lee. “The Mysterious Office" (Scribner’s) is a de tective story made in the style which has secured many readers for Miss Lee, who has a style and finish about her writing that Is most attractive. Walter Cordon Merritt, counsel for the League for Industrial Rights, gives the conservative viewpoint of reeent. Industrial history, in a little pamphlet, "The Struggle for Indus trial Liberty.” It Is especially di rected ngainst unionism and the | closed shop. It la published by the league Fifty of the most familiar of our proverbs are traced In all their forms In different lands in Dwight Edwards Marvin's “The Antiquity of Proverbs" (Putnam). Many of aur maxims, as we know, are old folk sayings, and Mr. Marvin has performed a service in collecting variants and precursors. In these days of unemployment the question of health insurance and the relief of sickness is important. Mr. Gerald Morgan has written a discus sion of these problems In America and Europe. "Public Relief of Sick ness" (Macmillan). His conclusion is that medical benefits should he pro vlded by state-aided health organiza tions, to be developed on the principle of the pay dispensary, cash compen sation for loss of wages to bo left to compulsory health insurance. Four ounces —an konest quarter pound of BAKER’S Caracas Sweet Chocolate Pure—wholesome—delicious Made from only High grade Caracas cocoa, pure cane sugar and flavored with Mexican vanilla beans. r MADE ONLY BY WALTER BAKER & CO. LTD EreifaUd ,780 DORCHESTER, MASS. booklet of Choice Recipes sent free Money to Loan on Omaha Real Estate Present Interest Rate Charge Is 6% □ join our *923 United States National Bank 16th and Farnam Streets