THE SUNDAY UEE: OMAHA. Ot'TOCKU Ji. 1022
Irish
Kijfhth installment of "Michael Colliim' Own Story,"
la preHviited today to reader of The Omaha Sunday Bee.
Iiove of country, irmtillei while yet a boy, wa the
outstanding charafteritie of the younjj lrixh leader, who,
throuKh an American newspaper correspondent, ha bared
the fact of Krin's ntrujflf!e for freedom never before re
vealed. Final chapters' of the narrative were .riven the
correnpondent shortly before Collin' ansasHination.
Mow the Raster week uprixfnjr, instead of being an
ignominious failure, became a spur to Irish loyalty because
Kngland treated the disturbance seriously has been ex
plained in previous Installment.
Krkslne Childers asinine scheme to jret Kngland to
t orment to a "hands off" policy toward Ireland, deporta-
Hy litillr.N' TAI.IIOT.
itrllltt, tu.li Amerlraa.
I'tlAf'TCI' XVl.'oiilliitiedl
"Hefts' that tirnl conference mil
id Oiillith anil I tralUcd what tie
must expert from these men mill '
Moiin-n with whom all llin.UKh Ihe
years ki had fulfill til fight fur
lri.li freedom. From inllrniciii-n
llicy Imil suddenly changed III In
enemies. Ami et then as always
etcr nlncr (rllfilli and I ltnd
Miiulnsl Ikim Hint c i ihjIiI pcmimde
l Iii-iii,
"Il Ik nil vrv well for ir.tlon of
the mII y which 'irlffilh and I
adopted In declare Hint minor
ity should not have lieen met by
khl glove methods f .HI Uiu Irluli
Miil needed nml siill need linty
mIhivo any other one thing and
unity In lint lo If ii'lneted ly kill
I FliC llll tltOM! Whose Opinions make
null; Impossible, Harmony does
not spring frnm murder. There arc
few mnjn the world whom you
can hi log In your point of View hy
knocking them down.
"flrlfflib-fiiul I In-Ill thiit the
treaty healed an ageold tragedy
Mi first m l of which wu played In
Dublin In 1172. when Ib-nry II of
Kuglniid compelled Ireland's tribal
kinus tn I'M' ir f ; 1 1 1 y In Mm . Cut
Ho- llltli' group of men mill women
fi.i lug us In llii- Mansion House
ln-lil ii different ( f i 1 1 1 1 1 .
"They lulil tin nml for tin- most
port lln-y ww sincere thiit the.
tri -ily we f signed was the most
Infinitum) document liny Irishman
i-vit signed; that every martyr's
willow Mini most of til- army Hitlers
-.iiiMii-rr-(l i' wi-rr KUllty uf tli:a
ton. It w.m they- lit flrnl wlio
In-Ill llii flo'ir, !i'iil Ii.nl th"!r K.'iy.
l:,it finally I linl rny ilifnc",
I flllblc U) Itl'Kt-.l'll
Their Hostility
"'fn nlniiltir 'III i tri'niy,' I toH
tli'-:ri, 'HQ li'ivi- Ini'l III" foundation
f iK'tii'e nd fi-ii-rt'ti hli with (lie
!i ( :i! at nur nl'ti'. W'lnit I have
i ifni-il I xtiiil! Klimd ovt In thi- lx
lli-f Unit, If li rlriif Irflowl no
tluT lili-Mlmr, Ih -nilin of Ihe
conrili't of rcnturl-i 1 the flni-tit
HiliiK thiit fvir hiiiipin'liil for th
li'r'.i pi-oitlc'
"Tlili) ! told tlii-iii, Init It K.rvi-il
i.i Ii-nw-n thi-lr hostility not ut nil.
HtiuU, I reinfinlwr impn'lnlly, wan
liiri-iiiii'il lii-i'uiitiij flrlfiilli hail 'for-Kottt-n'
the ini-anliiR of "inn fi-ln
vhlrli w iiilntrunslHti-il nil 'Our-m-Ivi-k
Alonp.' Ni'ltliir (irlfrilh nor
1 liav annwi-r to tliln rhnrife nor
Iri'li fil lo any of tli chnofi . Tn-
Ainrtfil an wim thin vltrlolli; rim
tt.mniillon of tis, nml (in llttl' pre-'
l.iittil for It n wc win-, we both
Ki ai piil the PMwfitliil point that the
rrt-riiiiitialliiiis worn uhvU-m and
ivorun than imelrrir..
"Im Vnli-ru nhowi-il im a tele
jrnilihi'il npppiil to tin? MMi peopln
ai-nt from London that nmrnlnK hy
Art O'Hrlon, head of the lrli'h Helf
lu ti-nnlnatloii liaKue. 'He nut tnlalnl
intn thaiikn'lvlni? without raime,'
the teli'icrutn load, 'trompleto ov
u'lBiity In a claim which no nation
can foroKO. And until It is met In
ni r cape, we uf th IriHh rare can
imt and will not rejoice.'
"We quickly mmle It plain that
we expected no acclani.ttioti of Joy
that mlwht properly follow a nation
al triumph. We ni-ked and wasted
no throwln up "f hat.i, no fervid
Ir-moiiHtrationa of nny kind. We
lliil auk and did want calm, d'iiiier
ate. fair coiiHidr-nit Ion of the renult
of our laltors In London.
"uf the 111 meiiilwril of Dull
Klreann, 112 were veteran of the
war nnd melt who had nerved at
leant one term In an KiikIIkIi Jnll.
"Many of them have heen arrenled
and hnpi Ucii'd three nnd even Hve
timeH. A few liae nerved prinnn
ternm an ninny n nine timen. Anil
tit Ihene Tiiiiiil.ie of Ihe Hall we
nnlniiilleil the Ileal)' with lln "Hill id
alhtlanie That I will he fnlthful
l llin Muienl) Kini: (ienriie' hln
lielm and niict-eMiorn hy law.' We
knew huw Inid il anV"lne tn lie
for Ihene men who had niiHerrd nn
iniii li al Ihe lianiU of rntlanil tu
lake that euth. Hill whn in kiiIiik
lit nay IIinI lliiir dllTiiuliy In an)
inure painful I hail uiirnT
Seriou SlU
in I hil t'.irvmm
"f lalkwl Willi tltin n.m. and
tried lay lnl In rrnoil KMil th-lil.
The woiid known the rmiilt A liuo
jorliy cf wmiii in liil Kuennn
1'iounlil the liri into Uiim Hut
Ihe niiiiotitv li ft r.r in iu doiil'l an
In liit I niiintl in iheir eklliiiiiUiiii.
' KeW if llirtlt lll. til UV It
I -1 1 ! . I"it all of Ihriu i,-ld ihtt
I jn Hot lii a-im innn lm told
Hi Viuim nl if i i nl Italhf.im
I nut thai ii i-h firr t. l l In fnooi g
) tuna ef I lie ntrii dt Imt l eil
and fceeitun i f til luni l.o nl
I II i-id I t tlx ' I .n Ihe
kmic hi iii I aoi Ih naii.e to
i.l ') ). wliil I n.1,.1 a I
li .ilif ut lulil-- miilv Ihe iiiHi-rn.ie
' -I i .' I .) ti lth t I. oi Itan
I H'
' I if III --lv'VtH
ttMt l ) n-ll-un t I . tit
,i.t ... il l l.ml i t hm it
i " tn iilr fw tlri
Kd JuKt ii.t-l.- 4 a tt'Hii W
I ifi.e wh hnivt fi
f v aa ii .,... rt itn m.i itwl
V itVi tit all vt IkUhJ
vm -.t w4 ii-i if
e ti i:tl 4 the ti l W.H.-4 nur
t- t lha in "
l.K,t .imt ft , 1 1 tt-t Un
. t. I i l
Ita t . fc'4 1-
Flay
X'.ilera ii their li-ad-r, They ap
pliiiil.'il him when tie told them,
'We have counted the font, arid
we nluill not iiuall eeen thoiinh the
full prn of our fieidom h-m t
I a Id"' I'niva wordn, trill)! Ap
I'IiiiiI-'I, cciialiily! !ut dunoii
Wa ytt to pivviill.
"JiiUKha told un In on of the
aecret nmnlona that wa dad fallen
lo the magic of Lloyd Ceortfe, Mm.
Mnrklevlf i held un In acorn hecaunn
we hud proved ournelvea Im-apnltlo
of iiinli'hlnsr eworda with 'the Welnh
wijird.'
HAoyd Ci'orp
Well In formal
"fir Valera referred ( liin Mil
f'.irn fearn that led him lo uhntaln
from tiiklntf part In Ihe negotluliitin.
Il admitted hi fnr that he Inlu-hl
eiiccurnli lo the iirltlnli prime tnlitla
(er a ciinnlnic and then, apparently
on the verge of tear, declared that
thin la what hud happened to un.
The man who had taken the mea
aure of Woodrow ' Wllnon and
'.eorxe (,1'iiierueau had outwitted
un. Thin In what De Valera told
the Teachtae, IT W'AH NOT TRL'K,
''The truth, on I hnva tried to
nuike plain, I that Lloyd Oeorjie
wan well Informed, The mllllarlMta
In Witlieliiill were prennliitr for an
limni:illa.l( onnlnuKht hy n'-a and
land, They believed and many of
them ntlll believe that the late Lord
Hallnbury ioke an urately when he
.ild that 'The Irlnh ara no more,
fitted for nelf'Koverriment than the
Hottentot.' What Ireland needed
declared thene advocate of ruth
Icnnrirnn Han 20 year of renolute
Boverriuient!
"IJnyd fieorice did not, believe
I bin. I repeat lie wan well in
foriiud. He knew we dad nran
ljil nn a natlunaJ ncale and could
count nn 3,0110, (MMl men, women and
children In in their part of the lank
of fliihtlnK Ihe llrilinli armed forcen
in liiiiiilld warfare. He knew the
llrilinli gnrrinnn in Ireland all told
numbered laA.OIIft men. He knew
that it would mean to fono,uer Hie
Irish people, lie did not want to
have lo dn il.
"Lloyd OeorRe knew that the ter
ror had failedthat it hftd been not
oily nondi'terrent but had actu-'illy
a welled the patriotic fervor of the
youth of Ireland. He knew that
the morning they hanged younff
Kervln parry, SjO young; men of
Hublln enrolled themaelvea in the
army!
"He knew that we were amug
Kilni; firm und ammunition into
Trcland throughout the truce. He
knew Wj! were recruiting and drill
ing, llo knew our i.iiolltcatloiit
were world wide.
People lie fin
to Understand
"There were evidence of thla
clone at hand. The ralda for ma
chine gun on Chelnea and Wlndanr
barrack were uch evlduncea. The
Jiinh office In Whitehall had proof
that a much an five pound had
been paid for a high cxplonlvo de
tonatorand five time a much for
a Hcrvlee revolver! The I!rltlh
prime nilnlnter had accurate Infor-
matlon a to the Intended recipi
ent of the 600 45-raliber Colt nuto
matlc dlncovered on the dock In
Hoboken! He knew the planned
destination of the Il.ja pound of
T. N, T. aelzed In the home of a
coal miner in N'ew-antle.
"Rut he knew more than thin.
He knew that Ireland freedom
wan absolutely dependent on the
gitod will of Hriltiin. He made un
know It! lie made it nee the com
mon aenne of entering Into friendly
relatlonn a rourno dictated. If by
nothing line, by the Inntlnct of nelf
'preservation, lie put clearly before
un ihe Indisputable fact that our
M'onolulc lnterent are Ideptlcal. It
wa our tank to convince our peo
ple that thene were the' facte!
. "To" many Irishmen the treaty
hud come an a criu-hlng dinapiinlnl
ntent. There In no gainsaying It.
They hud believed that in aome
nmgical way we of the delegation
wonl.r be ahle to make possible the
u-biith and regeneration of the
liaelic Kate on atupendoua wale.
Anything lena than thla neemed Im
iHittnlbla lo Hccepl. Vet we tould
t ot fortvt-r live In dreamland.
"Thn reality of the nltiiHtlon had to
he made plain front t'ahal down to
keiry. t'.rfttth olce. the urgent
mi. I of unity on the pa it of all arc
lion of the huh nation In raining
he similar and nhnping lha dee
llnv of our in free mate' Ami
nluWlt the penple l ifitn lo II tub I
niniid
7iiitf
Vol in 7 rrM
'tie ti)ttii m Hrnl btvt U.'i'
itin titntv wouil ii.l.t t-e aiteoled
I v t't" Iwopie He ililrl that
Th In ,, if ll.u n! -'i.i-i,l are
, tl.linl tilitlit Villi the tsiahr
if l. n, i) i)i ot n.m nmii'ii.' Ill
I l lililn h I J it Id r-i
IIMI II.U td II t k
' In the i.i' ml uM ef lb
r.i.i aMhut II - t'ol ! ii
A tn t- iti.in .!. I t i.!
i innkii 4 t '.l I, tie iutsii l
tut it rt-.mii itttn-a tt la W'li
nli n itn tuia in ! t (!
iutt lli Vrsa 1-1 Rinu.
tinj liso. l. iti ! i i'l- lt
Him It t ttitt.4 l- '14 Ut
tlivat Iki) i vt w-ei 1 ati'.liln
s4 M lJm.l4 Iw
Collims for Treaty
tions of Sinn Keiners, Boland's devotion to Pe Valera and
the Sinn Fein convention In October, 1917, also have been
detailed.
"Lloyd George wan not to blame, except nominally,
for England's policy during the period of 1 1 17-1! I
This perhaps is one of the most startling statements
made by Collins, who asserted that the. British prime min
ister's attention was absorbed In the world war during
that period and left other matters to those under him.
The smashing of the British spy system, through
hunting down of Irish traitors, robbing of mails and tap
ping of telephone lines, has been described in detail. In
reply to charges against the Irish of unwarranted "slaving,
("ollins declares the "murders" they committed were legit
imate acts of self-defense forced upon them by British oppression.
Brother and
eV-
IE
:Pf r
I ef 't 1
At Ihe (rave of Michael Collin
s brother, prient (center).
denationalizing Influence of Arillcl
zatlon, "The tank before ua, having got
rid of the ilrltlnh, la to get rid ot
the remaining Influence to dean
gllnlza ourm-lvcn,
"It I no reatrU'tton nor limita
tion In the treaty that will prevent
our nation from becoming great and
potent. The preaenca of a repre
sentative, of the Brltlnh crown de
pending upon u for hla reource
cannot prevent u from doing that.
The word of a document a to
what our statu la cannot prevent
tin from doing that.
Opportunity
to Make Good
VOne thing only cin prevent u
and that 1 disunion among our-(o-lve.
Can we not concentrate and
unite not on the negative, but on
the positive tank of making a real
Ireland ft nation of our own?
"The only way to get rid of (lie
Rrilinh contamination and Ihe evil
of corrupt materialium Im to secure
at united Ireland Intent on demo
cratic way, to make our free Ire
land a fact, and not to keep It for
ever in dreamland a noiiiething
that will never come true, and which
ha no practical effect or reality
except a giving rise to everlantlng
fighting and dentrucilon. Destruc
tive conflict aeema almost to have
become the end ilnelf fn Hie mlndn
of mime,
"In those earfj day of the year
we clung hopefully to the belief that
our political opponent munt aooner
or later cene their opposition nnd
accept the will of the people which
wn dally becoming more and more
overwhelmingly in favor f the
treaty. ,
"At that, time Ireland wn per
ltup the only country In Europe
which had living hope of a better
civilization. We had an unparal
leled, opportunity of making good.
Much wan within our graep. Who
could lay a finger on our llbertlen?
7f any power menaced u we were
In a stronger poult ion than ever
la-fore to repel the. OKgret.nor. .
Fate Left in
Collins' Hands
"We had reached the Karl lug
point from which lo advance and
use our llbertle li) make Ireland A '
nhlnlng light In a dark World, to re
construct our ancient civilization on
modern linen, to avoid the error,
the miseries, the dnngern Into which
other nation with their falso
civlllxntloni have fallen,
"The only way to build the na
tion solid anil lrlnh In lo affect the
dinsentlent element In a friendly
natloiml way by attraction, not !
contpiilnlon, making theinnclveg
f-el welcomed Into the IrMi nation
in which they can join and become
nhnortied as long ago the lierUidlnen
und tin ! llurgoa b.-iaine almorbed.
"The old unionists, home iuler,
i evolutionism and now the uncom
pifiniswig republican-i had l'
bate thrill nil. itud We tin-1 In win
ili-nt all. We ere null ut t If
oh ei.ii iMtamg nok our erf. if
..ni in una an t more fuille, at
bust II Will Hoi I'" lie.mut llloni-
i f us rnll!l In Die i iiiw of mi
lt'l li-l.tlul hut toil nel rvrr
i.ir.mn In our Htwr In put on oi
lo liitrn-i .l'r miifliil
' W Im l Won nur fin.li.in Hut
nr Ii4'l In o .t-l-l il" out f lie
In -in iiuoiIim wnilhy of tb'
n.li.i) Tie flM iitul 'H U"
llii in v. n II ill n nit ii"i I
sh t..tr lv bnit eia
I tli-l In nut n-iu-t mite of ih"
. fnunll Tit Utt ! '
I i-l emsls "
i iiArft.it .ui
I ' I of lit to I-
,i.ltii.lin., to i ,ilM. .l ili'l
nian i t Ih hl I ifc i n )i hn
im d.u i. II. I .) (i, i. ii.lt mhlili
f- ef (t Wi.nil l a'l In )imli
t.al ij. 1 'ot.tl io'l
Ik i,li.l.-t Hnn ' f
('IH iHtU aitakkt'tMl It 'e
Sisters at Grave of Collins
-jSrfit.,,,, ,..,...wef'aan')s
, tuimi)
inssit 9
IT ii 11
i; ii i
at burial In (ilannetvln cemetery, Dublin, were hi nlnler. on a nun, and
epe would be fordoonid to fall
ure.
"The point waa how to nominate
the lucky 39. K: ry one of u
knew in hi heart that our return
to the army meant more to Ireland
than (hat of any other man! That
wa only human, of courae. The
nelectlon wae not aafely to be left
In our hand. Only someone len
alf -Interested OUffht to name the 10.
"Among ournelve we dincunned
our various leader lo find one
upon vt hone judgment we rould all
rely. Ilrugha, titular head of
the army, wa objected to by many
of tin, lie Valera. likewise wan tot
ed down. Finally Colllnn wan pro
posed. Not one man of the 1,200
had any objection to him. And
no we left our fate In bin hand.
We did It because we had Implicit
trust in hbn."
The little story wa told me by
Deainotid Kltzgerald several months
after the nlgnlng of the treaty. I
tell it here to make clear the hold
Collins had on all classes of Irish
men. But in the case of De Valera
there was also a kind of bllm faith
on the part of hundreds of thou
sands of Trlnh people which ac
counted for hla very real power In
Dull Klreann,
"The campaign being waged by
the uncompromising republicans,"
f.'ollln mild at one of our last con
ference, "had Us beginnings In the
bitter fight In the early sessions of
the Dull.
De Valera h
Unmovnble
"De Vnlern would rm ln.ail tint
delegation that went to Loudon.
Kvery member of the cabinet and
every Trachta of the Hail Kirtann
wanted him to conduct the treaty
ni gotiatlons, and many of us plead
ed with him not to remain behind,
liut he was immovable. The reason
he gave was two-fold. First, he wiid,
it was beneath his dignity as presi
dent of the Irlnh republic to leave
his country; and, second, he could
not afford to put himself In a po
sition In which he might do his na
tion Irreparable harm by a ihani t'
word across the conference table.
He Insisted his value to the Irish
pvople would b greatest by remain
ing In Dublin, nnd from that dis
tance guide us In our Inslu
"I, for one, accepted what he said
lis being hi sincere belief although
I differed from liim. Iiut lie perntnl
nl In forcing lis tn present tn the
Hiitiult d'-leirntion liocumi-nt N'o. !
-lifter we had. told him tune and
again that It meant the breaking
off of the negotiations.
"lie Vnlera'a alternative con
lalnrd very l.ftl" that wan nut In
Ihe treaty, nnd little thai Knultii'l
roul'l have i.bwtl lo. but for tint
ery rmsoti nur Insistence on Its
supplanting Ihe treaty merited (he
iinriiitivmul refuwil our insistence
nut llesnb tlttil. lie VnlnV dm ii-
meat wan u.e lit it n in i.oii
In the .. i atii.n of Its detail we
should have ln ronsi.inily lull
with ei'iifllotlog luii-i I'f iittii'ii bad
ln In Inntlatdn dm' oi l lie i
Hilfilfc7K'V
Sfuuvn in Sfoin
II llltr, lb"! i:...ti' I l''l
i i iii is a It.un, m l would i-"l
t. , I II tl. III lit II- 11" I II. I lit I
i. n I la iittl "f Iii- toiiii nin.il
ll,t Ills U.illl So . nboubl
ll.lt ttl t-'tt-l 1 1' ' l - tl 'll'tl
.,., 1,1,,. el '
la.iUed - 'I I Vli't i" 'I
i Would ol Wii ill II t'.
In. h i :.'.t I mat . I
h ft a, ti. nl t II lm-1 If t ,!. I'
Vl le Ih i.i it ' H-t l
it. Stl. f III lt.nl f-l nlls
I. .('.lit tiitr in I i d t t
. r h le- fe'..net In l.tt t 1 i
In In no, 't.
fif ..,.' . it It.- I .n ' i. 1 1' '
I, ..I ! ). I. I J I.-1 i at. net S 1
,lil t.l I. ti '' h" 'i I'
Ai It l tl .i ' '
i. tvti4 Ibai tm t n t vtut4
The slaying of Francis Sheeny Skeirington. together
with two other Irish writers, and the disheartening at
tempt to fix responsibility for the alleged "murders" have
been described by the Widow'SkcrTington. Mrs. SkctTing
ton later escaped in disguise and toured America to arouse
sympathy for the Irish caue.
The gun-running exploit at Howth was successful.
But the Irish attempt to import arms for the. Kaster up
rising ended tn disaster through the leaders' inability to
get word to Sir Hoger Casement, their representative in
Germany, of the change in the date set for the rebellion.
It was necessary to scuttle the ship when surrounded by
British patrols in Tralee bay, the vessel going down with
20,000 rifles and 1,000,000 rounds of Ammunition.
Casement, rushing to Ireland in a submarine to pre
vent his comrades from attempting what he thought was
impossible, paid for the trip with his life.
Ve'
!' J
Itn authorship, fiut tbl is relatively
unimportant.
"As to the difference) between
the treaty and this alternative, there
Is, for Instance, the definite stipula
tion In Document No. 2 for Drllaln's
ratification of the alternative. And
hand in hand with that fact Is De
Valera' vehement protest against
the Urltlnh conferring on us of the
rights and powers of the treaty.
Vagueness of
Document No. 2
"I.'nder certain clauses of the al
ternative Ireland is committed to an
association so vague that if might
afford grounds for claims by Britain
which might give her an oppor
tunity to press for control fn Irlnh
affairs as 'common concerns,' and
to use or to threaten to use force.
"The Irish people would never
have agreed to commit themselves
to anything so vague. We know
that there are many things which
the stales of the Drltleh common
wealth can afford to regard a 'com
mon concerns' which we could not
afford so to regard one of the dis
advantage of geographical pro
pinquity, "We had to find some form of as
sociation which would safeguard us
as far as we could tie safeguarded
In somewhat Ihe same degree as
the H.000 miles of ocean safeguard
Canada.
"De Valera knew when he ac
cepted the Hrlllsh prime minister's
Invitation to discuss association with
the lirltlnh commonwealth that
that meant association of a. different
kind from that of mere alliance of
inolaled nations.
,",More than that, the association
of the treaty Is less equlvoclal than
the, association proposed In Docu
ment No. 2. The external associa
tion mentioned In Document No. 2
bad neither the honesty of cotnpletn
Initiation a, questionable advantage
In these days of warring nationali
ties when It In' not too eany for a
small nation tn stand rigidly alone
nor the strength of free partner
nhip satisfying; the different part
ners. Hueh external association
wan not practical politics.
"De Valera and fhilders labored
long over Ihe framing of nn oath
which they knew had lo be Incorpo
rated In any agreement that would
be acceptable to Itrltaln, Their first
esuiy read as follows:
On'h Shelved S
for Another
"Thill for the purpones of the an
sin latino Iriiaitil shall recogule bit
llitlaimic inajent) an head of Hie
asms lallnu.
' ll-iM siiniv In lecotjiiltnin an
tint given In the treaty, but It nut
with such disapproval I hut l Vnl
n i and liillibrn nln-hrd It In f tvoi
i f another, lialui l ;
"I du nwrur l Iwar line fallh and
nlltulinir In Hie roiinlllutioil of Ire.
laud anil In the irl o n.sie lalhrii
wllll Ihe Hill i-li tiiiiiiiionweallll id
nniimin ami In lemijitife Hie ding
ol linnl Hillain a head nl Ihe
HH l llrtl nlalt n
'Tills rtllil lottlt r iilll l it"
. ,l.-ri Iv I Ii- 'I III I'll IllallV loot'
n 1.1IV ila'-lll I'litate sessmli I N
ih in Hit iiiii'kI I" enjilmn Hint Ihe
kin of liii.tl' tu il nn inlsbl furit
1 teitrii'l an a loioinittg iliietlm
I nn in It titit '.it i oiisiiiiHi u.iVn
lln.v il.n win n uiiiu-ltial .in t e.
f lllllrtlfc'.lll Itlt'it '" I t Mi-i 'i. I
.i ,r-1 on ol
Hie k ... f 't- it I!H ' '
II, MS I- t li ll.e etlii- ifrltlltv e
1: ,11 , K ,i U lb ,.. it I Ud
a lo 4 itui ii- 'bit m i n.i In
till 4W't.tti till-. It No
i itiit.i:i. iltliir I oti h Ii
l;...,.m- it alt I ill oil ,
Wlvjinii lbs ii'i'l tlii of
iia.l iti'.itlt. liii ttii-lum ii
it.iu tw I In lost 41 sitil tl.
i . t.il I , i.i. i al. i I tu lit if
i.i t i 9 a t I' i to ,i ".,
. .1 It t 'I ''.in
f liniglt.iil I- I fc lltll I...
M....I llkU.I.. il !li'
tl-ti.jivM lt.v.1. .i lii' 4
m, only weie lo la- iivoided by any
one with Ireland's interests at heart.
"Ireland, ta-ing the weaker nation,
could not fail lo differ If a mislead
ing clause luid lo be Interpreted. As
for the ili-fen liitl-is, I biive al
ready told bow lo- Vab-ia und I'hlld
trr gave way lo Ijiiiiitcl on the only
point Hint reallv mattered -ngree
merit Hot to build submarines.
"it would not do for them lo say
submarines Would be of no line to
us. rhlld.-rs, with hie experience
In Ihe royal navy, knows better. 1
annul believe De Valera I so Ig
iioniol us not to kuoty belter. If
be la lien n what I have told him
more than (.nee be does know bet-t-r.
Adinnlafies of
Treaty Are Lost
"Hut 4efure going lino lire
mane detail, I want lo slate again
I list from beginning lo end tills
dmuiuent I for Ihe most part a
repetition of Hie treaty wllli only
such slight verbal allerallonn a no
one but a faction)! would have
Ihoiiglit It worth while lo have risk
ed wrecking the treaty for,
"An n n Improvement in Hie
Irmly, document No, 2 Is not hop
est, It may have been more dlcfa
toiial In language, Jiut ft lis tint
contain Jn principal a greater rec
onciliation with Irish national as
pirations, "It merely sought to attach a
fresh label to the same arcel, or,
rather, a lulH written of purpose
illegibly in the hope of making be
lieve that the parcel was other
than It Is!
"I!t a -world who stands liy now
and expresses scorn of a people who
permit outrages to tie practiced up
on them by a minority understand
that this is not fair to the Irish
people,
"l,et the world rememlter that
there have been only brief Inter
val between long periods of star
vationperiod In which we could
reflect upon our condition and
awaken to the cause of our miseries.
The presence of the Knglish ho4 de
prived us of life and liberty,
"An Infamous machine was de
stroying us.- Now that it has ifiiie,
the ravaging effect remain, Jfa-
Fiancee of Collins,
Will Take the Veil
"Hiss KuW. kiecxmiv.
eft.
Ilereaved by the annannination of
her fiance, Miiiiaid Cnlliiin, Itead of
the Irlnh free slate, Miss Killy
klrnao Is to enter a con vent and
lake the vows of a nun, according
lo her coiinlii, KraniU O'ldilly,
who has arrltcd in Ainerca.
Ilonal i onsii'iunnesM is not an over
night growth, of patriotic ft-rvor
there Is no lack, but a people munt
ls schooled for generation to
know how effectively to put their
'atriollnni to practical ends.
"The hlnlory of "M years must
be re versed la-fore we shall know
Hie inclining of national freedom,
And flint of nil f must acquire
lite habit of standing togt-rtier. Al
I ;..! to a huge it. ;i ee Mh advan
tiigm ff the treaty hawi bi-etl rre
liuva'ily lost,
"Our tery iitil.oii.il life tn lIng
llueiiii-iiii by tli.n r.kttiiiucd dm
union 1 Im roititrv is too small
in h t i rul a 1 1 ar cleatage In Hie lot
tl-U.fll talikn
When, dining Hut Iiii-i, lam
l.t iii l n-i the oi. h i' making II a
c.lltikii.tl i,n-ti' tot un It.siiinaii to
be in p. it--null at ot at to, it win
In hi In I- Ihe iti uiltt tow It) our
nthl fi I fliei..,o t.-l, t't-iV
tie f,li rd Willi S ilill. r lrl-1'.i
I on - .),'. i, li I ntin i. g i.hi-iIi
I r i v l!etrnel
lufi' 7 lion Oner
t. rr 'ltit i I, i io iiil i t i .
I. IV bun im I t't ..inn ltlt I
Iti i ,y lt.itii"ti in,'-, f- in
r It- t - ! V, - i I 1 1 1 1 . 1
i.v iii i in '. to it ii s ni I el
,.l k r mi i it I t n ii it li till
I it I.I
fi. il) iiit 1 1, Ml I .it' to t t i i
!. I I 1,11 tl l I N 1 th lr
I it I.IKi l.-t l 4H't I I
l.i.u.iilr ii'ti.l. ..! if
ilm I, :.l. j,. I .1, . I ,i tii i.
!t,i.,l 4i,i ) i i ti- r - i It it. i sod
I at l.l Itt0 Ih I- I ' -! It"!
ii tit .Si ii ii i ! t. I1-
- t,,i m - i 'I lii'i.-i
aM i i.tti iti'ini 4 kill 1 1
A
Neg
When Kngland made her peaco proposal, Irish
leaders determined to seek the maximum limit of freedom.
Collins pleaded, without avail, with De V alera to
have someone else take his place at the treaty negotia
tions. That Collins began to distrust De Valera s motives
is shown by the former's query "whether. . .he (De Valera)
wished to include me among the scapegoats who must In
evitably fail to win success (at the conference)."
Speaking of the treaty negotiations, Collins makes
this startling statement: "From beginning to end, the
Knglish plenipotentiaries dealt candidly, fairly, sympa
thetically." Last Sunday's installment closes with an account of
the cool reception ihe Irish delegates received upon their
return to Dublin following signing of the treaty which
gave Ireland virtually the same status as Canada in re
lation to Kngland.
Ml. I'atrlk'a college, Mayiiooth, A pi II
:n Wt;
"The ioiiiIIiIoii of the country In
nuhlei l of Hie deepest illnlre.n and
buinllallon. On Ihe (real iialioiuil
iliieslloii of'llie treaty rtery Irish
man In enlil led to bin own opin
ion, suit jeil o truth and responsi
bility lo (imI.
"It Is a national iuenllon to be
net I led by tlie national will and as
certained by an eleclloti. II Is pain
ful lo have to une Ihe language of
condemnation, but prliuiiaVn are be
ing oH'iily defeuiled Mhlcli are In
fundamental ronfllit slid the law
of (iial.
"The army a a Himle and mill
a part of ihe army ban no moral
right lo declare Ilnelf Independent
of all ill authority In Ihe country.
Soiiii a claim I niihierslte of all
t-ltil liberty.
"The arm), mine I ban any other
order In socict), from Ihe nature of
II Institution, in the servant of the
nation's! government . . , vVe ap
peal In the name of (iod. of Ire
land and of all natiisjial dignity to
Ihe leader on both sides, lit II and
military, lo meet again, io remem
ber old fellowship In danger and
suffering, and If they cannot agree
upon Ihe main question al all
events that Ihe line of Ihe revolver
must cease, and the i-iecilonn, Hie
national expression of netf-ilelerml-nation,
be allowed to be held free
from all violence,
"To this appeal Orlffllh and I re
rponded wholeheartedly. The result.
Is known by the world. The mili
tary extent I v that was set up In
the Kour I'.owln was the answer of
the extremists."
Antagonism
Within Ranht
cuAvrm xviii,
"When a people lias struggled for
7 DO years against subjection. It Is
perhaps not strange that the one
dominating characteristic tit such a
people should finally come to be
antagonism. And antagonism has
come to be an Ingrained quality of
many Irishmen,
"Among ourselves, in the it coun
ties there is hardly less of antago
nism between the labor group and
those not so lalteled than there la
between th so-called republican
and tiiose who support the treaty.
The arrangement with the liritlsh
government has removed Ireland's
one great inspiration for unity and
has made many Irishmen forget
that after we are every one of us
republican extremist and' mode
rate free stater, radical liboiite and
idealistic separatist Irish!"
Michael Collins thus Introduced
hln narrative of the two years' reign
of violence in Hclfast one night
while be lay III at the house jut a
friend In Dublin. He told me the
story only after he had become con
vinced of the uselennnens of further'
conferences with lr James Craig.
"Mistaking the means for the end
Is perhaps the greatest blunder a
man can make,' he continued. 'Un
happily It Is a blunder of which
many Irishmen are guilty. In some
Instances fighting for freedom has
come to mean fighting for fighting's
sake. Itrlngfng the vkllms of this
delusion to realize their folly con
stitutes the gravent problem con
fronting lh Kn-eHlate government.
For It Is this spirit of suspicion and
hostility animating opposing groups
of Irishmen that Is largely respon
sible for the situation In I'lster, If
unity Is Impossible among us of the
south, how can we expect under
standing and reconciliation with
lister?
En island Avtvd
in Good Faith
"The semblance of unity which
we managed in manufacture at the
recent sesrlon of Ihe Wnn Fein Ard
Fhels wan artificial In Ihe sense
that It was but temporary and for
expedient y, but It would b a nils
take o Imagine for a moment tlmt
that tin it y would not become vrv
real Hud absolutely effective If
either Itrltaln or I inter attempted
to luke advantage of any apparent
Split Is-IWeell 111 four ipHislug
giotip. Il lias always lieen so
la Iniiind Lnennen of tislav are
luotlipin tn arms tuiuni row In
stantly an outsider seikn to exploit
uticr to til own md.
'I linte etrry liaemi lo Im-II-),
bnwrter, lllll neither III II slit nur
I llif hit any llnuitilil of trading
im nur dliiinloil, IIiii- of nn wlnt
in Ktilislt n) lite lirsly aie unit burd
ol lb giHttl Mill uf Hie I m lull
men ilni le. Ill In llwll titrnlunV
lite possibility ni sitt atglrnnlte at'
Hun nn Ihe perl id I ller While'
hall lotniul'lt slums lel!l ltii
. 1 lie Itll lei f uwr MUnltrl he
ti.iiie Ihe iiittie lilut.ua will be Ihe
nit ii ii- ni I lli llillstn and I Klr,"
it I II - !,M of lt ilil tnl
(111 il'i-lit 1 l-f unisntl In
li'til i i f.r ii tl pint lit
, I I ... Ill lit lit 1 1 11 It In .1-1
V I 1 1, i .i,.n ti flik tun II- itilwt
t , ii.ii. i in i.i li.a.uti I .its
Inn tin uf tli.i) ittvnii'it la
It. f,i 'l ... i ot .l li't us
i'i.tiii,i-l t'i Itn . ti 'Hi
t , i,,.,.4 of I' ut I war m
...ll.-lll I -lili Hi l. ..m IW
I I I il l' lfl I
Itil t I H ul H" I .! 11
,1 I tll ll.t.l l lt' l I lltM
1 1... . it... ni I. in I n it I wo
I i ,1 - .- I I.1H - tl
l . il..,.H I tl .ll :lt:-4 ..'O liJ
-allin (iHI.ii'l tl t mil
otiations
atitong Hie suppoiters of the
treaty are almost as gieal as the
gulf tli.it separate the free state
party as a whole and the republi
can parly. There In an unbridge
able chasm between the tiiu'ompro
mining rxfroiiilsm of Hie radical
wing of the republican parly and
it moi le rate adherents.
"Da Valera Is a model ale tit
heart, An Idealist, he In st Ihe same
limes lens radical than many of bis
followers. I 'roof of Ibis can In
adduced. To do so I shall lift a
corner of the veil of secrecy that
covered the three hour conf-rcm e
Hint took place Just la-tore Ihe
opening of the Ard Kbels between
the leaders of the two parties,
'SoukIiI lo Find
Common Ground
"At that conference De Vahaa
and Ktuck met Griffith and me in
an attempt to find a common
ground on which to appeal to the
3,000 Hlnn Fein delegate for unity
An I think I have already made
plain there is no follower of lie
Valera not oven excepting rathal
Urughft more bitterly hostile to the
treaty than Austin Hla k,
"Vet an agreement was reached
find reached In the fain of f! lack s
violent opposition. To prove D
Vale.ra's moderation It Is nncensaty
lo reproduce a portion of our dis
cussion In the conference,
" 'I have a, clear majorlly of BOO
In fhos Ard Fhels,' said Do Valera.
" 'Vou have not,' I told Mm.
"Htack Insisted that their tna
Jorlty was quite ffou and a blind
man could have seen the chip on
hla shoulder,
, " 'Vou'ro wrong,' I told them.
And before they could say anything
further I showed them how wrong
they were, I told them they had
majority of more than a thousand!
"In spite of this admission nf
mine we reached an agreement not
to take the vote which I acknowl
edged would see us beaten by two
to one. The reason De Valera con
sen ted to forego this victory was
simple, Ife knew that Ard Fhels
was sn typical of the Irish nation
as Tammany holl Is typical of New
York state. As well expect Tarn
many to endorse the republican can
didate for prcnldont as to expect
the Ard Fhels to vote to disestab
lish the Irish republic.
"A vote in the Aid Fheis would
leave the situation In the country
unchanged. No good could come
from taking a vote thou. I drove
the point home with a para-phrase
of the alleged threat of Mr. Lloyd
fleorgo (which he never avoided)
about 'immediate and terrible war.'
"'if you fr,rce the Issue here' I
told De Valera, it will mifin that
we shall go to the country and have
an Immdelate and terrible elec
tion:' Stark Still
Dissatisfied
"L'ven Wtack smiled. But hln op
position to any kind of agreement
wan not In the leant abated. Ho was
still dlnsatlsflcd even after De Val
era had managed to persuade us to
postpone the general election for
three months. Tltat agreement whs
popularly supposed to be a victory
for De Valera. Actually It earm-d
him the dinpb-asur of all the. ex
tremlnts among hi followers. Ilin
moderation, us then expressed, ac
counts for the ancciiilaiK y today of
Itory O'Connor.
"De Valera recently qualitlcd an
earlier statement of bis by saying
that whereas he had stood on tint
rock of the republic be now felt he
held a stronger position In thnt he
was standing on the rock of Hitlil.
The truth Is he known that re Jin turn
of the treaty will not I" lug lh re
public Into praiiiciil Is-lng any nun
than it has ever been a practical
entity. He knows, iiioimvcr, that
the republican Ideal Is nn il-.ir In i n
wlnt ii.n.it the 1 1 cut y nn it in tn
himself.
"Un known Hie aiioiM incut i t
Hint coniptelH Itntnetnli lice whuh
U H O'lHiUloll of Hie republic would
In nit III Ireland I nun It 111"!
lien r I v certain of being won Hum rh
til medium of III treaty I hall Iv
II -jei tlltll. It" kiiuM Hi, it
whu n.,i him will work In mak
Ireland strotn month In de'iaie
her tilde pendent - Btti'i.g einnigli 'a
f ilm Will Id lenietlllii'tl of I" l !
Ian an a sovrr-isn sltl
Sa Craig
'lllll'f
' lln ktii'Ss It t' '
Lot I.
'..llnwi-r da i "i
' I h,n t ii ' " I" pin- ly
tltati-attc l.iii"- in ft'!- lb Hm,e
ii-tilt in t f I'll H tltitl hoi
.!. 1. 1 I'" I -'t tt I (.In.
I ,.t i .i,i. imU n....ih. ttkMt, it
pi f" I II ill IS I
-Ml J tow llif t w- w r t U
rfMii'd kin I dintt! I It H iJimn
ir.ielll Im lte k-l will!
ttsj VItk lllt-lit Im IWIIi.t
aud rlwwlwi Ikiuitilttiitl lies a)tlt
I isnsint bate ! Ihlr
tlit(klli( Willi t-n4-te ))
Ii4 lhle avHfxtr b.
e tt)ieim( Httr siin en
it.dtle i)itMr,
I Intel (wMsIIkw!! ' Mi ! t tt
kw,' Uan si-i will e
the lltttnk kiMHtUt U. x tt n
I