The Red Cloud chief. (Red Cloud, Webster Co., Neb.) 1873-1923, September 13, 1923, Image 7
BED OLOUD. NEBRASKA, CHIEF JHWWIULJ.Mjmilll'JMJBIHl it i i t 7 wm IU mwm wmm WOTDGVAPA5 fCOl?rjY OrWOX WA?JZrtJ.Sf00?JrJD NORLD FAMOUS PREHISTORIC EARTH -HEAR5 NOW WE FOR POSTERITY V-1 ' " l.i i I i IJ ff fir r-... -siAkMbHyLffim By JOHN DICKINSON SHERMAN !MSSw SfM& &. : . dS&Slftt " ' " tfW"s3 fWOT Cnhokla Mounds nt any rate the g v-v ?wv , - wV'i' 'V vfffi mm: last Mute legislature passed n n ," .Vv' " ' 'V,,., fev ., V$K '$?'$ II 1,111 mrproprliitliiR WiO.OOO for feW'W Slt p .heir purchase nnd Governor MS 0" m Small LlKiictl It. So these lm- :&t W TsJft portant relies of a prehistoric ts r n 1 JjjgL. iMMipl.. will he preserved to pns- Y0' ?SC JttZZVZ I " VfWVMff? torl,y "s " S,!,te ,"irk Bl " ill I ',,!': 1 v ;' - 1M. '! mpMm'r' Tll('so Cllll,,kl" bounds add I. , i L 1.', .f ml'li'J T- ' " " 11 the attraetton of myMery to a .. J, t i .V, ' Chk A'".f AV .'Che. (Copy for This Urpartmrnt Htippllrtl bjr thp Atiirrloun I-cKlon News Rcrvlco.) LEGION WARNING OF FAKES LEADER OF OVERSEAS CODY Alleged Veterans Publlcatlono to Appeal to Sympathy Patriotic Cltlzcm. Used of M.IXOIS has at last hotiKht the t'ahokla Motindh at any rate the laM state legislature passed n hill approprlathiK S.riO,WH) for their purchase and Governor Small sljined It. So these Im portant relies of a prehistoric people will he preserved to pos terity as a state park. These Cahokln Mounds add the attraetlon of mystery to a region rich In historical associa tions of national Importance. Monks Mound Is the largest structure of Its kind In the world. The, Mississippi valley Is dotted with the enrth struc tures of prehistoric peoples and these Cahokln Mounds are presumahly the most Important of them all from an archeoloRlcnl viewpoint. When were they htillt? Who built them? What became of the builders? These same questions were asked of the Illinois Indians when the first white men set eyes on the Cahokln Mounds uriO years ago. The answer wna the same then as now "Nobody knows." These first white men were .Toilet and Mnr quette Flench explorer nnd Jesuit priest who came down the Mississippi In 1G7J5 from Cnnadn by canoe. In 1075 the famous Jesuit founded n mission among the Indians at Kaskaskln. LaSallo began his operations In the Mississippi Valley In 3070 by building Fort Creve on the Illinois river at l'eorln. Then the French settled nil along the east side of the Mississippi from Cahokln to Fort jblmrtres. Until the English wrested Cnnadn from trance In 1705 all this region wns French. The French staid on, with the British ns overlords. JThen cntne the Revolution and George Rogers ("lark's splendid military coup, with results that aade the American march across the continent In pvltnhk of which more later. First, as to the Cnhokla Mounds: The Illustra tions herewith are by courtesy of Prof. Warren K. Mnorehcad and nre from an article by Robert II. Moulton In America Today, Chicago, with the title, "Movement Is Launched to Preserve Prehis toric Mounds In Illinois." This nrtlclo contains the following: "There Is In Illinois a group of relics that stnnd to the prehistoric Indian culture of the United States as the pyramids do to that of Egypt the Cnhokla Mounds, near East St. Louis, Including the Monks Mound, the largest known mass of earth ever built up by the labor of human hands. "Notwithstanding the fact that the Egyptian pyramids are masses of stone and that they stand in a region without value, they have been partially demolished. Complete destruction would before now have been their fate, In all probability, had the Egyptian pyramids Iwcn great earthworks nnd the surrounding land needed for Industrial devel opment. A warning was sounded by Professor "Warren K. Moorehead, the well-known nrcheolo fllst, and largely through his efforts n movement Iins hten stnrted to have the state of Illinois pur chase the entire Cahokln Mound region for park purposes. A hill having In view the preservation of these mounds failed of passage In the Illinois legislature In lflKl, It appenrs, however, that It wns not so much the cost of the land thnt deterred the state legislature from acting favorably In the matter, ns the question raised by some nB to whether the mounds were built by man or were n natural formation, notwithstanding thnt there has never been nnyjdouht In the minds of nrche ologists as to their artificial construction. To set at rest nil doubts In the matter, Profes sor Moorehead, with the co-operation of the Uni versity of Illinois, Phillips Acndemy of Andover, Mnss., nnd n number of Individuals, begnn a series of explorations of severnl of the mounds during the fall of 1021 nnd continued them the following uprlnjj with the most gratifying results. Pottery fragments In great nhundnnce, large quantities of flint chips, animal bones, and many complete human burials unearthed at considerable depths In eoveral of the mounds, prove conclusively that they arc the work of human hands. It Is the belief of (Professor Moorehead thnt the largest of the group, MonkB Mound, so-called because of the presence there of the Trnpplsts during a short period be tween 3808 and 1813, was n very long time In the 'building nnd thnt It probably wns begnn ns n re pository for the dend. That Is, certain burials twero made and other suinll mounds ndded as burl tela took place. Finally the stmcture became so 'largo that the natives made It Into a pyramid, added the upper terraces and used the top ns u place of residence. "While practically nil of the Cahokla group of mounds, 72 In number, remain, their extornnl con Itour has nltered since the pioneers In Cnhokla ar jcheology gave us clenr word pictures of conditions qb they existed severnl generations ngo. In nil 'written accounts of tho mounds most attention aeeniB to have been concentrated on tho largest 'ftutnulus known as Monks Mound. In fact, nearly 11 the descriptions center In thin ranking struc- The salo of fake "veternn" maga zines and publications has cost tho public more than $r),(XX),000 within a period of fourteen months, according to Information received by the Amer ican Legion which has Issued u warn ing against the operations of promot ers of the spurious publications. Publishers often use tho name "veteran" to persuade the public that former service men get part of tho proceeds of sales. Their salesmen do not hesitate to use the disabled and wounded plea. Investigations by tho Legion nnd other Veterans' organiza tions and the Hepartment of Justice have disclosed that entire proceeds of publications go Into the pockets of persons who did not senc In the war, and who capltalle the patriotism of the American public and the reputa tion of World war lighters to enrich themselves. Salesmen often pcddlo tho publica tions with the plea of "help ex-sol-dlers" ; "proceeds help disabled men" ; "wounded myself In France, and can not get a Job." In some cases It was found to be the "game" for publishers to disown agents soliciting ndvanco subscriptions. Other agents wero found to have bought nnd worn "wound buttons" from private con cerns. Many peddlers who have been arrested admitted that they were not former service men. lly using tho "Iielp - the - boys - who - fought-for-you" plea, they have disposed of magnzlnes, some nt '25 cents n copy, their profit rouging from 17 to 10 cents. In a number of cases salesmen have represented their publications as In dorsed by tho American Legion, which la untrue. American Legion posts In nil sec tions of the country nro urged to glvo publicity to these fakes In order to protect pntrlotlc citizens In their communities. Mist Louise Wells of Chicago is Re Elected President of Women's Service League. MIm IOulse Wells of Chicago bus been reelected president of the Wom en's Overseas Horvlc lencuo, known ns the little sister of the American Legion becnuso many Legion women nre also members of tl league, muk lng for closer co-operation between the tvto organizations. Members of the league were th Army and Red Cross nurses, Saltation Army lassies, the ""' glrl, signal corps girls, canteeners, librarians and entertainers who served Amerlcn's fighting men In France. Many wore gassed nnd wounded and more than 100 of them died of such plagues as trench fever and Influenza. A few wero killed In action. Miss Wells entered the service from Los Angeles. She Is the daughter ol Arthur G. Wells, vice president of the Santn Fe railroad. After serving at -r imriir-i Miss Louise Wells. ARmZM&l&? VS&Jj&J ture. The highest point of this mound as it ex ists today Is 102 feet, Its longest axis Is 1.0S0 feet, nnd It covers slightly more than 10 ncres. Tho great pyramid of Cheops In Egypt la 7-10 feet square, and the temple of the Aztecs in Mexico, 0S0 feet square. In volume, therefore, this Ca hokla pyramid Is the greatest structure of Its kind found nnywhere In the world. "There Is so much nhout the huge Cahokla Mound thnt Is similar to the works of the Aztecs that It undoubtedly wnB from thnt part of the world that those people came, bringing their religion, their priesthood, their corn, their mode of life, and their middle order of primitive civilization. It Is gen erally accepted, however, that the mound builders of Illinois did not observe the burbarous human sacrifices of the Aztecs. "Eminent nrcheologlsts estimate that the settle ment of the Cahokln mound builders numbered 150,000 nt the height of Its prosperity. "They probably fished and hunted to some ex tent, but they likely depended for their subsist ence upon their labor In the field, and their staple food was unquestionably corn." Now for the historical associations of national Importance. Kaskaskln was the first permanent European settlement In the Upper Mississippi Val ley, as well as the first capital of the "Illinois Ter ritory." Fort Chartres, named for the son of the regent of Frnnce, wns built In 1720 by the French with the Men of giving protection to the operations' of the Company of the West John Law's famous "Mississippi Ruhble"organlzed In 1717. The fort was abnndoned In 1772, the Itrltlsh garrison going to Kaskaskla. It has now been In pnrt restored by tho state and Its powder magazine, the oldest building in Illinois, wlh be used ns a historical museum. When in 170.'! the Jesuits were sup pressed In France nnd their property confiscated to the crown, tho decree was enforced by the French commnnder against tho Jesuits In Knskas kin. The priests were expelled nnd their proper ty, Including 200 ncres of cultivated land, many cnttle and n brewery, was sold. This was Just before the British occupation. During tho Revolution "Ilalr-Huyer" Hamilton, tho British commander of the region, with bond quarters at Detroit, Incessantly harried the Ameri can settlements In Kentucky by Indian raids George Rogers Clark, a heaven-horn military genius rnlsed up by Providence for the occasion, conceived tho plan of winning pence for Kentucky by carrying the wnr to Ilnmllton nt Detroit. He began operations by capturing Kaskaskla, taking It by surprise, without bloodshed. "The French of the Illinois territory called the Amerlcnns "Long-Knives" and believed them to be bloodthirsty and cruel. They hnd no love for their British overlords, but feared the Americans exceedingly. When Clark captured Kaskaskln without bloodshed, treated tho Inhabitants with kindness nnd announced that there would he no Interference with their church nnd religion the simple vlllngers wero overjoyed and enthusiasti cally took the oath of alleglanee to the United Stntes. They rnlsed n company of mllltln nnd accompanied Major Bowman to Cahokla, where there waB another bloodless victory. Then tlioy volunteered to take Vlneennes the same way which they did. So Clnrk got possession of every British post In tho Illinois country without a bat tle and without the loss of n life. Later thnt fall as everyone knows, Hamilton led an expedition from Datrolt and recaptured Vlneennes, only to lose It to Clnrk tho next spring and be taken to Virginia as n prisoner. Clark'B sudden appearance nnd rapid capture of these western posts of the British astonished be. yond raenBure the Indiana and their chiefs for COO miles round about flocked to see the "mighty war- jjoAzi, JKozmD Bw& ctrrjw&r BYCAHOJUA. O&XrJT rlor of the Long-Knives." By concerted nctUn they could wipe out his scanty force In n twin kling. Clark met them In council nt Cahokla with stern and loftv dignity. He showed no fear. Ho gave no Indication of desire for friendship, Ho 1 Inld before them n wnr-helt nnd a peace-belt and told them to take their choice. In short, this young I leader of backwoods mllltln bluffed the great crowd I of restless, bloodthirsty, pro-British savages to a , standstill. One chief lifter nnnther arose and mndo 1 submissive speeches. Clark refused to smoke the pence-pipe with any till he had heard from all and I tho treaties wero concluded. These proceedings j lnsted live weeks and their Influence extended to all the tribes around the Great Lakes. Clark had no further trouble with the Illinois Indlnns. Vlrglnln, which then claimed nil this region. Im mediately clinched Clark's victory by creating thn "County of Illinois." Col. John Todd, as "County Lieutenant," took possession, set up a capital nt Kaskaskla In May of 1770 and established a com plete civil government. Cahokla also figures large In an ambitious plnw by the British cabinet In 170 to enpture New Or leans, the Spanish posts west of the Mississippi and the Illinois Country. War had been declared Mav 8, 1770, between Spain and Great Britain. May 20, 17S0, n raid was made on St. Louis, thn I Spanish headquarters, by a force of 1-10 English nnd Canadian traders and 1 ,500 Indians, fitted out j by Lieutenant Colonel Sinclair of Mlchlllmaclnae (Mackinac) and led by n Sioux chief named Wa basha. A portion of the party crossed the river and raided Cahokln, Sinclair's official report says: 1 "At Pencour (St. Louis) 08 were killed, and 78 blacks and white people taken prisoners; l', scalps wero brought In. The rebels lost nn officer and three men at Cnhokla, and five prisoners." Suddenly, without pressing the nssault, the en tire party decamped nnd scattered. They hnd discovered that Clark had returned In haste from Kentucky and was at hand, prepared to aid tho Spanish The very name of Clark was a terror to the Indlnns. A high wind prevented signals from being heard ; otherwise Clark would have had 11 bund In the hostilities. This attack was part of a general plan devised by Lord George Germain for the complete con quest of the West. Features of this plan were to bring down a force of Northwestern Indians on St. Louis; to send nn expedition from Detroit to In vado Kentucky and keep Clark busy; to bring a fleet nnft nrmy tip tho Mississippi under General Campbell to unite with the northern expedition. The plan was a good one. It failed In pnrt be cause Governor Galvez of New Orleans got busy, licked the British nnd captured their posts along the lower Mississippi nnd nt Mobile and Pensa cola. It also failed because Clark blocked tho prog. rosB of the northern expedition and also brought to naught the expedition from Detroit to Kentucky under Captain Byrd. If this British plnn of conquest hnd been suc cessful the country north of tho Ohio and west of tho Mississippi would have thereupon become n pnrt of the Province of Quebec. Clnrk's brilliant exploits in 1778 nnd 1770 there fore have a place of Importance In American his tory thnt cannot he overestimated. They enabled the new nation of the United States In tho peaco negotiations successfully to Kislst upon the Mis slsslppl ns its western bnundnry ns against the British contention of the Alleghunles. With the Mississippi and the Ohio carrying their trudo to the Gulf, tho American people could not rest until Now Orleans was nn open port to them. This desire of the frontier brought about tho Loulslann Purchase of 3803. And with tho conti nent theirs from the Atlantic to the Rockies the march to '.he PaclQ Leeamo n matter of eourae. TO BE CLOSER CO-OPERATION Veterans of World War and British Legion Now Are "Comrades In Peace." Closer co-operation between veterans f tho World war of tho United States ind Great Britain Is Indlented by the (act that the American Legion was represented nt the annual convention 3f the British Legion nnd nt the blcn alnl meeting of tho British Emplro Service League. Replying to n message sent by Alvln Owsley, American Legion national com nander, to the British Legion, Sir Douglas Halg, head of the British or ganization, suld: It seemed to me that your splendid A-ords found an echo In tho hearts of tveryono present. To your wish, 'Lot as be comrudes In pence, I hnsten to issuro you that that Is tho sincere wish of every member of the British Le gion. Tho alms of our respective Le gions seem to be Identical for all prac tical purposes and I hopo that by somo means wo English-speaking ex-servlco men may become more closely affiliat ed. Please convey to your colleagues of the American Legion the heartfelt thanks of the British Legion for your assurnnco of fellowship, which wo cor dially reciprocate." Past National Commnnders Hanford MacNlder of Mason City, In., nnd Mil ton J. Foreman of Chicago represented the Legion at the British convention. Camp Upton, she went oversens ai a canteen worker. At Glenoblo, at AJ-lcvard-Les-Balnn and nt Lyon, she served as a canteen worker nnd with tho entertainment forces. She organ ized the Los Angeles unit of the league, and later was president of the Chicago unit. Speaking nt n recent convention of tho league, Brig. Gen. Charles D. Dawes said: "You never looked so good to me nB you did In your somber uniforms nnd hnts, wndlng through tho mud and mire, trnmplng through the rain, Berv lng hot chocolate for hours at n time, In that country which, before wo went over, wo called 'sunny France.' " Respects of tho American Legion wero paid to the overseas women by Past National Commander John Q. Emery of Grand Rapids, Mich. AIDS IN MEMORIAL PROJECTS Idaho Law Provides for Recognition of Thooe Who Gave Lives in World Conflict Stnte aid in memorial construction projects Is provided by Idaho, by tho terms of a law recently enacted by the legislature of that state. Under tho law n memorial commission is au thorized In each county, to bo com posed of the commander of the Amer ican Legion post, heads of other "es tablished and recognized" war vet erans' organizations and the county commlssloneis. Each county com mission Is empowered to decide on a meinorinl to honor tho World war dead. When the county appropriates 51,000 und acquires a site for a mo tnorlul, the state will provide an equal sum. County recorders aro directed to re cord all discharge certificates of World wnr service men on nppllcatlon, and to mnke certified copies of tho record when requested. A fee of 25 cents Is authorized for making the record or furnishing a certified cojy. Modern Hospital Opened. A Soldiers' Memorial hospital for the cure of men disabled In the World war has been opened near Muskogee, Okla. The hospital was built by the soldiers' relief commission created by the Oklahoma legislature on request of the American Legion. The Institu tion has been declared by veterans' bureau officials to bo one of the most 1 uiodern in the country. TO HONOR WORLD WAR HERO Arkansas Legion Members Plan Fit. ting Tributes to Ex-Service Man In Unmarked Grave. Arkansas members of the American Legion are assisting In plans for ths Herman Davis Memorial Foundation In honor of Herman Davis, Arkunsas' outstanding hero of the World war, who died In January from the effects of gas and Is hurled In an unmarked grave at Manila, Arlc. Plans of the foundation call for the erection of a suitable monument to his memory at Manila, and n slmllnr monument on the lawn of the State War Memorial building nt Little Rock. In addition, a scholarship will bo en dowed at tho University of Arknnsas, to he known ns tho Herman Davis scholarship. A highway leading through the northern part of Mississippi county, through Manila and past the burial place of the young hero will be known ns the Herman Davis Meinorlal high way. Placed fourth on the list of 1(a) heroes of the war by General Persh ing, DnvlB was always modest and reticent. He did not seek to capital ize his fame, but when the wnr was I over returned to his native soil and again took up tho ways of tho simple Ufo which he always had led. SAYS LEGION BENEFITS TOWN Disabled Veteran Declares Organiza tlon Demands Justice for Every Ex-Service Man. "We knew It would be a benefit to the town to get a post of the American Legion here. The Legion deserves nil the assistance that every ex-service I man can give It, for I, as a disabled man, know that through thnt organiza tion n disabled mnn can get Justice." ( This was the declaration of Fied erlck Graham, n veteran of tho World war nnd of tho Spanish-American war, who now resides In Edmonds, Wash. The town has no post of the American Lgclon, owing to a smnll number of ex-service men, and Grahnm lino been suggested as ono to start such n move ment among the former soldiers In the community. Gratifira wroto national headquar ters of the Legion that he was unable to take up the organization work on account of his physical condition. Ha said that he was betag cored for by tho veterans' bureau, ufter his case had been presented by American Legion officials. 1