E3
RED CLOUD. NEBRASKA, CHIEF
k
'YEllnwstanLiiyiEst W,
inmJtrmmJL C ., IT .M-J
nus i nr i Mmcu
.sWIMHKMr fit VHVS.
W?j&fl HMmSJrtr'e't T!C'Vi
1' ' ''l
pom
1 1
I 4)
3 Opening Evokes
amiiu5tration. raicy or
lefce Conjervahorx
for Our National Parka
By JOHN DICKINSON SHERMAN
UK nutlomil parks lost a good
friend when Warren 0. Hnrdlng
died. Ills appreciation und tip
provnl of the national park move
ment were signally .shown nt the
102IJ opening of Yellowstone for
Its ilfty-flrst year by nn ofllclal
declaration of administration pol
icy worthy of Its place as the first
national park In all history and
largest and most famous of all
America's nineteen public play
grounds set apart by congress for the use of the
people forever. That olllrlal declaration of ad
ministration policy was nothing less than absolute
protection of the national park system against
commercial Invasion and exploitation.
Dr. John Wesley Hill, chancellor of Lincoln
Memorial university, made the declaration, lie
officially represented President Harding and Sec
retary of tho Interior Work nt the Yellowstone
Opening. His statement was prepared, careful
nd emphatic. It contained tho following:
I "And wo are here today ... to celebrate the
nnunl opening of Yellowstone pnrk, tho largest
nd most far-famed of our national parks, a wooded
.wilderness of three thousand threo hundred square
nilles, containing Incomparable waterfalls, moro
geysers than are found In the rest of tho world nil
put together, irrlgati 1 by rivers llko miniature
lakes, and beautified by lakes like lnlnnd sens,
carved by canyons of sublimity, decorated with
colors defying tho painter's art, punctured with
Innumerable boiling springs whoso steam mingles
with fleecy clouds, stuccoed with vnst areas of
potrllled forests, a sanctuary of safe retreat for
feathered songsters and wild bensts, n wonder
land, playground, sanitarium and university all
In one, where tho cyo feasts upon tho riotous
colors of llowers, ferns nnd rocks; tho ear Is
surged with tho symphony of melodious sounds;
tho mind Is snted with n thousand revelntlons of
truth nnd benuty, and the Jaded body, weary wl'h
the tmdgo of thought and toll nnd travel, unglrds
for song nnd dance beneath tho shndows of tho
everlnstlng hills.
"Yellowstono history Is replete with crises
whore tho friends of tho pnrk and tho park Idea
have had to fight with a heroism worthy Its ex
plorers nnd discoverers to retain It lntnct against
tho bold and presumptuous claims of tho advo
cates of special privilege, determined to commer
cialize this land of wonder, to build railroads
through It, tunnel Its mountains, dam Its lakes
nnd streams, nnd securo stranglehold monopolies
with small compensation to tho government and
total loss to tho people.
"And regnrdless of all facts nnd figures, nppenls
nnd threats, therefore, any plan, however meri
torious on Its face, for the commercial exploita
tion of parks must by the very nature of Its
elms and purposes bo immediately doomed to
Jillure.
"Good projects, bnd projects, Indifferent proj
ects, all must fnco tho same fnte, for It Is nt last
established policy of tho government that our
vntlonal parks must nnd shall forever ho main
lined In nbsolute, unimpaired form, not only for
ho present, but for all tlmo to come, a policy
which tins tho unqualified support of President
Hnrdlng.
"This Is tho fixed policy of the ndmlnlstrntlon,
nnd I can assure you It will not bo modified. It
will not bo swerved n hair's breadth by any influ
ence, Jlnnnelnl, political or otherwise.
"If rights nro granted to one claimant, others
must follow, so n precedent must not bo estab
lished. It would Inevitably ruin tho entire national
park system."
Doctor Hill might have been moro definite In
tho matter of the attacks by commercial Interests
upon Yellowstone. Since early In 1020 It has
roqulrcd Increasing vlgllnnco nnd aggresslvo or
ganized effort on tho part of tho vast army of
national pnrk enthusiasts to defent these attacks.
During tho winter and spring of 1020 tho Sixty
Ixth congress nearly passed tho Smith bill cre
ating a commercial Irrigation reservoir In tho
southwest corner of Yellowstono for tho benefit of
Idaho. And It did pass tho wnter power bill
granting to n commission power to lenso public
waters, Including those of tho national parks and
monuments, for wnter power.
A national organization of defence, about
4,000,000 strong, was quickly effected. The Smith
bill wns killed In tho house, nftcr It had passed
tho senate. Tho Jones-Usch bill exempting na
tional parks, present and future, from the Juris
diction of the water power commission was intro
duced and forced forward. Tho water power In
terests were powerful enough, however, to force
a compromise amendment which exempted only
tho existing national parks. The Jones-Usch bill
wns pnssed by tho Sixty-sixth congress.
In December of 1020 Senator Walsh of Montana
championed a bill to dam Yellowstone lake for
an Irrigation scheme In Montana. A long and
hard-fought battle followed. In June of 1021 Sec
retary of the Interior Tall reported on the bill
nnd straddled on the question of protection, hold
ing that power and Irrigation development In the
national parks should bo only "on specific author
ization of congress, tho works to be constructed
nnd controlled by tho federal government." There
upon Senator Walsh proposed a now bill providing
thnt tho United Stntcs reclamation service should
build nnd operate tho Yellowstone lake dam. Tho
defenders of the park proved that tho dam could
bo built to greater ndvantage outside the pnrk.
In 1022 the upholders of tho parks won a victory
by electing Scott Lenvltt In Montnnn to congress
over Jerome Locke, originator of tho dam project.
Tho flnnl result of tho fight wns that tho Sixty
seventh congress ndjourned March -1, 102.'1, leav
ing the Walsh dam In the committee's pigeonholes.
Efforts to revive It nre expected In the Sixty
eighth congress.
During these three yonrs another victory of
great Importance along tho same lino was tho
smothering In committee of tho All-Year Rational
park bill, personally drafted and sponsored by
Secretary Fall. This bill created a national park
In the Mescalero Indian reservation In Now Mex
ico out of several Insignificant spots widely sep
arated, plus an Irrigation and power reservoir
ninety miles away. It would have Introduced both
water power and Irrigation Into tho national park
system. There wns a nation-wide protest against
this bill, In which New Mexico itself took an
active pnrt. The bill Is too dead, It Is believed,
to bo resuscitated.
A third victory called nation-wide attention to
another danger thnt threatened nnd still threat
ens tho national parks. Tho victory was the do
feat of tho Slemp bill creating tho Appalachian
National park out of n Virginia mountnln top. It
was opposed on tho ground that tho area was
below tho proper national pari; quality. It was
favored by Secretary Fall, who In his report to
tho public lands commltteo said that his policy
wns to substitute n wide-open recreatlonnl park
system of mnny small playgrounds for our his
toric national park system.
Tho late Franklin K. Lane, as secretary of tho
Interior In 1018, nnlled down this plank In tho
natlonnl park platform:
In studylnB now pnrk projects you should hpoIc
to And "scenery of supremo and distinctive quality
or some natural feature so extraordinary or unique
as to be of national Interest and Importance . , ,"
Tho national park system as now constituted
should not ho lowered In standard, dignity r.ntl
prcstlgo by tho Inclusion of areas which oxprrss
In less than tho highest terms tho partlculur class
or kind of exhibit which they represent,
President Hnrdlng was tho first president to an
nounce publicly a general administration policy
of absolute conservation for tho natlonnl parks
system and for all of Its units, lloth Roosevelt
and Tnft wcro good friends of tho national parks,
but preservation against commercial Invasion was
not a question In their days. President Wilson,
In' his first terra, signed tho Hetch Hetchy bill
glvlmg Sun Francisco tho water supply reservoir
In Yoseulto which has Just been completed; Its
secret ' water power purposo was not then gen
erally umderstood. President Wilson, however,
stood by the national parks loyally nnd powerfully
Ik the Ight to exempt them from the Jurisdiction
of tho wnter power commission,
2227-2? iTEraST
i
jfyrcjXafo
President Harding, In announcing this admin
istration policy, was not anticipating a popular de
mand so much as answering It. The truth Is that
the Anu'ricnn people have within tho last three
years adopted our nineteen natlonnl parks as a
part of their conception of tho greatness of their
nntlon. "Hands oft I" applies to tho national
parks as well as to Old dory. They are eager
to defend them and to keep them Inviolate. And
they have developed organized strength through
the affiliation of a dozen or so nation-wide organ
izations to see that congress shall legislate wisely
concerning the national parks. The announce
ment of the conservation policy was received with
nation-wide delight. Tho national park enthusi
asts hoped that the conservation policy would bo
broadened to uphold Secretary Lane's Important
plank.
Yellowstono also gets Into the limelight this
season because President Hnrdlng paid It u two
days' visit on his way to Alaska. The President's
parly went In nnd out through the north entrance
and did about ls0 miles of motoring In seeing
various points of Interest. On tho Continental
Divide they drovo through snowbanks. Tho Pres
ident went yachting on Yellowstone lake un
dammed. lie saw many wild nnlmals and fed
gingerbread and molasses to n black bear and her
cub. He saw the Painted Terraces of Mammoth
Hot Springs. Old Fnlthful geyser spouted 1.1(1
feet Into the air every sixty-live minutes for
lilm as It does for every visitor. Tho photograph
reproduced herewith shows tho President and
Mrs. Harding, under escort of Superintendent Hor
aco M. Albright, viewing from Artist Point the
firund Canyon of tho Yellowstono nnd the Lower
Falls. The President was visibly Impressed by
the sight one of tho grandest and most beau
tiful In the world.
Just sixty-three years 1807-1870 wero re
quired to put Yellowstone on the map; the Ameri
can people simply wouldn't believe there wns any
such place. Tho Lewis and Clark expedition ot
1801-00 passed clnso by It, but tho Indians neier
mentioned It, considering It the nbode of "Hvil
Spirits," who punished all talk alwut them. John
Colter, n member of the party who went back
to trap beaver, discovered It In 1807. Upon his
return to St. Louis in 1810 tho peopie dubbed It
"Colter's Hell" nnd laughed him nnd bis tale out
of court. James Pridger rediscovered It about
1S2S and the public said "Just another of .Mm
Prhlgor's 'big .vurns.' " The gold prospectors nl
1S02 described It and wero set down ns liars. It
took the Wnsihburn-Langford expedition of 1870 to
make the peoplo believe In Its vondrs. Tho mem
bers of that expedition wero for pre-empting the
scenic points and making their fortunes. Cor
nollus Hedges rebuked them and proposed tho
national park plan tho first In nil history. Tim
park was established by act of congress In 1872
nnd Yellowstono celebrated Its Beml-contennlnl
Inst fall.
Yellowstono contnlns fl,48 square miles a,m
In Wyoming, 103 In Montnna and 30 In Idaho.
Pig ns It Is, tho plan Is to enlarge It by tho addi
tion of many square miles to tho south tho Jack
son Holo country, which contains Jackson lako
and tho Tou juountulns and Is a natural part -9T
the park.
Bulletin Has Back-Yard
Egg-Making in Nutshell
(rrtrtl by tlir t'ntiil flute Drparliiifnt
of Agriculture )
A tmiall Hock of hens Instead of a
large gurbage can means u sizeable
balance on the side of tin 1ft. la a
nutshell, that Is the essence contained
In the 20 pages of Furnicrs' Ilulletln
1 :t:t 1 , llack-Yaid Poultry Keeping, Just
Issued by the United States Depart
ment of Agriculture. It Is a revision
of a former bulletin and contains
many new suggestions unl convenien
ces that will be useful to tlock owners
In villages, sinull towns nnd suburbs.
Various uses are now made of tho
table waste collected from homes In
towns and suburbs, but practically thn
only use that muy bo made of It on
the premises Is as feed for chickens,
and this use, according to the bulletin,
can ho made very profitable If the
birds are given good housing and care.
It Is assumed that each hen in her pul
let ear will produce at least ten dozen
eggs, a reasonable requirement of only
one egg every three days. The slo of
the back-yard flock seldom should go
below ten hens. Ten birds laying eggi
at the specllled rate will produce 100
dozen In a ear, which at the conscrv
utlvo price of -It) cents a dozen will
mnke the Hock Income $10 u year.
The bulletin Is really a handbook
designed to answer any question that
may come up In the mind of the owner
of a small Hock. It covers such sub
jects as the kind of fowls to keep, thn
size of the flock, procuring stock, hous
ing, arrangement and sanitation of
yards, feeding, lice and mites, hatching
and raising chicks, culling the hens,
preserving eggs, and practical point
ers. Plans nnd bills of materials are
given for making houses of low cost
and houses that will lit various con
ditions. Details nre given on Interior
equipment such ns roosts, dropping
boards, nest boxes nnd coops for
broody hens. It Is suggested, for In
stance, that an orange box can bo
made Into two good nests simply by
nailing n narrow strip of honrd along
one side to hold In the straw. The
advantages of a double jard are dis
cussed, and one paragraph tells of the
value of a mulberry tree In supplying
succulent feed for three weeks. Thero
is a description of an Interesting de
vice for providing fresh green feed
by growing oats through ?i-lnch mesh
poultry wire stretched on n frame a
short dlstanre from the ground to keep
the hens from killing out the plants.
Copies of the bulletin mny be oh
tulned, as long as the supply lasts, by
writing to the United States Depart
ment of Agriculture, Washington, D. O.
BEveiryMeaig
R; Havo a packet in your jS
H pocket for cvcr-rcady fl
Gp Aids digestion. km
HI Soothes tho throat. Wl
Kj For Quality, Flavor and
Whitewash for Chicken
House Easily Prepared
A whitewash that disinfects, kills
niltcs nnd brightens the poultry house.
Is made as follows: Slake five quarts
of rock lime with hot water to about
the consistency of cream. To this add
one pint of crude cnrbollc add or zeno
Icuni, and one qunrt of kerosene. Stir
thoroughly and dilute with twice Its
own volume of wnter. Apply with
either spray pump or whitewash
brush. When properly prepared, this
solution serves three purposes: tho
zenoleum acts as a disinfectant, killing
the germs; tho kerosene penotrntes tho
wood, destroying the mites, and tho
lime whitens the walls, making tho
building sweet and light.
Strain More Important
Than Breed of Chickens
There Is no "best breed" of chick
ens. Ilreed does not ijluy half tho
part that strain does. Pick n strnln
that has a record behind It, either for
eggs or fancy whatever you desire
buy directly from tho principal breed
er of that strain, or from stock direct
from his strain nnd buy as good stock
ns you can afford.
HIS WORK IN COMMUNITY
Minister Mlnht Not Have Been Flat
tered at Jean's Understanding
of His Duties.
Mother and Jaek were walking
home from the morning seimon with
serious mien mid In thoughtful fniino
of mliiil. Nut so, Jean. Her mind wan
on earthly things the Hash of her
blight red coal, the shadow and play
of the wavy feather on her best Sun
day bonnet but she caught Jack's
words to his mother.
"Lsn't Dr. Dunkel wonderful, moth
er'" he was saying.
"Yes, Jack, be Is," was her response.
"Oh, Jack," loltlly Interrupted Jean,
with a sldewise toss of her head and u
knowing half-smile. "Why do you eall
lilm 'Dr. Dunkel? You know ho
doesn't cure us when we are sick."
Mother canio to the rescue. "Thero
are two kinds of doctors, Jean," sho
said. "One cures our bodies and
makes them well. Tins other cares for
our souls."
"Oh, he mends our shoes, doesn't
he," and she skipped on ahead as live
ly as before.
flUIMNHH
Ancient Sardls Rich In Relics.
Among thu American archaeological
concessions hi Asia .Minor Is tho slt(
of Sardls, capital of the ancient stntfc
of Lydla, which flourished some r,000
j ears ago, notes the Detroit News. In
this city, one of the greatest In the
win Id, lived nnd reigned Croesus, last
king of the country mid proverbially
the richest of men up to that time.
This territory Is considered exception,
ally rich In nrchneologlcal material.
Prior to tli(! late, war many antlqut
ties, Including gems, Jewelry and
articles of gold, were dug up In Sardls
and carried to Constantinople, llulni
of temples, sculptures and architectur
al works wero also brought to light,
Last ear additional relics were found,
among them thlity coins of Croesus.
Destructive Hot Wind.
The name "harmattau" has been
given to it dry, hot wind which period
ically blows from the Interior of Af
rica toward the Atlantic during De
cember, January und February. Often
within an hour after the harmattan
begins to blow green grass In Its
course Is dry enough to burn.
Of Courtc.
"What course do jou expect to
graduate In?"
"In thn course of time."
BmBSyBi
There Is no danger of getting the
hen house too clean.
Water deep enough to dip tho head
In up to the eyes must always be given
when the ducklings eat.
Oats, ryo nnd new corn have never
given good satisfaction for fattening
poultry.
Stint In the feed bucket means stint
In the egg basket or milk bucket.
Grass won't do everything.
Feed all poultry regularly. IndlfCer
cnt feeding methods never pny. Regu
lar hours for feeding, proper feeds and
tho right amounts are required.
Water for swiuvnlng purposes may
not bo absolutely necessary to gceao
and ducks but they certainly appreci
ate It when It Is provided.
Diarrhea In young poultry kills
thousands every year. While this Is
n genu disease, Improper feeding and
care can do u great deal to bring It
i