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By JOHN DICKINSON SHERMAN
111 centrnl executive committee of
the Soviet Russian government lui.i
empowered tlio minister of Justice
to svly.o tlio wealth of nil religious
bodies ami sects for famine relief.
The decree extends even to Moslem
mosques and Jewish synagogues.
Archbishop Yevdoklm of Novgorod
had Just Issued an appeal to all
true believers to "lend to the Lord"
their possessions to aid those dying
of starvation, adding that even
church wealth should be sacrificed
in thlfl time of terrible need. Until the famine
gave the Soviet government this opportunity It
had made no open attempt at expropriation,
though It had done nil in Its power to discredit
the church, whose Influence notwithstanding, on
the Russians the most religious people In the
world has steadily grown. Mystery surrounds
the action of the archbishop in yielding up the
church's treasures to Its bitterest foe. Hut the
Soviet government has ways of Its own for getting
results.
Now, all the world knows there Is famine In n
part of ilussln. And all the world knows that there
nro-or Imve been vast treasures In the hands of
the lluaslnti church. Hut one Is not so sure thnt
these treasures are still In the hands of the church.
Nor Is one entirely confident that the starving
will get the benefit of these treasures, even If they
prove Intact and the Soviet government gets pos
session of them. It Is hard to believe anything
to the credit of the Russian Soviet government
these dnys.
America knows full well that there Is famine in
Iluss'ln. We are trying to save us mnny as pos
sible of the starving Russians. Up to the middle
of March the A. R. A. nctlv'ltles, It is known, had
resulted In the lauding of IV2 ships at Black sen
and Ilaltlc ports. These ships carried 212,413 tons,
of which 107,510 tons were corn, wheat, and sun
dries. Of this amount 129,723 tons of corn and
wheat were discharged and 71,800 shipped Into
the Interior. Of sundries 0,3-12 tons were shipped,
leaving u7,S03 tons of corn and O.fiOO tons of sun
dries in stock waiting for transport to the Volga.
Goods were shipped on 12-1 trains as follows:
From Reval, 23; from Llbau, 14; from Novoros
hlssk, 21); from Theodosla, 10; from Odessn, 15;
from Wlndnu, 21; from Danzig, 12. The wheat
and corn trains were reported on .March 15 to
have arrived at Ufa, Orenburg, Tzarltzan, Samar,
and Saratov. Fifteen trains were nearlng Kazan
nnd Simbirsk on the same dntc. Distribution of
the corn to adults began In the first week In Mnrclu
In addition to these arrivals 107,000 tons were
moving on ports and another 200,000 tons were
being loaded In United Stntes porls.
These stocks lire enough to feed 8,000,000 people.
The main problem is transportation, for, In nddltlon
to the disorganization of Russian railroads, In some
districts there are no rallronds at nil.
Nobody here seems to know Just how nwful the
famine f-ltuntlou is. Exact figures are lacking. In
March Dr. Frldtjof Nansen, who headed an Inter
national commission of Investigation said:
"The famine of 1021-1022 wns caused by lack of
grain, caused In turn by lack of seeds nnd fnrm
labor. Not u thing has been done to prevent a
similar shortage for next yenr nnd If the world,
with the exception of America, which lins been
marvelous In Its succor, still remains aloof, the
HUft'eilng of next winter will surpnss anything ever
before known in the history of the world.
"Not one-tenth of the acreage available for
harvest purposes bns been sown this yenr In prep
aratlon for the fall. The peasants have neither
the seeds, the animals for tho plowing, nor tho,
energy which Is generated by food.
"Their wives and children nro starving nnd
despite tho admirable relief already brought to
-(Ahem by the American Relief commission and
the International commission lor tne Jicnci or
Russia, millions nro doomed to-death, falling n
concerted m'tlon of the powers before June.
"For 400,000 squnro miles there Is nothing but
starvation In Russia. No crops. No food. No
Binlllng children. Nothing but desolntlon nnd
denth. It Is n crime ngnlnst the. world."
In March It was stated that tho Russian Soviet
authorities had failed to provldo even lmlf the
number of cars promised for tho transportation
of American relief administration food supplies
from tho Black sea ports of Novorosslssk und from
Wlndnu on the Baltic sea to the fanilno afflicted
centers of tho interior, nccordlng to reports by
Walter Lyman Brown, European director of tlio
American or8wlzntIon.
"Tlio SovM officials promised us sufflclent cars
for the trunsportatlon of 150,000 tons of foodstuffs
monthly," he said. "From Novorosslssk 125 cars
dally were pledged, but latest advices show that
the dally average of cars actuully supplied there
was 50. Similarly, from Wlndnu we were to have
50 cats dally,, but the average has been only 22."
As to the probability that the church treasures
are still practically Intact there Is much skepticism
ninong Jewelers and diamond dealers. The Rus
sian crown Jewels have almost certainly been loot
ed and are now scattered over the earth. There
was no word of any looting when the Kremlin In
Moscow, whore the glittering Jewels of royalty re
posed, fell Into the hands of the revolutionists.
The Kremlin lias been guarded by the Soviet gov
ernment. The condition of the great collection of
Jewels In ihe royal treasury galleries Is veiled In
olllclal mystery.
Nevertheless, everybody knows thnt n penrl neck
lace belonging to the collection was discovered
In the United States not long ago, having been
purchased for SS25.000 by n Detroit automobile
manufacturer.
South African papers In close touch with the
diamond trade state that $10,000,000 worth of
stolen Russian dlunionds were thrown on the Jewel
market In ten months In 1921 and the crown Jewel
collection of Russia was particularly rich In dia
monds. The diamond production Industry has
been seriously disturbed by the large number of
these gems coming out of Russia. Some South
African mines stopped producing to await a de
mand for their stones. That some of the Jewels
which have so affected the International trade nro
from the royal collection there Is no doubt.
The Russian crown Jewel collection was consid
ered the most tasteful collection of royal jewels
In the world, and probably the finest, except in
pearls. The Oriental strain which the Russians
inherit from the Turtnr invaders accounts for the
Russian love for jewels.
, The Russlnn church under the empire was what
Is commonly culled the Orthodox Greek or East
ern church; following the revolution of 1017 the
church was disestablished and complete religious
liberty was declared. Russia In Europe Is divided
into 50 bishoprics. In 1000 nbout 70 per cent of
thu populutlon (87,000,000) belonged to the estab
lished church. Tho "Greek" merely recalls the
early history of the church. The proper name Is
Holy Occidental Orthodox Catholic Apostolic
church. This Is the name of a group of churches
which do not acknowledge the papal supremacy.
Tho Russian church wus established nbout 1580.
As to the real value In money of the treasures
of the church In Russia there Is 119 approximation.
It Is the sheerest guess work. That the treasures
nro ninny nnd valuable seems certain.
But tho value of these treasures has lost nothing
In the telling. There nro many legends concerning
these treasures and nccordlng to them no other
country on earth has such vast treasures concealed
In Its churchoii ns has Russia. In discussing the
subject big words and many adjectives are nec
essary; superluilves are In demand. Description
necessarily vague, should go about like this:
Wo have learural to compute treasure In such
terms ns King Solomon's mines, tho mines of the
Golconda, or In the lavish magnificence of the court
of tho queen of Shclm nnd yet it is doubtful if
tho trctiburcs of Solomon, the output of Golcondn
for a whole century, or the gems thnt bedecked
the throats of Shehn's attendants, nil put together,
would equal in actual value the hidden wealth of
tho great temples and churches of Russia.
Russian czars always have been honrders of
Jewels. Tho very bnrbnrlc splendor of their courts,
the atmosphere of extrnvugunt luxury in which
these autocrats liavo lived throughout tho im
perial dynasties, nil linve contributed to tho tang
ible wealth of tlio nation's great stores of rich
trcusuro,
jtyMmrj&&?aFoztR JAvrcR,JKaJCojr
Kuhla Khan, Ghcngls Khan, later Persian Shnhs
all have given their share, In the shape of loot,
to the crusading soldiers of the little fathers.
And czars und czarinas ever have been liberal
to the priests.
Some of the cathedrals possess treasures which
ore almost Inconceivable. An altar In one of
the big monasteries is of solid gold, captured from
Genghis Khan and erected by Peter the Great. It
weighs 25 tons and Is studded with emeralds,
rubles, pearls nnd sapphires of the Orient. The
four largest rubles In the world, worn by Emperor
Constantino, adorn the top of It.
The great Ikonostaz, n special stand for Ikons.
In the Uspensky cathedral, Is one of the marvels
of the world. It is of gold and platinum and Is
studded with precious stones, among them the
lost LiiIh stone, said to radiate light at night and
also to huvo the power to henl tho worshipers.
These stones come from the treasuries of Pharaoh.
On the Ikonostaz la the famous miter of Nikon,
which, In addition to Innumerable other priceless
Jewels, contains the pearl of Julius Caesar and tho
"Perez" pearl. These two pearls are the most
famous Jewels In history. A king of Persia who
ruled In the Fourth century, was the original pos
sessor of the "Perez." The Caesar pearl, for cen
turies the subject of royal Intrigue, Is said to be
the mate of the one made famous by Cleopatra,
which she "drank dissolved In vinegar" to Im
press Marc Antony.
The melting of all the gold and platinum, the
latter used almost universally In the making of
tho church bells because of Its supposed wonderful
sounding quality, will bring millions In gold rubles.
The poorest of provincial churches are the
wealthiest factors In the country. From ancient
times these churches have been the recipients of
untold offerings. Every religious holiday adds to
the wealth of the shrine.
The shadowy archives of the Russian church
nre Intu woven with threads of Oriental splendor.
The magnificence of Its priceless collection of treas
ures, some of them secreted In repositories un
known to the authorities, Is unparalleled In the
world. No other country ever has owned even in
Its most prosperous days anything like the marvels
belonging to the Russlnn church.
Some of the most famous Jewels are kept In
frames of gold and adorn tho Ikon-stands and
walls of monasteries. Tho candlesticks, the al
tars, tho Ikons, even the gates are masses of In
valuable Jewels and precious metal. The opulent
gorgeousness of the cathedrals almost Is beyond
tho wildest Imagination.
Perhaps the least known of tho hidden treasures
of the churches Is nothing else than a hod. This
bod Is of solid gold, Its pillars Incrusted with pearls
nnd diamonds, lt head and foot adorned with tho
Romanoff crest set with almost priceless omornlds.
It Is tho bed of 11 slave girl a beautiful Circassian,
who was captured In a Tartar raid and who be
camo first the favorite of a czar and then his czar
ina. This was Annstnslo, whom Ivan the Terrlblo
loved and then beheaded with his own sword.
Ono night the pnlnca wns stormed by the mob,
which cnrrled off the gold bed, nnd, hnvlng no
other plnco to put It where It would bo snfe, cnr
rled It to tho "Holy of Holies" of tho most mug
nlflcent cathedral. TI1U1 was the Vladimir cuthe
drul, which still stands. Slnco then It has rested
behind tho altar. Every year the priests havo
showered upon it Jewels given them by thoso who
have kept nllve tho memory of tho Circassian.
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