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RED CLOUD. NEBRASKA, CHIEF
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UK imputation of the United States, ns
shown ly the 1DU0 census, Is 10.V
(S.'!,1U8, ns eoiupiiriMl with n pnpulii
tlon In 1010 of Jd.-DLVJOrt. The In
crease Is therefore 1 :j,7 1 0.S 12 or 14 0
per cent. The Urines of this cciimis
show that the tieuil of impulatlon
from the country to the city has lie
tome accentuated since 1!)1() and that
for the Hi st time In our history more
than half of the entile population Is
IMiiX In urban territory, as defined b the census
huieau. This Is to say that rl.SUS,'J0!) or r1.1) per
vnt are IInIiik In Incorpomted places of U.WX) or
more Inhabitants and fid S(!(),S!)t) or -1S.1 per cent in
rural tenltory. In the iciisus of 11)10 the cor
responding percentages were 4(5.!t and .r)!1.7.
While the lncicn-e In tr till population was M.9
jier cent, there was ap Increase of the urban pop
ulation of 12,11)2,82(1 or 28.0 per cent. On the other
liaud the increase of the rural population was
1,518.010 or only .'1.1 per cent. Worse still, the 11k
ures show thai the rural class II vim; In Incorpor
ated places of less than 2,500 Inhabitants Inci eased
21.5 per cent, whereas that class living In purely
country districts shows an actual decrease of
lx-tenths of 1 per cent.
The country Is theiefore off balance. There.
Is trouble ahead for us If we continue to hnvo
more food consumers than food producers. Ways
4ind moans to meet this situation arc theteforo
a national topic. Theie must be a return to the
soil. One way to brliif; this about Is to make It
easier for the small farmer to secure title to the
laud on which he works and to help him mako
success of his work. Consequently there arc
All sorts of national, state and community plans,
tinder discussion, half established nud under ac
tual test.
California State Experiment.
One experiment that every sociologist nnd com
munity worker, to say nothing of others, is watch
ing with Intense Interest is the California land
settlement scheme, which was launched In 1918
nnd Is the llrst of Its kind, at least In the United
States. II. A. Crafts thus describes In the Sci
entific American the successful development of
this California land settlement scheme:
.JThe California state land settlement scheme at
Durham, Hut to county, was launched In 1018, and
Is the first settlement of the kind to be established
In the United States.
A tract of 0,211) acres of farm land purchased
liy the state was subdivided Into small farms,
ranging In size from two to one bundled and fifty
stores.
The spirit In which the colony was started Is
liest Indicated by the enabling act ndopted by the.
California state legislature In 1017, which con
tains the following clause:
"The legislature believes that land settlement
Is n problem of great Importance to the welfaro
of all the people of the state of California, and
for that reason through this particular act en
deavors to Improve the general economic nnd so
cial conditions of agricultural settlers within the
fetal e, and of the people of the state In genernl."
Ky provisions of this act the legislature ap
propriated the sum of 5200,000, of which $250,000
was constituted a revolving fund for the purpose
of purchasing and Improving farm lands to be
bold In turn to bona fide settlers.
The laud purchased for this first settlement wns
n part of the old Senator Leland Stanford estate
nnd with the exception of about one thousand
ncres Is composed of deep, rich alluvial land, ly
ing nlong the shoies of Ilutto creek.
Under two allotments and sale In 1018 the en
tire tract was quickly disposed of, and provided
lieautlful and productive homos for 120 families,
Including 200 children.
The enterprise Is not of an eleemosynnry char
acter, but one designed to help real farmers, pes
hcssIiik real capital, to accomplish better results
In the way of practical agriculture. The state
land .settlement hoard, a body consisting of five
members appointed by the governor of the state,
exercised great pains In allotting the settlement
farms to desirable purchasers. Duo considera
tion was taken of moral character, practical farm
experience nnd financial standing, with a view of
welding tho settlement Into a permanent and pros
perous community.
Terms of Sale Easy.
Tho cost of the land to the hoard was $100 per
ncre for that portion which was susceptible of
Irrigation, and $10 per acre for that portion that
viih non-Irrigable. Of the latter theie were only
iihotit 700 acres. This land In turn was sold to
, wttlors at an average price of $150 per acre, and
the total pi ice of farm units ranged from $3,000
to $15,000.
The terms of sale to settlers Included a cash
payment of 5 per cent of the purchase price, with
deferred payments extending over u period of
10 years, at 5 per cent Interest. Loans were ex
tended for farmhouses and other permanent im
provements up to 00 per cent of their cost with
20 years for repayment. No loan for fills purpose
was made nbovo if.1.000.
Very wisely iie state land settlement board
took cognizance of the vexed question of faun
labor and provided for the allotment of two-twre
tracts for this class of settlers. Tbc-e lots were
eagerly taken. Tho Initial payment on each lot
was less than $20, and deferred payments were
arranged on the biimo basis as those made to
farm settlers. '
This arrangement wns made with a double pur-
Chock that Cold and
Got Rid of that Cough
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ot nil caltrrnil tioivin.
It alia lleiUon, stimu
lates tho livor and bowM
action, enriches lha blood,
tones up tho ncrvout ay
tcm and aoothm thoinflam
sl and congeatod mucous
llnlnci.
Honest and dependable
Is tho verdict ot Uiouaanda.
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pose that of providing the settlement with n
permanent supply of farm help and also of raising
the standard of general farm help to u higher
level.
The farm laborers of the settlement were tn
nhled to earn from $2.50 to $:i.D0 per day, with
board, or $4.50 without board. Caipenters were
paid $5.25 per (lay of eight hours and were en
abled to improve their allotments outside of the
working hours.
These settlement farm laborers have the option
of'elther working Inside or outside of the colony.
They are permitted, as soon ns they are financial
ly competent, to purchase larger farms, and thus
become proprietary or employing farmers.
The otllces of the California state laud settle
ment board do not cense with the mere buying
nnd selling of this land, leaving the settlers to
shift for themselves. The most Important work
conies after the settlers have selected farms and
have begun the arduous task of producing a rev
enue that will enable them to pay for nnd equip
their new homes.
Expert Advice on Tap.
The board does all in its power to guide the
collective work of the settlement along safe lines,
supplying farm advisers, farmstead engineers and
other experts to help the good work along. It Is
the plan of the board to assist the settlement In
welding Itself Into a successful co-operative com
munity, and to inaugurate a system of the most
scientific and up-to-date cultural and administra
tive methods.
At the very outset the Durham .lettlers organ
ized a co-operative stock breeders' association.
This wns done with the prime object of making
the settlement the home of purebred llvo stock.
The board Inculcated the Idea of uniform selec
tion of breeds so that there should be no unto
ward mixing of blood.
It was agreed that there should be but one or
two breeds of cattle, sheep and hogs In the usso
elation. For cattle the Holsteln wa.i adopted as
the type for dairy stock, and shorthorns for beef
purposes. Duroc Jerseys weie selected ns the
desirable type of hogs, and the Itomney Marsh
nud Itamboulllet for the sheep breeds. The exec
utive committee of tho Settlement Co-Operative
LIe Stock association has done nearly all the
buying of live stock for the settlers, thus simpli
fying and expediting matters.
Instead of leaving each of tho 120 families,
composing the settlement, to buy material, find
workmen and secure designs for thejr dwellings
and farm buildings tho board took It upon Itsplf
to lend a most welcome, lilplug hand. It aided
the settlers In their purchase of fencing mateilal,
cement, lumber, pipe, etc., in carload, lots, thus
saving the new farmers much labor trouble and
Insuring them the best of material at lowest
prices.
Tho plans for the new farmhouses nnd their,
proper location on the respective farms wero
worked out with much care by the farmstead en
gineer under the eyo of the fanner and his wife
and In co-operation with them. In fact, nil tho
Important details of farm Improvement nnd farm
methods have been carried out under tho advice
of the board's experts, free to the settlers. Noth
ing In the community has been done In u loose or
hnplinnrd manner nnd under this modus operandi
a model farm community was evolved In less
than one year.
Help on the First Crop,
In Mho meantime practical farm development
wns t.iken up, Mill maps consulted, fields, orchards
and guldens laid out, and crop production ar
i aimed. The board has nindn Itself the friend and
counselor of o.mIi seitler, and hub Ifeen unstinting
cavsiTejr 4cemnrc wchicah''
In advice as to the planting of crops, purchnbo ol
live stock, tools, equipment, seed, etc. It also
gave vaiuame ativiio in tlie organization of co
operative buying and selling organizations among
the settlers; the construction of an extensive
scheme of roads, drains and Irrigation works; in
well as advising the farmers as to the best meth
ods of leveling, checking and smoothing their
lands and the preparation of seed beds and tho
planting of seed.
In order that no time he lost In the production
of crops the first year the board helped the farm
ers by having a big outfit to prepate land for
seeding and Irrigation nud actually to put In crops
of barley, oats and wheat, taking the pay for th
work out of the crop.
Net Returns to' Settlers.
ITero are some of the net returns to Individual
settlers from some of these crops: C. W. linker,
15 ncres of oats, $105; B. O. .Messenger, 18 acres
of hurley, $.'108.28; William Deveney, 20 acres of
barley, $00.10; Carl Nellson, 18 acres barley,
$470.75; A. I. Maxwell, 12 acres barley, $:U:I.10;
B. K: Will, 47 acres barley, $(J!)0.H8; Joseph N.
Thornton, 54 acres wheat, $021.50; Frank M. Hull.
47 acres barley, $055.15; Hoy White, GO acres
hurley, $l,:t0.50.
The surey and mapping of the settlement hind
were based largely upon the story told by the soil
map. Samples of soil were taken at such Inter
vnls ns? was necessary to make an accurate map
of the whole aiea.
v With this In mind the sizes of the farms wero
determined so ns to give considerable choice to
Intending settlers, keeping each farm within such
limits that one family, with the help of one faim
hand, could take caie of It.
Consequently the farms suited to fruit growing
wero made small, while the lands mi I fed to far in
crops were laid out In larger units, running as
high as 100 acres. In some cases a tract of grain
land went with a small tract of fruit laud, say,
15 or 20 acies, the two tracts sometimes not being
contiguous.
The stnte land settlement board was not In
sensible to tho social needs of the coniMunlty,
consequently It set nslde a line tract of 22 actes
as a community center. It Is planned to erect
upon this plot a community hall where different
social and business orgunlatlons will find meet
ing rooms. There will also he laid out nud
equipped athletic giounds where the boys may play
baseball and the gills lawn tenuis. Upon thl.s
community center Is n line grove of native oaks
where picnics are held. It Is also the Intention of
the board to establish on these grounds a voca
tional school.
Thus Durham has been made a model rural
community. It Is benefited not only by the pater
nal Influence of the Mute but by the fraternal
character of the settlement.
State Buys More Land.
Tho stnte not only supplies financial backing
for the settlers but It educates Ibein In the most
up-to-date farm practices. It has Inaugurated lnh
a system of collective buying and of collective
selling, thus Insuring the settlers against tho wiles
of sharpers and piollteers.
The settlers themselves become Imbued with
agricultural ambition nud pride. The close In
timacy of the settlers begets a common feeling of
fraternity.
Tho concentrated nnturo of the population
works for friendliness and sociability, and thus
tho proverbial dullness of ordinary i lira I life Is
done away with and the life of the farmer seems
less Irksome nnd burdensome, nil of which Inures
to contentment, happiness and prosperity.
Acting upon the recommendation of (Jovernor
Stephen's the California leglslatuio of 1010 up
preprinted $1 000,000 for continuing the land set
tlement system, nnd ulso uutborlzed a bond Issue
of $10,000,000 for u like purpose. Under thee
provisions tho state land settlement hoard has
purchased a 10,000-ncro tract of farm land In
Merced county In llio contjnl part of the San
Joaquin valley for settlement In the nenr future,
nlong similar lines ns those governing tho Dur
ham settlement. In the settlement of this second
tract the pieferenco will bo given to the men who
served In tho war.
LUCKY
STRIKE
"IT TOASTED",
Cigarette
No cigarotto has
the same delicious
flavor as Lucky
Strike. Because
Lucky Strike Is the
toasted cigarette.
J At Jnne- A yixtftA
Nebraska Directory
DR. R.D. WITHERS
DENTIST
Orr Mnlnr Dniir Co.
1 N. W. Corner 13th nnd O St.
LINCOLN, NEB.
Creamery and Crcara
Station Supplies
Milk Bottles and Dairy Suppllti; Et
Case and Chicken Coops
KENNEDY & PARSONS CO.
'1309 Jonc.SL 11)01 C.4lli St
OMAHA SIOUX CITV
Omaha Crematory
Sond for Illustrated booklet
Addross or call on
Forest Lawn Ccmcfcry Assn,
720 Brandeis Theatre Omaha, Neb.
We Pay Postage One Way
Reliable Cleaners
1322 N Lincoln, Neb.
riM
leaners
-Ao
S. S. SHEAN
OPTICIAN
1123 O Street a Lincoln, Neb.
(3
OlGTRlOUTOn
4tff
SERVICE
?
What You Want
batteW wneniounamii
Electric Starter Specialists
Distributors of Presto-Lito Batteries
RANDALL & NOLL
PhonaB4136
317-21 S. lllh SI. LINCOLN. NEI.
KILL RATS TODAY
By Using
the Genuine
STEARNS'
ELECTRIC PASTE
m. a .a t.t-itt-. II - ! JjMk lutVntlAB.
Ant and Watrbuas the greatest known CTrrtera
.. i..... mi,.a ami K,ith ffwvi nnrl nmmrtr. .
Hlearns' Hlcctrio l'Mtn foroei tbeia pU to rnn
f mm the bnl Wing for watrand f retn air.
READY FOB U8K-11ETTKK THAN TRAPS
Directions In 15 laoiiuat;cs In eyery box.
TWOtUoa.SteandltO. Hnougb to kill W to tOQ rU.
U. S. Government bnye IU
2
126 MAMMOTH JACKS
I bare a bargain for 71m, coma qnlck.
W. In DrOLOWH JACK FARM
Cedar llaplda, low
SANITARIUM
SULPH0 SALINE SPRINGS
Located on onr own premises
and used in tho
Natural Mineral Water Baths
Unsurpassed in tho treatmuut of
RHEUMATISM
Heart, Stomach, Kidney and
Liver Diseases.
Moderate charges. Address
DR. O.W.EVERETT. Msr.
1 4lh and M Sle. Llncole, Net.
It 1h easier to sou through the plot
of n pluy than through tlie ear puffs
In front of It.
Important to Mothers
Exnmlno carefully every bottle of
PAKTrmiA. Hint famous old remedy
(or Infants and children, and see that It
Bears tho
Signature of
In Use for Over 30 Years.
Children Cry for Fletcher's Castoria
CZ&ft
m&
That respect which Is due to age Is
dealt out with a ladle to tho wealthy
grandparent.
Different Viewpoints.
.Tlmmlo was plnjlng with tho hoy
next door. Ills older sister was sent
to get him, hut lie refused to come,
so she picked him up and carried
him. sci earning, nwny. This Is the
way his actions weie viewed by the
spectators:
Sister lie's n contrary little rogue.
Father lie's u stubborn little ras
cal. Neighbor lie's a little savage.
Mother How strong-willed Jlmnile
Is.
Influenza nnd Consumption.
Dr. Chiule.s II. Marc.v of Pittsburgh,
stated before the medical society of
IVnii.syUanla, that he hud studied fS.'l
cases of tuberculosis, the onset of
whose symptoms was referred to an
attack of Influenza. The nuuiiier of
patients known to bavo had tuber
culosls prior to the onset of Influenza
was comparatively small. In the ma
jority of these cases the lulliieiin had
reactivated old ipilescent lesions In
!JI.:5 per cent of the series studied the
onset of tuberculosis dated from the
Inlliieimi.
PUTTING IT UP TO DADDY
Small Girl Evidently of Opinion That
the "Laborer la Worthy
of Hlo Hire."
Tho girl temporarily hired to help
out during mother's Illness hud Just
left. During her stay live-year-old
Clara absorbed with Interest many of
the details of housework ; In fact, hnd
been of material assistance In such
ways us setting the table, helping with
the dishes, etc.
When Mary quit unexpectedly tho
housework gut behind and little Clara
voluntarily set about to straighten
things out, and that night met father
at the door when he cumu home from
worlt, saying:
"Come right on out to the table,
daddy; everything's all ready. Moth
er's reeling netter air you must eut
the supper I got for you."
After viewing tho bread cut at a 45
degree angle, cold potatoes from the
previous night, and oilier things which
Clara had gathered for the royal re
past, father said :
"Well, my little girl Is right on the
Job, eh? We'll never miss Mary, will
we? That's Just Hue, honey; daddy
knows you will look out for him, all
right, won't you?"
"Oh, es," said Clara, then coyly.
"Dad, how much do you think you
ought to pay tneV"
Neat.
She Sco that girl at tho third ta
ble. Don't .vou think she's awfully
joung to wear such a decollete gownl
Ho Well, bhe certainly Is a stripling.
The theatrical deadhead Is both
passed and present.
There's More Than Flavor
Many foods.while pleasing to taste,
contain but little nourishment.
Grape5Nuts
combines with its rich, sweet flavor the
full nutriment of wheat and malted barley
which makes it an ideal food.
It has been the favorite ready-to-eat
cereal for a Quarter of a centuryc
4 There s a Reason9