RED CLOUD, NEBRASKA, CHIEF WHERE DO SEALS GO IN WINTER? - Ancient Mystery Remains Un solved to This Day, Says a Writer. HERDS ARE NOW SMALLER (Formerly the Annual Kill Waa 100,000, hut the Law Now Bar Wholesale Slaughter Killing Done by Natives. Washington. (nliirlty of fur With the growing pop coat 8 tliu Interest In their origin Ih also devclonlne. and iiunny nn owner of u handsome sealskin icont muses Idly over lis history before (reaching her nud (he phnscs of ltd pro jductlon. Hut very few nre aware of n real mystery nttuched to the gnrment 'which Is so .Important to the smnrt rwomnn's wardrobe for there Ih Indeed a niyHtcry surrounding tho seal nnil In mil the yenrs these nulmnls have been put to cotmnerclnl use and have been under such close observation no one 'has ever been able to discover where they go in winter. No one yet lias been ublo to make n record of their hiding place, according to Gas Logic, which gives something of tho history of the seal. "In Alaska, tho Foals begin to nppcnr on the Islands of St. Paul and St. George nbout the end of April or tho first of May," reads the article, "nnd townrd the latter part of August or In the first weeks of September, they dis appear as strangely and mysteriously as they enme. This Is one of Nature's jBecrcts which sho has kept most buc- Wssfllllv litll from aplnntlatu no wnll Ihs the prying eyes of tho merely curi ous nnd Inquisitive. Seals Desert Islands. "Even In the days, years ago, when the seals numbered live millions or more, apparently some signal unknown to man would be given nnd the next day the fog-wreathed rocks would bo hare, the seals having deserted the Inlands. With their Rllpplng off Into Ilcrlng Sen, nil trace of them was lost until their return the following spring. Then some morning they would sud denly reappear, disporting themselves In tho wuter or on the shore. "When the United Stnteu bought Alnskn from Russia In 1807, outsiders without any rights or privileges were In the habit of going there to kill as tnnny seals as possible. In order to prevent what might prove the extinc tion of tho scaling Industry the United States government hi 1870 stopped this 4 i4arsl Rebecca Was Late, Pastor Was Merciless Washington, N. C. A certain young and devout church wom an of this city, whose name b Rebecca, never misses dlvino services, but often is late. Last Sunday she arrived Just as the pastor wus reading from the Scriptures tho story of Re becca at tho well. As tho late comer tripped up the aisle the minister read: "And behold, Rebecca coma forth." Broad smiles played over the faces of the worshipers. Blushes flooded the face of Itebeccu. Courageously the went on, quickening her steps. "And sho made haste," con tinued the clergyman. Snickers from tho youngsters, broader smiles from the grown ups and half-suppressed giggles from the hulf-growns were tho response. Hy that time Miss Rebecca had reached her pew. She stumbled In and sank down as If she hoped the cushions would swallow her. "Let the damsel abide with us," said the minister, closing his hook and ending the rending, much to the relief of llcbeccu. "Baby Congressman" Gets Pointers fcvBBPWw j"KtI rm IBBa Km m,v ''sLLLLVSSB&inTlIsLvLLB aLsrwinHHIHLLHIBlHiLH 1 SBJBBJ-yaSF'MHlli-rrl ABK9BnnBJSBJBBBHBBKBBBIBBBHBBBBH '"Bfl"KrlBfcBll K"F9KH"K&u)SBBBBBHBBBBBB"BBKJBBBH .4jj4 . , - s, H H. 'xWPiiEsMaifeiiBi abbs-?! Ms4iHKHIHffilBfliBSHBHBfiHH&RBV i -6-. J-TmiI.1t1'r-m-m .ltlii9 V '-r-'-nB-HB9BaBftBA.BBBHBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBPr-J "Uncle ioc" Cannon, tho oldest member of tho houbo of representatives In point of service, was muipped recently while visiting with Representative Clarence J. McLcod, tho newly elected "baby congressman" from Michigan. "Undo Joe" was battling on the floor of the bouso long before McLeod wus torn. McIeod was twenty-live yearn old last July U. Indiscriminate killing nnd leased the Islands of St. I'uul and St. Ueorge to tho Alaska Commercial company, giv ing the company tho right to kill 100, 000 seals n year for 20 years. Tho Islands were later leased by the gov ernment to nnothcr commercial com pany nnd the killing was cut so that It could not exceed 00,000 seals a year In 1601 this figure wns stllf further re duced to 10,000 a year, and since that time It has vurled form lfi.OOO to 21.000 annually. In 1013 tho United States assumed entire control of the scaling Industry und It has conducted It since that time. "In 1010 nbout 30,000 seals were tn ken for commercial use. There are now approximately 400,000 seals tn Alaska nud tho government has taken strict measures to prevent this number from being depleted. No one not authorized by the government Is allowed on the two principal seal Islands except at the time of the killing, when the Aleuts or natives nre permitted to go there to uHend to the nctual killing of the nnl mats nnd the salting of their skins. The seals selected arc driven slowly in shore for a mile or more, every enre being taken not to nlnrm the rest of the herd. The pronw Is similar to that of ambushing u cnmpnny of sol diers, cutting them off completely from the rest of the regiment and disposing of them before they uro missed from the lines. Clubbed to Death. "When tho nntlves hnvo arrived at the salting houses, near which they have driven the seals, they kill them by clubbing them on tho head. After skinning them, the skins are heavily suited on the flesh side und put In piles NEW PLANE HAS WINGS LIKE BIRD Inventor Perfects Model After Exhaustive Study of Wild Goose and he Eagle. U. S. EXPERTS APPROVE IT Ninety-Six Miles an Hour With Eight Revolutions a Minute Claimed for New Machine No Vacuum Re quired andi Is Nonrlgld. Norfolk, Vn. An airplane with wings that flap like a bird has been patented by Thomas J. Bird, formerly of Johnson City. Tenn.. now a resident of Hampton. Vn. It can get up from the water as well as it can from land. It Is different from the rigid winged airplane, which receives Its Impetus from n rapidly revolving propeller. In soverul tests the machine bus proven that It can fly, and It Is claimed by the Inventor and government experts that it will probably prove n much better flyer than the present-day air plane. Mr. Rlrd snys his machine In the "take oft"' nnd flight through the air does not crente or require a vacuum, us does tho present-day airplane. Mr. Bird, who Is n marine engineer, sev eral years ago took a course In avla atlon at San Diego, Cal., and beenrao n regular licensed aviator. Ills Idea was to do away with tho present pro peller and construct u machine with moveable wings or planes that would flnp like any winged creature of tho air. Studies Bird Flight. To attain this end he made ex haustive studies of nnd observed tho lights of wild fowls, especially the wild goose nud tho eagle. Ills obser vations of the sustained flight of the wild goose convinced him that that fowl Is one of the swiftest of all winged creatures. lie then hullt n machine that ho flew successfully at Suntu Monica, Cal. The motive- power necessary for the propulsion of the mechanism of : '.!A?"'"'A iyw hcc-. fv- j -sw,.ww,Mg "sZSv!3!!!!"'5" of six, being arranged In three pairs, the fleshy side of each skin against the fleshy side of another skin. Later they are rolled In packages of tour nnd put Into casks, then shipped to Kan Francisco, whence they ure reshlpped by mil to the Eastern fur centers. "Seals weighing less than six pound tuny not be killed, according to law. Experts say that the best skins come from those mammals between the nge of two and four yeais. For the flrst time this year some of the older seals those from six to eight years are to bo killed ns nu experiment. The fur of these 'Wigs,' as the older ones aie railed, It courser and not as long and soft as that or the 'pups' or young sters. It lnk"8 from two to four skins for u coat, depending upon Its size and style. Though It Is not possible to set an exact price on the mine of n seal skin, It Is now about $70. Innumerable Imitations of sealskins nre sold, the best known being 'Hudson seal.' which Is dressed and dyed muskrul. Then there are numbers of near-seal varie ties, which have such names as French, Siberian or Baltic scul, etc. All of the near-seal furs nre simply dressed and dyed rabbit." t Twins Born Twenty Miles Apart Within Six Hours Although they were born 20 miles apart and In different counties, Reuben und Ruth Wolden nro twins. The stork visited tho homo of Mrs. Nuncy Wolden, wlfo of n farmer of Hill Top, Colo., nnd left n lusty boy. The attend ing physician placed Mrs. Wol den In a motorcar nnd drove her to n Denver hospital, 20 rollea distant, "whore a daughter was born to Mrs. Wulden six hours later. $- this flying machine Is a gasoline en gine or engines. Tho most essential mechanism Is, flrst, tho universal Joint bearing boxes, which connect the wings of the flying machine to the body, and wherewith the wings are caused to swing, flapping like those of n bird In the air; and, sec ond, the wing guiding disk that causes the wings to niovo downward nnd upward In an oblong circular movement similar to that of an oars man rowing u boat. This eliminates nil Jcrklug motion In the wing. It Is the constant aim of mechani cal engineers In the construction of gasoline engines in operation to hold down the speed revolutions to keep the heat produced by gns combustion, nnd friction at a temperature that will prevent distortion of the engines. For the typo of airplane now in use tho propellers must revolve very rapidly, nnd consequently, tho en gines nre speeded up very nenr tho danger point, ns where n speed of ninety-six miles an hour Is roaln tnlned continuously for mnny hours, which speed Is that of the wild gooso with Its wings nnd by muscular energy alone. In Mr. Bird's Hying machine, with wings likened to those of a wild goose, to attain this speed the wings will be propelled eight revolutions per minute, whereas tho propeller airplane will requlro 1,400 per minute. The wings or plnnes In this Inven tion ure formed from overlapping slats, nnd are so constructed ns to automatically close on tho downward and forward thrust of the wings nnd open ns tho wings rise or recover, thereby permitting the air or water, ns the case may be, to pnss through without retarding tho movement of tho wings. The Inventor claims that no dif ficulty will bo experienced In develop ing an engine revolution of ICO to 200 per minute, und a speed of 175 to 200 miles per hour. Tho aviation department of tho United States government hns signi fied Its encouragement of tho devlco by offering aid In tho building of n machine this coming summer at Its chief construction bnso at Cleve land, O. TEETH PROVE DOCTOR FALSE He Blamed Them for Neuritis, So Pa- tient Calmly Removes the Set. Wlnsted, Conn. Charles S. Warner, n commercial salesman, loves a Joke nud likes to tell one. Getting no relief from n doctor's treatment for neuritis ho said he vis ited nnothcr doctor nnd received a thorough examination, after which the second doctor told him his ailment re sulted from poor teeth nnd that ho could not expect any relief until the teeth had been taken out. Mr. Warner protested, hut when tho doctor Insisted, he yielded and re moved his false teeth and Landed them to the surprised physician. Mate Gold and Silver Fowls. London. Kxperlments in the depart ment of genetics, at Cambridge, of mating domestic fowls, one sex of gold and the other of sllver-mnrked plum age, brought Interesting results. When u silver hen wus mated with n golden cock, nil the sons wcro silver und all the daughters were gold. A silver cock transmitted the sliver fac tor both to sons uud daughters. CORRHUSKER ITEMS Novs of All Kinds Gathered From Various Points Throughout Nebraska. OF INTEREST TO ALL READERS iinirnav Blnlr will vole March 3 on it munic ipal lee plant. William Knlli, for over 50 years n resident of Pler- futility, Is dead. II. It. Hcrriugtou, a WnrnervHle merchant, dropped dead of heart dis ease. A community club of llfty charter members has been organized ut Wood Luke. Card parties are being ghen III Al bion to raise funds to help pay for street paving. Roys of the State hultistilal School nl -Courney contributed $82.30 to the Chinese fund. The Srnte Retail Jewelers' nsso elation will coin cue at Omuhii Fobrti u ry 1 and 1 I. The price of eggs nt Norfolk stores dropped to 23 cents per do.cn one day last wool;. Approximately 20,000 acres have been leased In Tluijer county for oil drilling purposes. More than half the townships of Hull county have completed farm bu reau organisation. Beatrice will vote on a proposition to return to the old mayor iiik council system of government. The state biennial session of the Woodmen of the World will be held nt Columbus April 18 and II). The $0,000 bond Issue for the erec tion of a new school at Morrill has been approved by ttic state. The Nebraska Retail Jewelers' asso ciation will hold the annual conven tion In Omaha Feb. 153-2 1. Ninety conversions resulted from the revival meetings Just closed at the M. K. church nt Franklin. Callaway authorities are lighting the most violent smallpox epidemic in the history of that section. Farmers In Thayer county have bought thoii-iiuds of dollars' worth of biirplus army harness and saddles. Airplanes will be added to the auto exhibits nt the annual automobile show at Holdrege the lirst week In April. The printing of the Nebraska su preme court records has been awarded to n Columbia, Mo., printing houe. Ashland will -vote In the spring on the questions of pool balls or no pool bnlls, Sunday baseball ami card clubs. Fire of undetermined origin at Thurston totally destroyed the build ing and stock of the Thurston gro cery. A pipe organ, said to be the largest outside Omaha and Lincoln, will be In stalled lu the Temple theater at Me Cook. Mlchuel Schaefer, a Watte county pioneer, Is dead ut bis home at St. Bernard. He was the father of twenty two children. Seven hundred nnd llfty-ono carload shipments of freight were handled by the Union Pacific from Lodge 1'ole during 1020. An epidemic of mange hns broken dut ntnong horses on the Indian rwer vutlon lu Burt county, in the vicinity of Decatur. Broken Bow Is agitating u Rotary club. If orgiinlml. It will be the smallest city lu the United States to boast a club. The Waterloo Presbyterian church, erected at a cost of $11,000 by the Jilnt efforts of the community, was dedicated last Sunday. Reports sent out from Beatrice to the effect that there Is nn epidemic of smallpox there Is btreuuously de nied by the board of health. The Peru post of the American Legion raised money to furnish head quarters by presenting the war drama, "The Camouflage of Shirley." Mrs. Nine Huff of Nebraska City was seriously Injured when she forced n pair of scissors Into her body as she fell to the floor In a fainting spell. The prlco of eggs In Norfolk and other towns In the vicnilty dropped to 23 cents a dozen in the stores. This Is a decrease of 17 cents In a week. Burglars entered tho sleeping1 room of two young ladles Misses Josephine F.ekort und Katie Bayol at Falls City, nnd cut off their hair while they slept. Burglars last week raided nearly every business house In Guide Rock, Including stores, pool halls and gar ages, (Carrying away cash and other goods of value. Kdwurd J. Crowley, prlvnte nt the Fort Omaha balloon school, Is dead from Injuries received when he col lided with another skater while skat ing at a local park. Ills skull was fracfured. Hogs hit the $8 a hundred mini: Thursday at South Omaha, with a few selling ns high as $8 00. The run of hogs reached u total of 13,500 head, making a total of the four days of the week of 5!),805 head ns compared with G2,0SO for the snmo days last week uud 31,02?! head for the same period last year, showing a gain lu receipts this year of 31,G22 for the four days. Ed Bolton, a well driller of Bloom field, has discovered u "steel vein" In Nebraska, ho has untitled Governor McKelvle. Ho says u test of tho steel proved it to be of tho highest quality, Dr. R. II. Kerr of Alma and Dr. F. A. Brewster, of Denver City, made u trip by airplane to Palisade, a distance of 120 miles, to consult with other physicians. In the case of the critical Illness of patient nt the latter place. Mlnden High school students pre sented tho members of lust year's bas ketball team, champions of western Nebraska, with watch fobs mounted with gold basketballs. A flvc-dny week has been begun nt Falrbury for section employes of all railroads. Citizens of Milford have voted bond for the erection of u municipal elec tric lighting plant. Pnneti will continue the county scat of Dixon county, having won over the town of Allen, at an election held last week. Jefferson county schools nre engag ing hi elimination contests prior to the county spelling contest to be b ld ut Fab bury April !l. Roy ('. Pulver, 17, Is dead at Al lilon us a result of Illness brought on by an attack of hiccoughs which be gan a short time ago. Mrs. Charlotte Ljoiis, 101 jenrs old, Is dead at Seward, following a pecu liar Illness of seerul weeks, during which time sho lay in a stupor. A twenty-piece hand has been form ed at Lodge Polo under the direction of Louis Dellrunner, well known throughout the state as a director. Forty-seven vuioads of hogs, pur chased from Buffalo county fanners and stockmen on the Callaway Hue, wcr sJtlpped fiom Kearney last week. Rev. Father Lynch, 75, pastor of the Catholic church of Wood Rh er ror 3(1 years, Is dead. He held pastor ates at Phitsuiouth and North Platte. A new record for a day's freight shipments from Cozod was established lu-t week when sixty cars of sheep, hogs and alfalfa were blurted to mar ket. Plans to relieve unemployment by the construction of several new busi ness blocks and many residences have been made by the Slduey Chumber of Connnei ce. A contract for n now court houso at Schuyler to cost $111,000, upon which construction will be started a year from March 1, has been let by tho county commissioners. Forty citizens of Wabash have peti tioned the Nebraska railway commis sion to require the Missouri Pacific and the Western Union Telephone company to reinstate Its telegraph In struments removed February 3. The Congress of Surgeons will be held in Omaha March 3-1. This Is ex pected to be one of the largest meet ings of the year and will bring sur geons from all parts or the United Slates. Lieut. Gov. P. A. Barrows has been excused for two weeks by a unani mous vote of the senate to take an of liciul trip east as commander-in-chief of the National Sons of Veterans' as sociation. S. F. lleekman, .president of the First State bank of Hickman, waa found dead in Ills barn, with a shot gun lying bclde him, circumstances In dicating an act of suicide, but no cause Is known. Fire of unknown origin completely destrojed the Harbin block, the best structure In Nelson, causing n loss of $3r,(j00. Tins Masonic lodge, occupy ing the upper story, lost Its entire par aphernalla. The State Board of Control has Just purchased 200 pairs of work shoes for the Nebraska penltenth'ry nt $3.05 a pair, which the board says Is about $1,."0 lower a pair than ut the peak of prices, wholesale. In ii communication to the Crelgh- ton university at Omaha the Stiite Bur association has announced the addi tion of it second collegiate year to tho requirement for entrance to law schools. The Omaha-Chicago division of tho air mull service lost one of Its pioneer flyers when Pilot II. II. Rowe, with Pilot W. L. Carroll and Mechanician R. B. Hill, was cremated Wednesday evening In a Gcrmn'n Junker plane, which crashed to earth and burst Into flames at Lu Crosse, Wis, The oldest sheriff In Nebraska, and perliups lu the United States, Is L. A. Williams of Loup City, who Is eighty years old and has been guarding the public peace and order In one capacity or another for nearly half that time. Dr. Wilson of tho stute board of health, lnvestigt.tlng the epidemic which has placed over fifty homes at Blair under quarantine, pronounces the disease a form of smallpox, hchoola and churches may he closed. The Nobrusku college of ugrlctilturo malls out an average of 10,000 fieo copies of ugiieultuial bulletins each mouth to persons icqucstiug them. The publications deal with practically every phase of agriculture. Copies of these publications also are distributed through county farm bureaus. They consist of circulars and bulletins Is sued by the Nebraska agricultural ex periment Million, the agricultural ex tension service and the United States department of agriculture at Washing ton. .The smallest complete airplane In America made a non-stop flight from Grand Island to Omaha, Tuesday. It weighs only 335 pounds, has a whir span of 21 feet and measures 10 feet from front to rear. It was built by A. II. Fetters and K. N. Grcevy of Omaha. The official hoard of the Presbyte rian church at Steele City has extend ed a call to the Rev. Frederick Kiiauer, who Is at present a teacher lu tho Hastings college. The other churches at Steele City have disbanded and tho church-going people huvu united lu supporting but one church. Stockmen of Arthur have shipped more cattle and hogs Inhe past two weeks than for many months before. Nearly all has gone to South Omaha. Holding him over a sixty-foot tres tle and threatening to drop him Into space anil crush out his life, a high wayman robbed Carl Hartman, coal heaver for the Northwestern railroad nt Norfolk. The Ashland volunteer tiro depart ment, since the receipt of Its new chemical, ladders, hoso and other ap paratus, Is said to be the best equipped force of any town of similar sUc lu the statu. MAY CUT SALARIES MEMBERS OF HOUSE VOTE TO REDUCE PAY OF 8EVERAL STATE OFFICERS GOVERNOR INCLUDED IN LIST Bill Is Placed on General File and Lively Contest Is Expected When Measure Is Introduced for Final Action Lincoln There is now on general fllo In tho lower branch of tho legis lature a bill proposing to scale down the salaries of Nebroska'o state offi cers and Judges below tho amounts tentatively fixed n tho new constitu tion, ns follows: Governor and supremo court Judges, from $7,500 a year each to $G,O0O. Attorney general nnd state treasur er, from $5,000 to $4,500. Secretary bf etato, nudfltor, ilasul) conml88lonor, railway commissioners, state superintendent, and dlBiricL court Judges, from $5,000 to $4,000. This bill was tho center of a hot fight In tho houso when majority and minority reports upon It wore present ed by tho coniiniUue on fees and: salaries. Following a half hour's discussion and maneuvering by supporters an-I opponents of the bill, a roll call was. ordorcd on tho question of adopting tho minority report, Tho motion was defeated after u c--.ll of tho house had been declared and sovcral absentees brought in. This action placed -the bill on general flic. Another bill reported In by tho fees: and salaries committee for tho goncral file is ono fixing tho pay of deputy stato ofllccrs, tho governor's secretary nnd the secretaries of tho state rall wuy commission nnd tho board of con trol. This bill was prepared nnd In troduced at tho Instanco of somo of the ofllclals boncflttcd. It fixed the nay of ull of them at $3,000 a year. Tho committco trimmed thlo amount, to $2,500. Tho secrotnry of tho railway com mission ulroady received $2,500, s that the amended bill allows him no raise. Tho board of control secretary nnd most of the deputy Btato o'llcors. have been drawing $1,800, but Urn aitornoy general's deputy got $2,000. The governor's secretary has also been getting f.2,000. Will Support Railway Commission Full moral support and such finan cial aid as la necessary to carry thru the struggle by the Nebraska htatw railway commission with tho inter state commerce commission, is extend ed in a resolution presented in tho lovwr house by Representatives Wil liams and Snow. It is further resolved that the Ne braska delegates In the national con gress bo urged to give their support to amendments which will restore to the stato supervision of railroad rate within its boundaries in 'the ovent that the courts sustain the interstate com mission. Appoint immigration Committee As tho result of inquiries by na tional organization Interested In the adoption of somo definite immigration policy by tho United States govern ment, which came to Governor Mc Kelvlo and wero roforrcd by him to the legislature, a special committer was appointed in the houso by Sponkor Anderson to consider the matter and submit recommendations. MosBrs. Douglas. Davis and Hascall woro named on this cmnmlttce. Mr. Davis Is tho Introducer of the Jap anese land bill. Anti-Jap Bill Passes House Tho houso refttspd to backtrack on its stand against Japaneso agricultur ists in Nebraska when It passed th DaviB anti-Aslatlo measure. This bill excludes Japanese, Chinese nnd low caste Hindus from ownlug ronl estate In this state. It doeB not denlgnatc tho groups, but does doalgnato all aliens who uro inellglblo to becomo citizens of tho United Slatcu, and theso Asiatics arc tho inollgiblos. Will Consider Rural Credits Plan What Is known as tho SouWi Dakota plan of rural credits, bnBed on tho Issuanco and sulu of bonds by the state and loaning tho proceeds direct to farmers on land mortgngo socurlt. will soon como beforo tho Nebraska legislature for consideration. The Lynn bill, providing for a system of this kind, luiB been roportod oy tho ftnanco committco for passago in the hoiiBO and will be considored when lu Is renchod on the general file. Kill Standard Loaf Bill Tho seimto Indefinitely postponed a bill Introduced by Smith of Douglas, to renuro lakeis to soil standard sized loaves of bread, or loaves or ono pound und ono and ono half pounds. Arguments ngnlnst tho Idll were that there was no particular demand for it, und that It would work a hard ship on the. smaller bukors out In tluv state. Return From Inspection Trip Representatives Sandqulst and Wal lace, members of tho houso finance committco, liuvo returned from nn In spection trip to Hnstlngs, Kearney and Grand Island, They inspected tho stato hospital at. Hastings, the In diihtrlal school and tho tubercular hos pltul nt Kearney and tho soldiers' homo at Grand Islnnd. While they wore not disposed to make public their doductlons, both members Indicated that thoy may have something strong nnd certain to Bay In regard to tho soldiers' home V1 ') v? r f j s T ."'.irtaw FT "WfW '' M Sn" Wif ' "lip n-m hmi um ni nmii , j IV n ; ,mi jtv ' r M " titc" in.- 14 "4-" 4&29mmX'WKi3Hiin tjs " a.any-s-rwwMe"'iwiM'i JSZlijtlMiltHtf ri WHIVIf' - i TMI mTr " 1 T-- 1 1 r t iww-f-w wtrtrviiww- ,, ,. ,