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RED OLOUD, NEBRASKA, CHIEF
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'jM'Mvlsa iaahi TelBlfi&r &ift j- -it.M -, .-sssssa s&i&Zjrji2ZD
A OING to "Coltor's Hell" this sum- emWKIKKBKWft WWoF M
- you Uncle Sinn's 10120 bulletin, Just If'' ? V- 111411
l,'': '',"? ",i,"'v-aLfvlv- , CBSSII
" " " .vou all about "Colter's Hell" fl . ;V- U AV"E
W which is to soy, the Yellowstone. iWjftt ''' ,-i ."' ? Mm&zMlll
oldest nnd most fnmous of our l'J w.i0jL!''K'i'"r-, trnMaki r$$$&!l
national parks. 1 A W. - 7 'nl
Why "Colter's Hell"? Well. It's WS? A t -1 S383ilfc, i..Tr
V & ?S V V i W- "MWi T r v v . ' Atf
one knows It
OING to "Colter's Hell" this sum
mer? If ho, he sure to take with
you Uncle Sum's 10120 bulletin, Just
off the government pre.. It tells
you all about "Colter's Hell"
which Is to say, the Yellowstone,
oldest and most famous of our l'J
national parks.
Why "Colter's Hell"? Well, It's
an Interesting story and not every
Th story of John Colter and "Col
ter's Hell" properly begins away back In 18011,
when Thomas Jefferson, our third president,
jbought the Louisiana territory from Napoleon
tUonnparte.
The western boundary of the. United State
,was then the Mississippi, ns llxed by the treaty
with Great Britain after the Revolution. Jeffer
son sent James Monroe to France to co-operate
with Minister Robert It. Livingston in the pur
chase of the Mississippi's mouth for $2,000,000.
Napoleon laughed ut them, ne had Just made
Spain cede hlin the Louisiana Territory, intend
ing to establish there an etnpiro to replace thai
lost to the British in Canada. Then Napoleon saw
he must tight the Britlbh. He could not light nnd
colonize, too. So, to spite the British, he told the
two Americans they could have till the country
between the Mississippi and the Itockles (Texas
not Included) for $15,000,000. And lie made Mou-
,roe and Livingston agree. Jefferson was scared
istlff at the net of his agents. There was a nation
iwide rumpus over the purchase, but congress rati
'fled It and the people finally approved It.
Jefferson had not the slightest Idea what the
United States had bought and in the spring of 1801
ho started the Lewis and Clark expedition from St.
,I.outs to tind out. This famous expedition went to
the mouth of the Columblu river and returned to
'St. Louis in 1SO0, after having been ghen up for
'lost. It passed a few miles to the north of the
Yellowstone, without even suspecting Its existence.
John Colter was one of the private soldiers of
tho expedition. Before it reached St. Louis he got
his discharge nnd returned with two trappers to
'tho headwateis of tie Missouri for beaver. In the
spring of 1S07 at the mouth of the Platte he met
I'Munuel Lisa and again turned back. Lisa built
.Fort Lisa at the conlluence of the Yellowstone and
the Big Horn. Colter, going alone to summon the
'Crows to tho fort for trade, passed to the south of
.the Yellowstone through Jackson's Hole to Pierre's
(Hole at tho west of tho Yellowstone. Returning
.thence to Fort Lisa, he passed dlugonnlly through
the Yellowstone, the first white man to see its won
ders. Colter, nfter adventures and truvels that give
him a front rank among explorers of the west, re
turned to St. Louis In 1810. lie recounted his ad
ventures nnd he told of tho marvels of tho Yellow
stone. St. Louis believed some of his tales of ad
venture, but would have nono of the geysers, boil
ing springs nnd paint-pots of the Yellowstone.
They derisively dhbert It "Colter's Hell," laughed
over It for n time and then forgot It. Gen. W1I
,11am Clark, hlB commander, was the only one to
believe him. On tho oiilclul map of the Lewis and
Clark expedition Is n dotted line from Fort Lisn
to the Yellowstone nnd return, with the legend,
"Colter's route In 1807."
The Yellowstone was discovered tho second
time about 1827 this time by Jim Brldger, one of
ben. William II. Ashley's lieutenants In the Rocky
Mountain Fur compnny. Brldger was the discov
erer of Great Salt Lake, a map-maker without un
equal, a mountaineer, plainsman and guide with
o superior. But he had a hobby big yams. It
Is he who made up thoso clussic "whoppers" of
the west the obsidian cliff, boiling spring, echo
nd alum creek stories. So, when he told about
the wonders of the Yellowstone, a scolllng frontier
said, with laughter: "Oh, Just another of Jim
Brldger's yarns."
Warren Angus Ferris described tho Upper Gey
ser basin of tho Yellowstone In 1842 nnd wob not
believed. Prospectors In tho Montana gold excite
ment of 1802 again described tho Yellowstone ; they
were set down as liars. Newspapers and maga
zines would not publish tho stories ; lecturers were
stoned. In 1800 the seml-ofllclnl Montnna Wash-burn-Liungford
expedition did succeed in getting a
hearing. In 1870 tho federal government sent an
lllclal expedition which officially put the Yellow
stone on the map.
Cornelius Hedges, September 18, 1870, by a
tnmpllro In tho Yellowstone, proposed that the
wonderland be made a national park a play-
ozr YZUov&raaz'j3riz2&
ground set aside for the people's use forever. The
idea took. Congress established the Yellowstone
Nutloual park, March 1, 1872.
The establishment of the Yellowstone as n na
tional park after 05 years of "discoveries" was
the tlrst time such a thing hud been done In all
history. It was the first national park In nli tho
world. The United States set the examplo which
practically all the civilized world has followed.
Uncle Snrn's 1020 Yellowstone Bulletin Is a
fascinating booklet of 103 pages of text, maps
and Illustrations, it contains everything .that the
tourist tieeds to know, from how to get there to a
time tnble of tho geysers and from the different
kinds of trout to the rfutomobllo regulations. The
following Items ure taken from the Introductory
pupes :
The Yellowstone National park was created by
the act of March 1, IS72. It Is approximately 62
miles, long and 54 miles wide, giving an area of
tt.JJ IS sqttnre miles, or 2,1-12,720 acres. It fa under
the control and supervision of tho national park
service of the Interior department
The Yellowstone Is probably the best known of
our nntlonal pnrks. Its geysers are celebrated the
world over because, for size, power, and variety
of action, as well ns number, the region has no
competitor.
Tho Yellowstone Nntlonal pnrk Is located In
northwestern Wyoming, encronchlng slightly upon
Montana and Idaho. It is our largest nntlounl
park. The central portion Is essentially a broad,
vlevnted, volcanic plnteau, between 7,000 nnd 8,500
feet above sea level nnd with an average elevation
of nlout 8.000 feet. Surrounding It on tho south,
east, north, and northwest are mou'utaln ranges
with culminating peaks and ridges rising from
2.000 to 4,000 feet nbove the generalMevel of tho
Inclosed tableland.
The entire region Is volcnnlc. Not only the sur
rounding mnuntnlns but the great Interior plnln
Is mnde of material once ejected, as ash and lava,
from depths far below tho surface. Geological
speculation points to n crater which doubtless , once
opened Just west of Mount Wnshburn.
There are five active geyser basins, the Norrls.
the Lower, the Upper, the Heart lake, and Sho
shone basins, nil lying In tho west and south cen
tral parts of the pork. The geysers exhibit n large
variety of character nnd action. Some, like Old
Faithful, spout at quite regular Intervals, longer
or shorter. Others are Irregular. Some hurst up
ward with immenRo power. Otheow shoot streams
at angles or bubble nnd foam In action.
Geysers nre, roughly speaking, water volca
noes. They occur only at places whore the Inter
nal heat of the earth approaches close to the sur
face. Their action, for so many yenrs unex
plained, and even now regarded with wonder by
so many, is simple. -Water from tho surface trick
ling through cracks In the rocks, or water frtnn
subterranenn springs collecting in the bottom of
the geyser's crater, down among the strata of In
tense bent, becomes Itself Intensely heated and
gives oft steam, which expands nnd forces upward
the cooler water that lies nbovo It.
At last the water in the bottom reaches so
great an expnnslon under continued heat thnt tho
less heated water above can no longer weigh It
down, so It bursts upward with great violence,
rising mnny feet in the air nnd continuing to piny
until practically all tho water In the crater has
been expelled.
Nearly the entlro Yellowstone rnjglan Is remark
able for Its hot water phenomena. The more
prominent geysers are confined to three basins
lying near ench other la tho middle west side of
tho park, but other hot water manifestations oc
cur at more widely separated points. Marvelous
ly colored hot Bprlngs, mud volcanoes, and other
strange phenomena are frequent At Mammoth,
PMotyMUvk
at Norris, and at Thumb the hot water lias
brought to the surface quantities of white min
eral deposits which build terraces of beautifully
Incrusted basins high up Into the air, often en
gulfing trees of considerable size. Over the eilge.i
of thes'o caned basins pours the hot water. Mi
croscopic plants called algae grow on the edges
and shies of these basins, painting them hues of
red and pink and bluish gray, which glow bril
liantly. At many other points lesser hot springs
occur, Introducing strange, almost uncanny, ele
ments Into wooded and otherwise quite normal
landscapes'.
The Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone affords
a spectacle worthy of a national park were there
no geysers. Standing upon Inspiration Point,
which pushes out almost to the center of tho can
yon, one seems to look almost vertically down
upon the foaming Yellowstone river. To the bouth
a waterfall twice the height of Niagara rushes
seemingly out of the pine-clad hills and pours
downward to be lost again In green. From that
point two or three miles to where you stand and
beneath you widens out the most glorious kaleido
scope of color you will ever see In nature. The
steep slopes, dropping on either side 1,000 feet nnd
more from the pine-topped levels above, nre Incon
ceivably carved and fretted by tho frost and the
erosion of (ho uges.
The foBSll forests of tho Yellowstone National
pnrk cover an extensive area in th6 northern por
tion of the park, being especially abundant along
the west side of Lamar river for about 20 miles
nbove Its junction with tho Yellowstone. Ono
traversing the vnliey of the Lamnr river may see
at many places numerous upright fossil trunks In
tho faces of nenrly vertical walls. These trunks
nre not nil at n particular level but occur at irreg
ulnr heights; In fact a section cut down through
these 2.0(f) feet of beds would disclose a succes
sion of fossil forests. Thnt Is to say, nfter the
first forest grew nnd was entombed, there was a
time without volcnnlc outburst a period long
enough to permit n second forest to grow above
the first. . This In turn was covered by volcanic
material and preserved, to be followed again by a
period of quiet, and these more or less regular al
ternations of volcanlsm and forest growth contin
ued throughout the time the beds were in process
of formation.
The Yellowstone National park Is the largest
and most successful wild animal refuge in tho
world. It Is ulso, for this reason, the best and
most accessible field for nature study. Its il.tlOO
square miles of mountains nnd valleys remain
nearly as nature' made them, fqr the 200 miles of
roads and the four hotels and many camps are as
nothing In this Immense wilderness. No tree has
been cut except when absolutely necessary for
rond or trail or camp. No herds Invade Its val
leys. Visitors for the most part keep to the beat
en road, mid the wild animals have learned In the
years that they mean them no harm. To be sure
they are not always seen by the people In tho
nutomobile stages which whirl from point to point
dally during the beason; but the quiet watcher on
the trails may bee deer and bear and elk nnd an
teloye to his heart's content, and lie may even bee
mountain sheep, moose, and bison by Journeying
on foot or by horseback into their distant r"etrents.
It Is au excellent bird preserve also; 200 spe
cies live natural, undisturbed lives. Knglus are
found ninong tho crngtf.
Trout fishing In Yellowstono waters is unex
celled. All three of the great watersheds abound
in trout, which often attain large size. Yellow
stone lake Is the home of large trout, which are
taken freely from boats, and the Yellowstone rlv
or and Its tributaries yield excellent catches to the
skillful angler.
The criticism often mwJe Ly persons who have
vlnlted granite countries i.ui ftftj Yellowstone re
gion lacks the upremc grandeur of some others
of our national parks will cease to have weight
when the magnificent Teton mouutaJn? Just south
of the southern boundury are added to the park.
These mountains begin ut the foot of the Pitch
stone plateau a mile or two below the southern
gateway nnd extend south und west. They bor
der Juckson lake on its west side, rising rapidly
in a series of remarkably toothed nnd Jagged peaks
until they reach n sublime climax, SO miles south
of the park, In tho Grand Teton, which rises ca-thetlral-llko
to an altitude of 13,747 feet
These amazing mountains are, from their no
ture, a component part of tho Yellowstogo Na
tional pork, whoso gamut of majestic scenery they
complete, nnd no doubt would have been Included
within its original boundaries had their supreme
raagnlflcenco been then appreciated. Alrcn-Jy Yel
lowstone flltors have claimed it, nnd automobile
stages run to Moran and back on regulnr schedule.
In time, no doubt, part of It will tcAMed foMt.v.ii)
to the park territory. v
IffF W
American
legion
ICom f.ii This hiimilinriit Supplied ly
tlio .Miii-in in I ,.';.iiii Nhv.h Pert iro j
"TKt LEGION GIRL" DWCER
Convention of Florida Department Ad
journs to Sic Miss Angle Allen
D.nnec on Golden Sands.
Tlit snte ('oinetilloti of the Florida
depniiu etit til" the American Logon
held In Ttunp.1 recently adjourned to"
MISS ANGIE ALLEN.
tho seashore to see Miss Anglo Allen,
gurbed as "The Legion Girl" duueo on
the golden sands.
LEGION TO AID IMMIGRANTS
Plan Mapped Out by American Com
mission of Veterans' Organization
to Extend Welcome.
Immigrants entering the United
States will be received and welcomed
by members of the American Legion,
nccordlng to plans mapped out by the
National American commission of tho
veterans' organization. Arrangements
hnve been made whereby the local nost
of the community which Is tho ul-J
tlmate destination of the Immigrant
will get In touch with him Immediately
upon his arrival.
Information ns to the names and
destinations of all Immigrants will bo
secured at the port of New York and
forwnrded Immediately to tho thou
sands of Legion posts In order that,
they may prepare for tho reception of
the new nrrlvals.
"In some cases tho Immigrant mny
be going directly to friends," snys
the announcement of the American
commission, "but In mnny rases ho
will be friendless and will be sure to
hnve great trouble. Ho mny need as
sistance In finding out where he enn
lenrn English, where he can send his
children to school, where be can find a
place to live and a place to work.
Nothing could be more effective in lin
ing up the new arrival on the side of
law and order nnd of the things we
believe In as being best for tho coun
try thnn this friendly welcome. It
Is this personal greeting from Amer
ica that will help make the newcomer
a 100 per cent American."
APPRECIATES AID OF LEGION
Federal Vocational Training Board
Commends Consideration and Co
operation in Connecticut
Tiiomns .T. Biinnigan, director of the
service department of the American
Legion nt nartford, Conn., hns re
ceived this letter from Thomas KIrby,
central ofilce eligibility officer for tho
federal vocational training board:
"Before leaving Connecticut I de
sire on behalf of the chief at Washing
ton nnd the whole federal board to
express sincere appreciation for tho
consistent consideration and hoarty
co-operation "of tho American Legion
during our stay In this state.
"There Is consummate satisfaction
and Justifiable pride ns we sea these
men, bearing the honorable scars of
natlonnl service, marching Into tho
dawn of a new era In their lives to
become more valuable to themselves
and to tho country, and In the suc
cess that has attended our efforts tho
wholehearted support of your organ
ization hns been n conspicuous nssct.
"While wo nre to ho physically sep
arated from you, you mny be assured
the triple chain of appreciation, re
spect nnd esteem thnt has bound you
close to us during our brief but
strenuous enmpaign will continue In
tact, and If In the futuro tho Legion
has any suggestions that might aid
us In our work, they will receive tho
most respectful nnd serious consider
ation of tho high authorities of the
bonrd."
Mr. Bannlgnn nlsn Is the adjutant
of the department of Connecticut.
A Call for Senor Villa.
"And now, Johnny," snld the teoch
er, "con you tell mo what Is raised
In Mexico?"
"Aw, go on," replied tho bright
boy. "I know whnt you want mo to
say, but ma told me I shouldn't talk
rough." American Legion Weekly.
TEN POSTS ADOPT ORPHANS
A. . F. Men, Home Again, Show
They Have Not Forgotten Father-
less French Children.
When the A. IJ packed all Its
troubles In Us old kit bug and sailed
for home loaded down with German
helmets, It left behind In Fiance 3H00
Utile war orphans which It had adopt
ed dining the war and for whose main
tenance ami education it had been pay
lug. Tlieie was baldly an out tit In
Frame whhh at one time was not In
I'.immitnli'allou with lt tln, mascot,
a commuiilmtli'n of a del ghtfullv
1 1 ; t 1 1 1 1 tialure Hint slieltlliv, Mini and
cnutlcs could nit Inieritipt.
Now the A. 13. F. Is back home again
and hundreds of thoiisan'ils hne en
INled In the ranks of the American
Legion. Consequently, with the mem
ories of the loiters of petite .lean and
petite .loanelte flesh In their m'ntls,
the one-time godfathers of the evpe
(lltloiiar.v fon es are again adopting
the war orphans of France.
So far ten posts have adopted or
phans, ami a heavy enrollment on the
list of godfathers lsv.pectod. It costs
only $75 to maintain an orphan' for a
oar, the funds being forwarded to
national headquarters In Indianapolis,
whore they are turned over to tho
American Bed Cross, which Is assign
lug the (hlldrcu nnd attending to all
the details of the work on the other
side.
WAR BRIDES ORGANIZE CLUB
Newlyweds From France Band To
gether In Los Angeles Hold
Regular Meetings.
When Greek meets Greek thero
comes the tug-of-wnr, but when
French war bride meets French war
bride, they apparently form a club. At
least, that Is what they have done In
Los Angeles, which bonsts no less than
fivo one-time mademoiselles who choso
to follow their soldier husbands across
tho seas and a continent they had nov
cr seen before to a home lu sunny
California.
Regular meetings nro held by tho
club nt which, It is to be presumed,
the main topic of conversation Is what
Is new In the way of fashions from
Paris, and tho lntest wrlnklo In house
hold thrift, nn art wherein tho French
woman always has excelled.
The members of the club are Mrs.
Jack Klwood, formerly Mile. Blanche
Dcckukulatro of Lille; Mrs. Walter B.
Matthews, formerly Mile. Gennalno
Vlallon of Pnris; Mrs. Robert Allen,
formerly Mile. Helcno Bernard of
Paris; Mrs. L. C. Wilson, formerly
Mile. Henrlette Bcrgoyre of Bordeaux,
and Mrs. Arthur Wlthrow, formerly
Mile. Mnxlmllllenno Barren of Marseilles.
SHE CAN ANSWER QUESTIONS
Miss Pearl Burtnett Is In Charge of
Statistical Section at the Na
tional Headquarters.
Whenever anybody wants to know
how many posts tho American Legion
has, where they are located, who their
officers are or tiny other information
H-VHL v; ';:'" s '. fMm
H wm mL. "V ., '. Mi- H
MISS PEARL BURTNETT.
of a statistical nnturo their questions
are answered by Miss Pearl Burtnett
of Indianapolis.
Miss Burtnett hns charge of the rec
ords In the statistical section of the
organization division nt American ,
Legion national headquarters and
what sho doesn't know about the
Legion and Its multitude of Integral
units probably Isn't worth knowing
anyhow.
Affiliation 8eems Certain.
A close affiliation between tho Amer
ican Legion, the G. A. R. nnd the
Great War Veterans' Association of
Canada, is the aim expressed In, a,
resolution that the executive council
of the Cunndlan organization recently
adopted (at Winnipeg. It was recom
mended that negotiations be opened
with tho American bodies. Tho reso
lution is to be presented to tiie Great
War Veterans' association for approv
al, and It Is believed that Us adoption
Is certain.
Patriotism Is Normal,'
No one may Impugn the American
ism of tho Upper Michigan peninsula
wltliout getting a rise out of Bessemer
Post No. 27, which at a recent meet
ing adopted a resolution denying In
unmistakable terms that tho patriot
ism of that section was other than
normal. Tho action followed a re
cent statement by a leglonalre ac
cusing the peninsula of harboring
"alien slackers."
0