BED OLOUD, NEBRASKA, CHIEF
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Raising of Manu Sunken
Ships bu England Helps
to Defeat the German
Submarine Campaign
1Q
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WStf? W 9 Sfc
UILUINO now ships to replace
losses Is not tlio only v:iy to defeat
tin Gorman submarine ciitiiii:tin.
Saving ships tlmt hnve boon duin
aged, lifting Miosis ovi-n. that have
lii'i'ii Mini;, nnil restoring them to
sougolns, condition, nit' among tin
methods which linvi" gradually boon
Improve! in Midland us the strin
gency of the shipping shortage be
came greater each month. The reason why the
lirlll.sh iiuUinrllles were not fully equipped to
rulso every .ship that was Mink lroin the very
Mart of tin war Is purely commercial. Salving
ships costs money. Untitling new ones costs
money. Ho linn; as the cost of salving was equal
or even slightly In excess of the cost of building.
ho long It was not worlh the while of ownei.s to
order salvage operations Just .so long were In
vention and progress In the art of salvage de
layed. When the, salving of ships hecame urgent
in the course of 1010 Inventors of new appli
ances and hew methods, salvage experts of many
years .standing, set their hralns to work, and the
result Is that today ships can be raised ami re
paired frum positions that two years ago would
have been abandoned as hopeless.
As showing how need stimulates invention, 1
may instunco a discovery in chemistry which
has proved to be of the utum.it value In salvuge
work, writes II. C. Forruby 'n Country Life. It
Is obvious that when a ship, laden with grain,
beef, or other perishable stuffs, gets water-logged
with seawater, something u?y unpleasant Is go
lug to happen to her cargo. In point of fact, It
turns Into miniature poison-gas factory, (iraln
produces sulphuretted hydrogen, and the salvage
men who stumble on a pocket of that in a
beached ship would be seized with violent sick
ness, would be partially blinded for some time,
und would turn a dull leaden color in the fate.
Experiment brought an antidote to this trouble,
und now the cargo of u ship that Is to be halved
can be sprayed with a bpeclal solution as soon
us there is any reason to suspect poison gas.
This spraying removes all danger.
.Salvage work before the war was puiely a
private enterprise. The admiralty had no salv
age brunch, and when warships went ashore or
were beached after collision the private linns,
like the Liverpool Salvage association, were
culled In. War altered that, like many other
things In the maritime world, and today the
whole of the salvage work mound the United
Kingdom Is carried out by an admiralty dopait
mem. Hut since the men manning that depart
l cut are, without exception, the former heads
of the salvage business, the difference is mainly
In titles and not la methods.
Warship salving hV confidential, and the work
done by the department in MiN direction cannot
be described. Its shine in keeping the allies
supplli.d with merchant ships, howeer, Is not
sociot, and the recoid of work done since Octo
ber, llllfi, Is an excellent one. Down to the end
of J017 the admiralty salvage section, under the
guidance of dipt. J W. Young, had tescued :(!
wrecked, mined or torpedoed ships und sent tin fit
In for repairs. All that time t'u-lr cvporlouro
was growing. .New material was being built for
the work, new ideas were being put Into prac
tical shape, and the result Is th.-i the jenr 11)18
has so far seen a romnikublo increase In Mm
number of ships mived. 'J he figures for the
eurly pint of this year are: January, 11; Febru
ary, 41; March, 07; April, 0(5; Muj, 10; giving a
total of 1 17. Thus In 02 months -107 slops have
been restored to the world's mercantile tonnage.
The Germans count ull these and sonic of them
twice over, in their calculations of the tonnage
loss inlllcted on the allies by the submarine
lumpuign.
Hvery salvage man will tell you that the only
thing certain about It is that you never know
what Is going to happen. A ship muy be ushoro
la the simplest position, with just one big hole
In her to be patched up, and it looks like a Job
that will take a few days. In the end you are.
perhaps, six months hanging around with that
one ship before you can get her to (lout. Weath
er, tides and the condition of the cargo nil pluy
a lending part in the work. The only tiling the
salvage man has got to do all the time Is to be
patient. That, pet Imps, Is why they all look ko
tired. Walling Is a weary business.
The weather is the worst enemy of salvage
men. It Is very nice on a line summer's day to
stand on the cliffs und look down at the busy
humming workshops that we call salvage steam
ers clustered round a wreck that shines red with
rust In the sunlight. The motors of the pumps
drone Incessantly, and the great liMneli pipes
Kend out cascades of gray water whose stale
scent travels fur helore It Is lost. The metal
helmeted divers clamber up and down, sitting
for a while In the sun to make report of their
progress below, receiving orders for the next
etuge, or Just resting. It Is different when the
southwesterly gules blow, when rollers pour In
from the Atlantic and pound down like. Nunsiiiytb
hummers on the decks of tlio wreck. The sal
vugo bouts and tugs all have to run for shelter,
work has to bo abandoned, and only the still'
silent hulk Is left to weather the storm. So long
as she Is llrnily Imbedded In the sand or shingle
however, and Micro Is plently of water insido her
as well as outside, It takes a good many months
of fitorma to knock u ship to pieces. It is ofteii
necessury, In order to snve a wreck from the
effects of weather, to Hood compartments In her
that had remained watertight.
Tlio problem of dealing with the water In
wreckH anil In slilps (hat have been holed but
are still nlloat has been advanced very fur toward
solution during the war by tliu general adoption
of a new lirltlsh Invention, which has beeu do
ocrlhed ns a niiraclo of modem electrical engi
neering. Described simply, It Is an electrically
driven pump which run ho entirely submeigcd
and will stllr pump ns elllclently as if u wero
above water. The submersible pump, ns It Is
called, does things Mint no one ever believed
u pump could do. I saw one In the hold of a
u-rock reccutLy, covered with a black, evil-smell-
aw m m
l
e
&$ ;n$n'. au
WiMEMMk
&U.YAG iyQKK AT JLOW WOf
fsSMu ow wit&z . a wsScxsp cWGOSoAr
s sxQff 'ffj; j
lug oo.i, looking tor all the world like a bit of
wreckage itselt. lint It had Just Mulshed a long
bout of pumping under water in Unit hold, which
was filled with lloallng buirels, beams, tangled
Ironwork and n sludge that was indcsei limbic;
and when It had been put over the side und hud
pumped u tew tons of clean sen water through
itself, that pump wns ready to start work uguin
anywhere.
The secret of the pump Is tlmt it Is not water
tight which sounds absurd. It Is. Jiowever, per
fectly true that the water can flow In und
around the whole of the works of the pump while
It Is at week. No one has ever hitherto succeed
ed in .linking electricity work under water in
this wr.y; but the uses of the discovery are plain
even to the lti. mini. A ship litted with these
pumps, for example, might never to sink. If she
bus enough of them on board, hecnuse they can
be set to work In the Hooded compartments and
rump the water out as fast ns It comes In. Dam
age to the engine rooms does not nlTect the
pumps, because they do not rely for their cur
rent on the ship's dynamos, but on their own
portable outfit.
Salvage experts tell one rather amusing tale
of the versatility of the pumps. A tire broke out
In the hold of a ship that was carrying a very
valuable Inllainmable cargo. Two submersible
pumps were on hoard, and the captain slung
them over the side Into the sea, attached a good
length of hose to them and set them going to
pump water at the rate of about 050 tons an
hour each Into the burning hold. They soon put
the Ore out, and the captain then lowered the
pumps Into the hold and made them pump out
the water they had previously pumped in.
INTRICATE WEAPON
Hack of the torpedo Is Its iMi-shuped body, con
taining all the nuuhinciy to drive and steer after
It has been launched. From forward aft we Und
compartments as follows: A compressed air res
ervoir, an Immersion or balance chamber, englno
space and a buojancy chamber. The tiny engine
Is driven by compressed air, which Is compressed
to a high degree, and It rotates the propellers
whereby the projectile Is carried through Mm
water. The immersion or balance chamber pro
vides the means of maintaining the depth at which
the torpedo shall tiavel through the water alter
being launched. In the engine chamber there Is
also the device for keeping the projectile to its
designated path dining Its travel. This Is
achieved by means ol a gyroscope. The buoyancy
chamber, which Is placed aft of the engine cham
ber, Is virtually a vacuum. Without this cham
ber' the torpedo would sink. The propellers and
i udders ure astern and outside the torpedo's body.
WONDEnFUL RESEMBLANCE.
Dion Houcicnult. the actor-drainatlst, was the'
verv image of Sir Kenelm Dlgby, tlio seventeenth
century philosopher. Douglas .lerrold und Mout
golller, Mm Inventor of balloons, might have
passed us twin brothers. .Montagu Williams had
only to don a black periwig to become u perfect
double of Charles 11 as depicted by Sir Peter
Lely. The likeness between Uyrou and J. L. Mot
ley, the historian of tlio Dutch republic, was de
scribed by the poet's widow as "most wouder-
ful."
Charles MacFurlune in his "Komlnlscenees of n
Literary Life," describes how, In 18U0, ho met
Shelley In tlio Hoynl Hurbon musoum, Naples,
and showed him n stntuo of Agrlppinn, the mother
"7l
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v M.l ion . .v. A
Fire at faca, collnlon, weather and other murine
risks arc all dealt with by the admiralty sulvugo
section JttRt ns much us war risks such as min
ing and torpedoing; but It Is, of course, the war
risks that provide the bulk of the cases. Tlio
work of the section falls really Into three parts.
There are, llrst of all, the rescue tugs. These
proceed to an.v ship tlmt Is In distress, whatever
the cause, and endeavor to tow her Into port,
or at least to get her Into shallow water, where
ulie can go ngrouud or even sink and still be
sulvable. In tin- hitter case the second part of
the section's work begins the patching up, einp
t.vlng and lifting. This may take anything from
six weeks to m months. When she Is lifted and
afloat again nhe Is towed to the nearest sheltered
anchorage, and there temporary repairs are ef
fected, she Is i leaned up inside nnd her cupine
room restored to .something like order. It Is
the it tut. ns tar as possible, to enable her to
proceed to a shipyard under her own steam.
There are cnsn, of course, where the torpedo or
the mine hn ploded Just by the engine-room
and blown uvuyihlng to fragments. Then the
hull, patched up, has to be towed to the repair
ing yard; but m the majority of cases the dam
age Is In the Imws or In the stern, und Mm vessel
can limp aloii.' by horse'' after Inst aid from the
salvage sectUm.
lirlll.sh (salvage experts havo little hope of
sulvlug nuy of Mu ships that are down In deep
water. Tpe r''s,c'l limitations of divers nlono
would malte It an Impossibility to rnlse, for e.
a tuple, the Lusitunlu, and, so far, no mechanical
devices that hnve been suggested or made hold
out uny hnpt of doing the work of the diver with
any success.
of N'pi-o. "I i 'Id him that the Honnparto family
considered il l the very Imago of their mother.
When Miioai e Mere was In Naples, her daughter,
Queen Cnrolla- Induced her to sit by the statue,
and made n ln-ge party remark on the striking
eseinblance."
GREAV PLAY NEVER PRODUCED.
(en. Low Wallace wrote a tragedy entitled
"Coiniuodiis." ildch was founded on the story
of Mutornti6. an escaped slave, who lebelled
against his country, placed himself at the head
of a band if outlaws, planned the capture or
Homu und his wn elevation to the throne, but
was finally l 'rayed and killed. It was never
produced, but Lawrence ISurrctt, to whom It wns
submitted, wivtc (ii'iieral Wallace that It was tho
best play nln.- "IMchelleu," and that "both us a
poem and us mi acting play 'Coinmodiis' Is tho
best Kngllfh iniim," It was printed, but no-w
staged.- Host mi 5Iobe.
UP, SEE, UP.
"It's Just oi.wied on mo why thoso trnpezo
performers an- sech funny fellers," said the man
ager of the i-p'ry house.
"Wull, why is it, olo Smart Alec," asked tho
sher'f of the tn un.
"Why, cnuw tho dern cusses Is iillera nctln' up."
FAIR TREATMENT.
A beautiful .viing lady approached tho ticket
window, and In a voice like tho rippling of u
brook uskod the clerk; "What Is tho faro to the
fair?"
To wulch the clerk replied ; "Sumo as to tho
homely, madam."
EMPLOYERS HAVE DUTY
SHOULD HELP IN WORK
CLASSIFYING THE NEW
REGISTRANTS.
OF
Pointing out the duty of employers
of labor In assuming u i-tnpcr shut o
of responsibility for the I isslllcatlon
of new registrants under th. selective
servic.- net, a communication trom Pro
vost .Marshal (leneral Cnnvder has
beeu made public. The points empha
sized me as follows;
I have mil Iced, In the gin-nil ex
pressions of the public ntllttide which
roach this olllce, two frequent features
whli h lead me to the present com
ments. One of these features Is the
belief that the process of awarding do
f'eired classification to a registrant re
quires merely the filling out of the
ipiestloniialre, und that the seli-llve
service boards will perceive the pro
prleiy of making (he deferment, with
out the assistance furnished by the
tcglstnint's formal claim Indicating
the deferment desired. The oilier fea
ture Is the eniplo.ver's failure to real
ize his responsibility to Intervene in
Hiding the board's determination, und
I lien-fore to Inform himself fully on all
the considerations which should alfect
the decision as to deferment.
1. As to the llrst mentioned Viellef,
It must be pointed out that If It were
universally acted upon, the process of
classification would be seriously hum
peicd and delayed. Someone must In
dicate that the Individual case Is one
which should mi est the speclul utten
lion of the boards In respect to the reg
istrant's occupational status. The
boards do not possess a superhuman
oniulscence.
Boards Will Make Examination.
The boards will do all that they pos
sibly can, on their own Initiative, to
roach a Just decision by a complete ex
amination of the ipiestloniialre, even
where no claim Is expressly made. A
registrant Is therefore nt liberty, If he
sees lit, to trust to the scrutiny of the
boards to discover the necessity for his
deferment.
Nevertheless, the boards will wel
come and will need nil the aid Mint can
be furnished by the Indication of a
claim made for deferment.
1!. Why should the employer, or oth
er third person. In such cases, make
the claim? Hecnuse the employer In
Mils situation represents the nation,
because (In the statutory phrase)
"the maintenance of the military es
tablishment or of national Interest
during the emergency" requires that
some well-advised third person should
look after that national Interest, which
the registrant himself may not have
sulllclently considered.
It Is often forgotten that the selec
tive draft Is only one element In the
depletion of a particular Industry's
man-power. A second nnd large cle
ment Is found la the voluntary with
drawals for enlistment ; how large this
Is may be seen from the circumstance
that the total Indiicllons by draft havo
reached some 2,000.000, while the lotnl
enlistments In army and navy nninunt
to some 1 ,100.000 nearly three-quarters
ns many. A third element, very
large, but unknown ns to Its precise
extent, has been the transfer of labor
power from one Industry to another,
namely, Into the 'distinctively war In
dustries offering the Inducements of
higher wages. How relatively small,
In actual effect, has been the effect of
the selective draft Is seen In the fact
that, for all the occupations represent
ed In the 8.700.000 classified regis
trants of .Taiiuary, 1018, the percen
tage of the entire Industrial popula
tion represented by the class 1 icgls
trants amounted to only (1 per cent. It
ran as low ns it per cent for some oc
cupations, and correspondingly higher
for some other occupations; hut tho
national avernge was only (5 per cent.
An.v notably larger depletion In partic
ular Industries must therefore have
been due, partly to enlistments, and In
probably greater degree, to voluntary
transfers Into other Industries.
Must Remember Nation's Needs.
These other tntliiences nre theroforn
to he kept In mind by employers und
others, In weighing the question wheth
er the best solution, In the national
Interest, Is to usk for the deferment
of Individuals or groups of men. Such
deferments tna.v assist the Immediate
situation In the particular establish
ment ; but they merely force the army
and the navy to seek elsewhere for the
same number of men thus deferred.
The quantitative needs of the
mllltury forces ure known ami Im
perative; and an.v given quantity of
deferments will ultimately have to be
made up by the depletion of some
other occupation. Thus It becomes
the employer's duty to consider these
aspects of deferment, In seeking that
solution of his own problem which best
comports with the national Interest.
The keynote of purpose for all of
us ought to be, and I am sure will be,
that wise and ptofoumlly significant
phrase In the act of congress under
which we operate, "the iiinlntenance
of tho military establishment or the
effective operation of the military
forces or the maintenance of national
Interest during the emergency.
nrw
J3
Suffered For Years
Back and Kidneys Were in
Bad Shape, But Doan's
Removed all the Trouble.
"My kidney wero no weak that the
Ifnut. nnlit I enllt.tit .. mtl.l irAni If
... ... . .,, il IH.LV IIIUIII F
and Rtait uiy back ncliiuu until II
cmiiu nanny eniliim tlio misery," nays
Mm. I). C Uo, 073 Fulton St., Hroolc
lyn, N. . "In Mm morning when 1
mm Ruu up, niy oacK
wat) no lame, I could
Innlly hcnJ over and
any wove arnt dirta of
pain thioURh my kid
m-va. It win hard far
mo to ralW up ttairn or
t"?P , and to move
wlnlo lyitiR down neat
darU of pnia tUrouuli
mo.
"IT., i.i.i.....
t oiis were Kcnnty and dintrcfHinK ni
the water temaitied in mv svntiin. mak.
iiig mv fret and linuili mvcll. Thfcre
vi ere dark circles under mv cyea Mjd
I bocmio oo dim- 1 could hardly tte.
I hnd rlieiiinatio palm in my knees jnd
It w-aa nil I lotild do to pet nrbtul.
lor j cars I w.m in tint Klinpp tnd I
wore plnMera nnd unci! all kUdi of
medicine to no nvail until I tried
Doan's Kidney Pills. Thev ".1 me
of tho tiouli and ntronRtliMicd my
bick and kidiu-j a. When I hve taken
Joan's nitiee, they have aw.y bene
lited me."
Kicorn to beforr me.
L. N. VAUGI1AN, Xotary Public.
Gt Doan't at Any Stre. GOc Box
DOAN'S "iSSE
rOSTEU-MlLBUItN CO., BUFFALO. N. Y.
&
MRS. KOSV
jvv'aO
Skin Tortured
Babies Sleep
After Cuticura'
AXfihU: SMtH.OInkrfaitZBinild.TmlaimX
Sl weh in t "tUtlmy. . , PiWn ,r
GRAND, GLORIOUS FEEUNG
Moment In the Life f an Aviator T,t
Makes Up ftr Much He
Has Endured.
When you hnve been on pntnrt a
long way behind the enemy lines, shoot
Ins up towns and camps and railway
trains like a pack of nerlal cowboys;
when, on yur wny home, you hnve df
llberntely disobeyed orders nnd loafed
n long way behind the other members
of your Krotip In order to watch tin
pretty sunset; and ns u punishment
for tills esthetic Indulgence havo beei
overtaken by darkness and compelled
to land In strange country, nly to
hnve your machine Immediately sur
rounded by Oermnn soldiers; then,
having taken Mm despcrato resolve
that they shall not hnve possession of
your eld battlc-scnrred avion as wll
as of your person, when you nro about
to touch n match to It, If the light
glistens n n long French bayonet and
you learn that the German soldiers
hnve Imi-11 prisoners slnco the battle
of the Somme, and hnve Just finished
their duy's work nt harvesting beets
to bo used In mnklng sugur for Frendi
pollus nh, Isn't It a grand and glo.
rlous feeling?
To which I would reply, "Mills out
mon vleuxl Mais oull" Juntos N,
Hall, In July Atlantic.
No Trlfler.
'Too ninny of you fanners mnkv a
practlco of coming to town to whittle
and yawn," said the hypercrltlcnl tour
ist. "Mchby some do, but I don't," rcp.la
Gap Johnson of Itumpus Hldge, Ark
"I cun do that at home without bclroj
bothered. I don't come to town, skurcr
ly ever, unless I've got sotnothlng rlghi
Important on hand, like being drug la
by the grand Jury, or to hour whaVx
new In politics, or to talk horse swiUp,
or something thut-u-wuy." Kunftu
City Star.
Vagabonds havo no coupons attach
ed and are Irredeemable.
Success Is tho ono crime that soma
folks refuse to forgive In their f deads,
'
New York's Systematic Growth.
A remarkable forecast of population
of New York Is brought to light In
copies of the Sclentllle American for
September S. 1SIS0, A statistician for
the manual of the common council
shows the population of the city to
Increase until lOOo would have mado
tho population of New York r.-I.7.-llKi.
u llgure almost In accord with the cen
sus of that time.
Optlmlotlc Thought.
When one scleuco is learned others
occutne easy.
III Take
P0STUM!
you hear it more
ana more when one
is asked what he'll
hove for his morn
ing drink.
Delightful aroma
and xaste.and free
dom from the dis
comforts that go
with coffee.
Nourishing health
ful, economical.
NoWASTEatall
an important item
these days. Give
INSTANT POSTUM
atrial
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trj'fl
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aagwuryym
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jreve?
