RED CLOUD, NEBRASKA, CHIEF
!
?
1
BREAK WITH GERMHY IN
DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS
DOES NOT MEAN WAR BUT MAY
EASILY LEAD TO SUCH EVENT
ARMY MAKES PLANS FOR ANY EMERGENCY
President Seeks Only To Vindicate Our Right
To Liberty and Justice and An
Unmolested Life.
Western Ne-wsputicr Union Nowu 8crlcc.
Washington. The severances of diplomatic relations with Gcimany waa
formally announced to the country and the world by President Wilton at a
Joint session of congress Saturday at 2 o'clock.
The United States now stands on the verge of war with all the hictoric
precedent of centuries pressing It forward. Fervently invoking the guidance
of Almighty God In tho Btcp he has taken President Wilson detailed to tne
congress why the United States could not continue relations with a warring
power which repeatedly Invades its sacred rights and takes the lives of Its
citizens.
Calm, with n sense of right In which may prove the most sombre moment
of American history, the president stood in the historic hall of the house of
representatives and with senators and representatives before him spoke tho
words which may carry the country Into the world conflict, not for aggression
and not for power, only for law and humanity.
Silent and attentive, the grim company of the nation's law-makers llctened
with rapt attention while President Wilson told of America's course in the
now unsuccessful diplomatic struggle to dissuade Germany from her cam
paign of ruthlcssncss.
In concluding his address, President Wilson declared that he could not
even now believe that Germany Intends any overt act3 against American
citizens but that If overt acts are forthcoming he will again come before
congress to ask authority to use any means that may be necessary for the
protection of our seamen and our people. All neutral governments, he
believes, will take the same course.
"We wish to serve no sclflsn ends," the president stated. "We ccek
merely to stand true alike in thought and action to the immemorial prin
ciples of our people. Seok merely to vindicate our right to liberty
and justice and an unmolested life. Those are the basis of peace not war.
God grant that we may not be challenged to defend them by acts of wilful
Injustice on the part of Germany."
This statement of the president left no doubt in anyone's mind who
hoard him that he meant that he would ask for sanction of declaration of
war if he is compelled to again visit the capitol on the subject.
When the president closed he was met with a tremendous outbreak of
cheering and applause from both sides of the chamber and from the galleries
republicans and democrats alike.
Washington. Dreaklng off diplomatic relations with Germany does not
mean war but easily may lead to war. It is an act of protest characterized
In the usage of nations as a "measure short of war."
The clanger that war may follow Is accentuated by the diplomatic history
of the world. Modern times show no Instance of a diplomatic break between
two first class powers that has not been followed by hostilities. The rights
of Germans In the United States and of Americans in Germany are practically
unaffected by the severance of diplomatic relations. No treaties arc termi
nated or suspended but remain In full force and effect unless either govern
ment decides to denounce them, which under international practice generally
calls for a notice of one year.
Army Plans In Case of War
WashliiBton. Four plans of Iinmccll
nto action In caso of war with Ger
many linvo been worked out by tho
netieral staff of tho army.
Thoy involve:
U81iib tho ruRulur army and national
Kuard as a nucleus to train an army
of two million a year, sendliiB no
troopa to Kuropo durliiB that period.
OlitalninB Immcdlato passage of a
unlvornal military service law and
calling out tho first threo classes un
der It.
Rxtensivo establishment of training
camps In ovory stnto.
Putting American munition plants
and other factories to work furnishing
supplies and munitions for au army
of two million men and converting
other factories for this work.
No Trops Soon to Europe
It would be futile, army men say,
to send any of tho present army to
Europe. Russia lost eighty thousand
olllcors in tho first ten mouths of the
war, thoy say moro than tho total
strength of tho United States army.
General staff plans call for one hun
dred army divisions of twenty thou
sand each. Fifty thousand olllcors
would bo needed. At present there aio
six thousand olllcors available.
Youths reaching tho yeais of elgli
toon, nineteen and twenty tho first
yoar would bo called. Knelt year ono
million boys reach each of those ages.
One-third of them, It Is estimated, aro
unfit physically for military sorvlce
loaving about GGG.000 In each class.
Thoso would bo available at once, and
staff oxperts bellovo thoy would In
Buro an army of two million In a year
and four million in two years.
Many Perish In Explosion
Chicago. While moro than a bun
drod men worked over tho smoulder
lng, Icocovorod ruins of tho west side
tenoniont houso hero which was
wrecked by on o.ploslon Friday, thoso
results had been established: Tho
known dead numbered 10. Injured 21,
missing 24, nnd tho rescued uninjured
22. The tenement, located in tho heart
of tho west sldo Ghotto district, con
tained at tho ttmo of the explosion
Bleeping men, women and children,
variously estimated at between olghty
And ninety.
To Take Any Steps Necessary
Washington. No ono other than of
xfflclals and employes of naval yards
and stations is to bo admitted to such
government reservations. Orders to
this effect, Secretary Daniels an
nounced, had been issued and would
bo offectivo immediately.
No special order for Increasing the
fuard at tho stations, arsenals, wire
less plants, naval magazines or other
reservation habo boon issued, but
each commanding ofllcor haa authority
to take t'iiy stopB necessary.
Dramatic Scene in Nebraska House
Lincoln, Neb. All differences of na
tionality and party wero forgotten and
swept aside when the members of tho
Nebraska house, acting from a com
mon Impulso of patriotism, pledged
hemselves unanimously, by rising
.ote, to tho support of President WIN
on In the new situation which has
irlaen between tho United States .and
lormany.
Upon tho Joint motion of ftepreson
atl - Hoffmelster. himself a native of
ho kaiser's reulm, and Representative
'eterson, tho leader of tho republican
nlnorlty, tho houso Saturday forenoon
'oclared Itself unreservedly behind
ho government of tho United States
ti any mensures necessary to protect
ie rights and interests of American
UUgiih and tho honor of tho Amor
"an Hag.
Led by Mr. Peterson, tho legislators
ang "America" and, upon h's motion,
ho chief clerk of tho houso was In
ructod to telegraph President Wilson
if the action that had been taken.
Ex-President Taft on the Subject
Washington. -- Former President
"aft prefaced a prepaied speech on
ho Leaguo to Knforce Peace here
with a reference to the new German
i crisis, deelailng that if tho United
I States were drawn Into wnr Germany
vould force It by "her defiance of the
I Main principles of Justice and huinan-
ty whlh sli'uild obtain betwen civil
'.oil nations."
"The responsibility which now rests
n tho president and congress Is very
leavy" said Mr Taft. "They should
'enow nnd do know that the American
n'ople will hack them to the end In
'heir decision. May God give them
:ood deliverance."
Legislature Pledges Support
Lincoln. Neb. With evory member
.landing on his feet mid Joining in
ilio singing or "My Country "Pis or
rheo," the Nebraska houso of lepre
lentatlves adopted a resolution empha
sizing an earnest desire for peace,
nit pledging to tho president the un
llvlded anil loyal bupport of every
Itlzon of Nebraska, regaidlcss of his
llrth, In whatever measures may bo
ounil necessary to maintain the rights
)f Amorlcuns the dignity of the na
tion and tho honor of tho flag.
Now York Upon tho recolpt of
special instructions from Washington,
ludley Field Malono, collector of tho
port, has conferied with representa
tives of the department of justlco and
he Now York police.
Nono of thoso who attended the con
foronco would discuss what was cou
riered beyond saying that questions
relating to a posslblo emorgoncy wero
allied over.
Mr. Malono has increased his forco
of dock guards and apodal inspectors
until ho now has more than 1,200 mora
under his Command.
ON DRINK OF ACTUAL WAR
Not 8lnco Spanish War Has Nation
Deen oo Worked Up
WtiBhlnBton. Tho United States 1b
nearer actual war today tliun at any
tiiuo hIiico pencil wiih HlRiied between t
HiIh nation and Hpain.
Slnklni; of the HoiiHatitoulc-, au i
American hIiIji, with an American
crew, off the Scllly IhIiuhIh. by u Teu
tonic Hiihiniirlne, late .Saturday eve
nliiK, wan the Htep that brought tho
nation to war's vciko.
Sik h au act. iih oi em rod in tin1 sink-
iiiR of tne MoiiHiitonic, according to j
President Wilson's own declaration to
congress would i cstiil In his appear
mice before a Joint session to ask for
means with which to Insure future
s.ifety of Ainerlcnn lives and property
on the IiIkIi mus.
The piesldent did not ueo the word
"war" in his veiled threat. Neverthe
less he conveyed the dlst.net Imprea
slon that this Kovernnient will go to
any extreme to defend Its rlshtB and
keep allvo the "Immemorial princi
ples' upon which It was founded.
While "tiwiiitlni; the fact" liefoie ex
piecing themselves, olllclals were
nevertheless deeply concerned at the
developments which followed so close
ly upon I'resilent Wilsoifs frank
wamliiB today.
One thliiB Is certain, however, If of
ficial facts bear out tho Bloomy out
look (-an led In pi ess dlspat' lies. Pres
ident Wilton undoubtedly will ko he
fore coiiBHf'
Germany Begins Naval Campaign.
London The sinking of nine ves
sels., costing the death of eight men
and the Injury of one, Is announcod
b Lloyds. The announcement says:
"Hrltlsh stvamer Tievean, IJ.OSl
tons gross, and the lielgiun steamer
Kuphiates, L'.SO'J tons gross. Mink.
SN'Siiucr Dundee of Hamilton, Out.,
U.-'TS tons gross, siilnntii Ined. Ono
man killed, one Injured. Tug Ida
sunk, piesumubly by striking a mint)
while towing Inrge Fle men
lost. Two trawlers and three smacko
sunk with the los ot two men.
New Vol It (lre.it ilrltaln and hpr
allies are preparing to niceet Ger
man.v's moves In her hubnmrlno
campaign It Is asseited In shipping
circles hvie. The entente powers
wero convinced weeks ago that war
faro with undersea boats would bo
decreed sooner or later and have
known for days that the decision
had liven reached. Tho ports of
Liverpool and Hordeaux will bo kept
open at all hazards Hrltlsh steam
ship representatives asserted, even
If It becomes necessary to convoy
vvery merchantshtp which crosses
the Atlantic.
Berlin Is Silent
London. Router's Amsterdam cor
respondent snys that while Berlin Is
preserving silence In regard to tho
rupture or relations between Gormany
and tiro United States, the German
government has issued tho following
statement:
"It Is stated that negotiations aro
afoot between the authorities Interest
ed concerning how Germany, by re
moving cornln transport dllllculttes,
j can take Into account the require
, nietit of some neutral stateB In rela
tion to essential raw material, espo
daily coal nnd iron."
Says Housantonlc Was Warned
London. The crew of the American
steamship Housantonlc has been
landed at Pensance, Knglund. Tho
Housantonlc wus warned by tho Ger
man submarine which sank her, ac
cording to John G. Stevens, American
consul at Plymouth. Mr. Stevens has
sont the following telegrgam to tho
Associated press:
"Total crew of thirty-seven of Hon
satonlc landed at Pensance Saturday.
Vessel torpedoed by a Gertnnti sub
marine 12: III) Saturday Warned. Ciew
towed ninety minutes toward land."
Washington. IJeyond saying that
various precautionary measures weio
taken, Secretaries Maker and Daniels
lefused to make any statement, after
t i (inference with the piesidont. Threo
American naval vessels in the Medi
terranean, one at Alexandria, will nor
bo moved, it was said.
Asked to Support President
Columbus. (). -l!y a uinnlinoin
ote the lower house of the Ohio leg
islature adopted a i evolution calling
upon cltleus oT Ohio to stand hcluml
.'resident Wilson during the pieseut
titeriiational eiisls.
Col. Roosevelt Proffers Services
Oyster Hay, L. 1. Colonel Theodoie
ilooMJelt has pledged himself in sup
port of Piesidont Wilson In uplio. Mug
iho honor of the United States and of
lered his own and tho lhes of Ins tour
sons to the country in case hostilities
iro not averted.
Colonel Roosevelt said ho had tuked
poi mission from the war depaitmeut
to raise an army division, to bo unaei
his command His tr.cuds, It wjj
stated, have worktd on this plan mir
I'uce the Lmltunlu was Mink.
Philadelphia, Pa The German auv
lllary cruisers Kronprliu Wllhelin and
Prlnz Kltel Frledrlch, interned nt the
Philadelphia navy yard, wore seized
by order of tho navy department and
their crows imprisoned In an isolated
barracks.
lloston, Mass. Unltod States Mar
shal Mitchell has taken physical pos
session of tho North Germun Lloyd
liner Kronprltress In Cecolle, which
has been nominally In his custody
since tho litigation Instituted against
tho ownors by tho National City bank
of New York.
W
OF
TO
President Tells Congress of Sev
erance of Diplomatic
Relations.
RECiTES KAISER'S PROMISES
Says He Refuces to Delieve Subma
rines Will Commit Overt Acts
Against American Lives
and Ships.
Washington. Feb. !!. President Wil
son this ufteiniiiiu iiddressiMl n .joint
cssnu ol cniiii'ss. outlining the
eVents Hint led up to the diplomatic
break with (ioiiiiini.v. lie said:
"To the congress. February It. I!M7.
Gentlemen of the Congress-:
"The Imperial Geniiau government
nu the .'list of .Janiiiiij iinuoiiuced to
this government n ml to the govern
ments of the other neiitial nation
Hint on nnd after the lt dn.v of Febru
ary, the present month. It would adopt
n policy with regard to the use of
submarines ngnlnst nil shipping seek
ing to puss through ceituiti designated
ureas of the high seas to which it l
clearly my duty to call your intention.
"Let me remind the congie.s that
on the 18th of April Inst. In view of
the sinking on the IMtli of March of
the cross Channel pussengci sieuiner
Sussev by n (rmnti submarine, with
out summons or warning, and the con
sequent loss of the lives of several
eitlens of the United States, who
were passengers aboard her. this gov
ernment addressed n not1 to the Im
perial Gorinuti government In which It
made the following declarations:
" 'If It .still he the purpose of the Im
perial government to prosecute relent
less and Indiscriminate warfare
against vessels of commeice by the
use of submarines without regard to
what the government of the United
States must consider the Microti and
lndlsputuhlorulcK of International law
and the universally recognized dic
tates of Immunity, the government of
the United States Is at last forced to
the conclusion that there Is hut one
course It can pursue. Unless the im
perial government should now and Im
mediately declare nnd effect un aban
donment of Its present methods of
submarine warfare against passenger
and freight carrying vessels, the gov
ernment of the United States can have
no choice hut to sever diplomatic re
lations with the Gorman empire alto
gether.' Recalls Assurances Given
By Germany.
"In reply to this declaration the Im
perial German government gave this
government the following assurance:
" 'The Germun government Is pre
pared to do Its utmost to confine the
operations of the war for the rest of
Its duration to the lighting forces of
the belligerents, thereby also assuring
the freedom of the seas, a principle
upon which the German government
believes, now as before, to be In agree
ment with the government of the
United States.
" The German government, guided
by this Idea, notifies the government
of the United States that the German
naval forces have received the follow
ing orders; In accordance with the
general principles of visit and search
and destruction of merchant ves.sels
recognized by International law. such
vessels, both within and without the
area declared as naval war zone,
declared as naval war zone, shull not
be sunk without warning and without
saving human lives, unless these ships
attempt to escape or oiler resistance.
"'Hut.' It added, neutrals cannot
expect that Germany, forced to tight
for her existence, shall, for the -like ot
neutral Interests, ietrlet the iim of an
effective weapon If her encnij Is per
mitted to continue to uppl.v at will
methods of warfare violating the rules
of International law. Such a demand
would he iucoinpatilile with the char
acter of neutrality, and the Gorman
government Is convinced that the gov
ernment of the United States does not
think of making such a demand,
knowing that the government of the
United States bus repeatedly declared
that It is determined to restore the
principle of the freedom of the seas,
from whatever quarter it ha been vio
lated.' I Refused To Be Bound
By Any Conditions.
"To tills the government of the Unit
ed States replied on the eighth of May,
ucceptlng, of cour-e, the assurance giv
en, hut adding:
"The government of the United
States feels It necessary to state that
It takes It for granted that the Im
perial German government does not
Intend It to Imply that the maintenance
of Its newly announced pulley is In any
way contingent upon the course of re
sults of diplomatic negotiations be
tween the government of the United
Ftute.s and other belligerent govern
ments, notwithstanding the fact that
certain passages In the liupeiial gov
ernment's note of tho fourth Instant
ws
II
might appear to bo susceptible of thnt
construction. In order, however, to
avoid any possible misunderstanding,
the government of the United States
notifies the Imperial government that
It cannot for a moment entertain,
much less discuss, u suggestion that
respect by German naval authorities
for the rights of citizens of the United
States upon the high seas should In
any way In the slightest degree he
made contingent upon the conduct of
any other government affecting the
rights of neutrals and iioiicombatunts.
Responsibility In such matters Is
single, not Joint; absolute, not relit
live.'
"To this note or the eighth of May
tho Imperial German government iiuide
no reply. On the thirty-first of .Iiinii
ur.v, the Wednesday of the present
week, the German ambassador banded
to the secretary of state, along with n
formal note, a memoiaudum which
contains the lollowltig statements;
"The Imperial government, there
fore, does not doubt that the govern
ment or the United States will under
stand the Munition thus forced upon
Germany b.v the entente nllles' brutal
methods of war and b.v their determina
tion to destroy the central powers, nnd
that the government of the United
state-, will further reitllze that the
now openl.v disclosed Intentions of the
entente' allies give back to Germany
the freedom of action which she re
served In her note addressed to the
government of the United States on
Mn.v I. HMO.
'"Under these circumstances Ger
many will meet the Illegal measures
of her enemies b.v forcibly preventing
nfter relniinr.v I, 11)17. in u zone
nrouiiil Great 1'rltiiln. France. Italy
nnd In the eastern Mediterranean all
navigation, that of neutrals Included,
from and to Ungluml and from ami to
France, etc.. etc. All ships met within
the zone will he sunk.'
No Alternative Consistent
With Country's Honor.
"I think Hint you will agree with me
that, in view of this declaration, which
suddenly and without prior Intimation
of tiny kind deliberately withdraws
the solemn assurance given In the lin- j
perlnl government's note of the fourth
of May. 101(5, this government has no
nlternatlve consistent with the dignity
ami honor of the United Stntes, but to
take the course which. In Its note or
the eighteenth or April, 11)10. It an
noiinceil that It would take In the
event that the German government did
not declare and effect an abandonment
of the methods of submarine warfare
which It was then employing and to
which It now pin poses again to re
sort. "I have, therefore, directed the sec
retary of state to announce to his ex
cellency the German ambassador that
all diplomatic relations between the
United States and the German empire
are severed and that the American am
bassador at Rcrlln will bo Immediately
withdrawn, and In accordance with
this decision to hand to his excellency
his passports.
Cr.nnot Believe Germany
Will Carry Out Threats.
"Notwithstanding this unexpected
notion of the German government,
this sudden and deeply deplored re--nuticlutlon
of Its,, assurances, given
this government nt one of the most
critical moments of tension In the re
lations of the two governments, 1 re
fuse to believe that It Is the Intention
of the German authorities to do In
fact what they have warned us they
will feel at liberty to do. I cannot
bring myself to believe that they will
Indeed pay no regard to the ancient
friendship between their people and
our own or to the .solemn obligations
which have been exchanged between
them and destroy American ships and
take the lives of American citizens
In the willful prosecution of the ruth
less naval program they have an
nounced their Intention to adopt. Only
actual overt acts on their part can
make me believe It even now.
"If this Inveterate confidence on my
part In the sobriety and prudent fore
sight of their purpose should unhappily
prove unfounded; If American ships
and American lives should In fact be
sacilllced b.v their naval commanders
In heedless contravention of the Just
and reasonable understandings of In
ternational law and the obvious die
tates of Immunity, I shall take the lib
erty of coining again before the con
gress, to ask that authority bo given
me to use any menus that may be nec
essary for protection of our seamen
mid our people In the prosecution of
their peaceful nnd legitimate errands
on the high seas. I can do nothing
less. I take It for granted that all
neutral governments will take the same
course.
Purpose Only Defenso
Of American Rinnts.
"We do not desire any hostile con
diet with the Imperial German govern
ment. Wo are the sincere friends of
tho German people and earnestly de
sltv to remain at peace with the gov
ernment which speaks for them. Wo
shall not believe that they aro hostile
to us unless and until we are obliged
to believe It. and we purpose nothing
more than the reasonable defense of
tho undoubted lights of our people.
Wo wish to serve no selfish ends. Wo
seek merely to stand true alike In
thought and In action, to tho Imme
morial principles of our people which
I sought to express In my address to
tho senate only two weeks ago seek
merely to vindicate our right to liberty
and an unmolested life. These aro
tho bases of peace, not war. Grant
thnt wo shall not be challenged to de
fend them by acts of wilful Injustice,
on the part of tho government of Ger-muny."
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The Reason.
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Examlno carefully evory bottlo ot
GASTORIA. that famous old remedy
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Signature i
In Ubo for Over 30 Yeare.
Children Cry for Fletcher's Castoria
The Best Plan.
There Is no better plan for us to fol
low In our everyday life than the ono
which the Golden Utile murks out. Tho
Savior himself gave It: "Do unto oth
ers us ye would they should do unto
you."
Nerves All On Edge?
Just as nerve wear is a cause of kid
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c.iue of nervousness. Anyone who hns
backache, nervousness, "blues," head
aches, dizzy spells, urinary ills and a
tired, worn feeling, would do well to try
Bonn's Kidney Pills. This safe, relia
ble remedy ia recommended by thou
sands who have had relief from just
such troubles.
A Nebraska Caso
Mrs. Henry Krnat,
721 S. eighth St.,
Lincoln, Neb.,
snys: "My b a c 1c
pained utmost con
stantly and morn
ings I felt stiff,
lamo. and all tired
out. My Kidneys
acted too often nnd
I wjis In misery
vv 1 1 li rhoumntlc
pulns In my arms
and 'limbs. Soon
after I urpiI Doan's
Tvliltinv Pllla Iwiti.
'DmyPkturf
Tefodtorj'
evcr, 1 felt better nnd continued use
corrected tho trouble. It lias been a
long time since I have hud nny fur
ther cnuoo for complnlnt."
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