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ACCOItDINQ to tlio oldest lilfltorl
cal document relating to tlio
subject, tlio Song or Deborah,
tlio liiily who unt under a pnlm
troo (Judges G), tlioro woro forty thou
Hand moil cnpablo of bearing arms
whon Muscn attempted to "personally
conduct" tlio Isrnolltlo nation across
tlio Klnal peninsula from Egypt to tlio
promised land. Tlio Journey took nov
um I yearn and not many of those who
Htartcd lived to reach their doiitlna
tlon. According to tho announcementa
from Constantinople, Kaiser Wllholm
wantB to Bond 500,000, or twolvo and
one-half tlmoH an many fighting men
from tlio promised land to Egypt, hut
ho plana to do It In n few montlm.
Thrf Ulttnl ponliiHUla, lying between
EI Mn'nn, whero tho Gorman omporor
purposes to inasa hla troopn, and tlio
Huoz cntinl, Ih a placo practically with
out wotor.
Tlio Teutonic-Turkish plan, It lo nn
ncuncod, la to form tho basin of this
Htipromo attack upon Hue, at Aleppo.
A pari of tho dlatanco from Coiistiiutl
noplo doulitlosB may ho covered In a
comparatively ahort tlmo. Aleppo 1b
Hltuated In tho mldnt of tho great re
cruiting fields of AHla Minor. Whero
tlioro aro no railroads, thousands of
labnrorn have hoeu crushing Hlono and
paving tho way for tho hordo that la
oxpocted to paHa that way. Over much
of this distance great engineering
worka havo boon going on for many
yoara, and whllo wo havo no certain
knowlodgo, It la likely that tho way
to Damaacua haa boon made compara
lively cany.
Pilgrims' Railroad.
Prom Damaacua to Medina, one of
tho holy cities of Arabia, runa tho Ho
Jax or pilgrims' railroad. It la a prl
vatoly owned and privately oporated
road for tho convenience of pllgrtma
on tlmlr way to tho tomb or tho
prophet and to Mecca, many dayn be
yond, a dlatanco that muat bo covered
by camel. Many wrltorB, apparently
English Bympathlzora, feel certain that
tho rolling stock or thla llttlo lino will
not bo BuMclont to provide trnnsportn
tlon for tho hundreds of thousanda of
inon who aro to bo maimed at HI
Ma'an, a station loss thnn 300 miles
i ' ifrwfif JHfft'1 vMJEESmmmmmm $
DAMASCUS AND TIlC COOHT OF TtIL OKCAT riOipUtl
distant from Damaacua. Perhaps tho
Gonuans will bo ablo to overcomo this
dllllculty and got tho G00.000 mon to
Ma'an by tho commencement of opera
tions In tho Bprlng, aa threatened.
Whon thoy Icavo Ma'an, howovor,
and start woatward that's a different
story. Tho Arabian desort and tho
Blnal ponlnaula aro bo llttlo known to
Europo and America, excepting In re
gard to their history and geographical
position, that tho announcement In
rogurd to marching n great number ot
mon across to tho Suo canal and
supplying them with food and drink by
moans of motortrucks, sounds reason
able Tho Arabian desert Is a barron land
of mountains, hills nnd deep vnlloys.
Porhnpa motor trucks could climb tho
olovntlon, or pursuo tholr way through
tho bowldcr-scattorcd valleys, but mo
tors of tho dimensions now known can
not pass along rocky trails, not moro
than eighteen Inches wldo, and thero
aro many bucIi on tho way from Ma'ah
to Suez. Porhapa wldo dotoura would
obvlato trying to pass, but with such
a sun ns bcatn on tho Arabian desert
(frequently 110 degrees) and n scarc
ity or food and wnter, every nillo 1 a
tromendously Important mntter in tho
transportation of a half-million men.
Precarious Undertaklno.
Tho Israelites complained to Moso3
that they remembered tho cucumbers
and tho molona of Egypt, as they at-
lompteu to slriigglo along through this
..i..vu iu DiuihBiu iuuuk mrouBii mm
wilderness. That was close to -1,000
years ago. Men havo beconio accuu-
tomod to oven greater luxuries than
4tn ni,nllml.h.n I I ..A -. . .
wiu .ui.uuimuib uiiii uiuiujis 01 I'jgypi in
A. D. 11)10. It looks llko an Impossible,
nnd ir not Impossible, a precarious tin
dortaking. Even tho Teutonic allies
themsolvc8 would not bo pleased with
having 25 men of tho original G00.000
nrrlvo in Egypt. But In all theso 4,000
yoara tho naturo of tho couutry has
not changed to any appreciable extont,
oxcoptlng no doubt to becomo moro
barren than It waa. Oases havo boon
abandoned, whero thero woro palms,
nnd trails havo been covered by tho
drifting BidB. But mountains nnd
valloys aro doubtloss nbout as thoy
woro whon Mosea started out from
(Egypt on Ws dlvlno mission. Ac
cording to tho nowa reports, tho kaiser
intrustg to Leopold of Bararla this
$Pfo
similar mission, and ho glvoa him a
much more iiorloua taak to perform
than that 'undertaken by Mosoa. Ilia
men will ho stocked with provlslonH,
no doubt, an tho Israelites could not
havo been, but there nro twelve and
one-half times iih many of them, and
Instead of years, ho will bo expected to
accomplish hla work In weeks, and
bring hla men to Hue. In 11 htlng con
dition for tho beginning ot their real
oflcnslvo campaign In that region.
And to combat their lighting
strength they will bo mot by IiohIch or
Abysslnlans, Indian troopa, (Ireal lirl
tain and her European allies, who
have mndo voyages In ships to tho ha
tlolleld. Thun tho contemplated at
tack on Suez seems to bo one or tho
most tremendous moves or the present
world war, and ono nover equaled In
this territory whero men were lighting
soon after they began to Inhabit tho
earth.
INVENTION OF STEAMBOAT
Robert Fulton Given Credit Becauso
Ho First Made Such Travel
a Possibility.
Kelenco follows tho custom of credit
ing as tho "Inventor" of anything tho
man who was first really successful In
his Invention and ilrst made tho In
vention a puictical thing. Kotiert Ful
ton was tho first man to make steam
navigation an everyday possibility and
ronmierclal success, and ho Is there
fore looked upon us tho father of
stoma navigation. Itogardlug Sym
ington, Fulton, and tho invention of
tho steamboat, tho Encyclopedia Hrlt
annlca states: "Tlio Ilrst practical
steamboat was tho tug Charlotte Dun
dan, built by William Symington and
tried In tho Forth and Clydo canal in
181)2. Tho trial was successful, but
nteam towing was abandoned for fear
of Injuring tho bunks of tho canal.
Ten yeani later Henry licit built tho
Comet with nldo puddle wheels, which
ran as a passenger steamer on tho
Cldo, but an earlier Invention to fol
low up Symlngton'B bucccsb was tho
America, Kobort Fulton, who, nfter tin.
succeasrul attompta on tho Solno, lit-
ted a stenmor on tho Hudson In 1S07
with engines mado or his design by
Houlton & Watt, and brought stonm
navigation for tho Ilrst tlmo to com
morclul success." ir wo traco the "In.
volition" or tho stenmboat back, how
ever, to tlio man who Ilrst drovo n
boat with a steam engine ot his own
invention, wo como to Donis Paplu,
who in 1707 drovo a model boat with
a steam onglno which ho had Invent
ed, and who had In 1CJ0 proposed to
nso the piston rod, or which ho waa
tho inventor, to drive tho paddlo
wheola of boats.
Artificial Ears.
Artificial cars aro so skillfully mado
that thoy may with dllllculty bo dis
tinguished from natural ones, bo it ia
claimed.
When tho person who has lost an
ear applies to tho manufacturer for a
substitute, tlioro is mado a mold of
tho remaining ear. If there bo loft any
part or tho other, a mold ot that part
also must bo taken to assist in tho fit
ting or tho artificial. Manufacturers
assort thut no two eara aro alike,
and that It takea a skillful work
man to prepare an oar from tho mold
or molds.
When finished tho now car is pasted
on tho stump, or simnlv set In Mm
position of tho lost car,
It Ir rnnllv
only tho Ilrst artificial ear that is ox
neiiHlvn tlin Miir , .....i-i..,
i - - - -"" " )uiiiiiiiiiig
1 ,0 tno mn'l"& of tho mold. Vulcan-
,zo" rubber, which can bo bent mid
lwl!,t0l,( nns ucon found to constitute
! tllfl llOP.t Tllflt.lflnl fnH I. 1.1 .
tho host material for tho making of
aitiflcial oars.
Footrall for the Home.
"Unless you spend less tlmo nnd
wages in saloons I am going to tako
advantage of a now law and havo you
posted In tho BalootiB, and tlum'any
saloonkeeper who gives you a drink
will get In trouble." Hecordor Cain of
llayonno, N. j., warned James Flan
nngun. Mrs. Flannagan said her bus
band nogloctod her for saloons.
"Your husband might bo inducod to
stay homo If you rigged up a brass
footrall," suggested tho recorder.
"Then ho could bring his boor homo
and onjoy hlniBolf." Upon promlso to
reform, Flannagan was dismissed.
ir($rem&&
FOLLOW NATURE AS
Shutter Front
It Is not the easiest thing in the
world to so feed young chlckuiiH hb to
bring them to tin early and perfect
maturity and then to continue feeding
thorn to produce eggs and meat in the
greatest quantities. Too many people
let tho chlckeiiB feed thcmBelvoB. Oth
ers seem to think that a few batidfuls
of corn thrown out night and morning
Is sufficient. Unless confined in pens
whero they cannot got at their natural
food chickens will manage to survive
on Indifferent feeding for a long time,
hut If they aro to bo brought to a full
stato of perfection and If thev aro to
be made to produce till tho eggs possi
ble nnd tip tho beam at market time
at tho highest notch, a careful study
of feeding is necessary.
Tho natural food or fowls Is meat,
seeds and grain, Tho meat they II ml
In buga and worms and tho dry feed
in tho seeds of grass and grain of the
range, ir allowed free range and glv
en access to this in sulllcieut quanti
ties fowls will balance their own lo
tions and perhaps get as good result:)
as ir fed by hand. If thoy aro con
fined the lack of meat must bo sup
plied; but It must bo understood that
animal matter in tho shape of meat
meal, meat scraps or cut bono is dan
gerous unless It is fed In conjunction
with other food.
It is extremely dangerous to give
fowls too much of any concentrated
food as it only renders them ravenous
and unsatisfied, and in the end results
In disoaao and death. Food must bo
nutritious nnd to balanco tho bulk, dry
matter and animal matter must bo of
proper proportion to form Just the
right combination to produce health
and tho best conditions for laying and
producing meat.
As to the quantity to be fed thero
can bo no fixed rule. Tho safe way
is to ford liberally all that the flock
Chicken Feed Trough With Cover Re
moved. will eat up clean. It Is nover safe to
cut down tho rations of growing birds
until sorno feed Is left over every day.
Of courso too much feed of tlio fat
tening quality Is not good for laying
hens becnuso thoy do not lay best
when overfed, but this does not mean
that they should bo starved. A well
balanced ration consisting In tho main
of corn, wheat und animal matter will
keep n hen In tlno laying condition
Wo do not bellcvo that a very lean hen
Is tho best layer.
To persona who are obliged to buy
all tho feed for their flocks the ques-
DANGEROUS FOOD FOR CHICKS
Practice of Feeding Salt to Cause
Early Molt Should Dc Avoided
Unless Well Understood.
Doubtlena thousands of persons who
keep a few fowls and depond upon
tho scraps from tho kitchen consti
tuting tho greater portion of the food
required to sustain them, aro unaware
of tho danger there Is In feeding salt
food to poultry.
A very llttlo salt la known to bo
healthrul for fowls, but If thoy re
ceive moro than a very small portion,
such as might be found in oversalted
victuals, or in scraps Into which some
accidentally spilled .ilt had been
thrown, It will cause tho hens to die,
or if not sufllclcnt to cause death, they
will bo apt to molt and lose their
feathers out of sensor,
Somo poultrykeepers who under
stand Just the quantity n hen can
stand without damage, will feed a llt
tlo salt early in autumn to causo tl
hens to molt early, so aa to Jnstiro eggs
during the cmiy winter mouths when
eggs nro senrco This piactico is dan
gerous unless thoroughly understood.
Llttlo chicks should liao no bait at
all until moro than half grown, In
stances aro known whero chicks woro
kept in a barrel laid on Its side, with
tho lieu lusldo, nnd tho chicks all died
within n fow hours. Investigation ro
vealed tho fact that tho barrel used
for a coop had been n salt barrel well
cleaned, and yet tlioro wns enough
salt loft to kill tho cntlro brood.
Reason for Few Eggs.
Ono reason why eggs nro not laid In
tho winter months, ovon whoro thero
aro pullota, is that tho summer sup
ply ot worms, buga and Insects ia out
off, and no meat substituto la given
to tako their placo, Tho hen is an
omnivorous feeder, requiring both
meat nnd vegetables.
inri
CLOSELY AS POSSIBLE
Poultry House.
tlon la ono of great importance and
many people v.lio have talsed poultry
for years without keeping nccount of
expenses, and then turned to a son
Hlblo system of accounts, havo been
surprised to learn that It cost them
moro to keep their flocks than they
lecelved fiom them. However, people
aro learning how to manage poultry
and even with grain at tho high prices j
that have prevailed the last five years
have been able to make a compnta
lively good profit In poultry.
For gi owing chickens a mixture
composed of thtee pounds of wheat,
three pounds of comment, meat con
taining 50 per cent of digestible pro
tein mixed with two pounds of finely
cut clover or alfalfa makes an excel-
k
-4
.11
Chicken Feed Trough Accessible From
Eoth Sides With Cover On.
lent ration. Other grains at times
may take the placo of wheat or com,
although nothing will quite equul
them.
Of course in addition to grain and
meat fow la must have plenty of grit,
gianulatrd bono or wood charcoal nt
all times. Green food In the shape of
chopped alfalfa leaves or clover 1b es
sential, particularly In the winter
when tho birds do not haxe access to
the range. This should be kept before
tho chickens nt all times or It may bo
fed in the grain mixture.
Grit is absolutely necessary because
chickens cannot digest tho food in
their crops without it. For this pur
poso ground oyster shells, coarse sand
or ground rock may be used When
at large chickens supply their own
grit and it is not necessary to keep it
before them except when thev are con
lined. Tho dllllculty of keeping tho feed
clean nnd dry during continued ex
posure la nearly overcomo by using
troughs with slntted sides and brond,
dctachablo roofs. Build the troughs
from six to ten feet long, with the
sides five inches high. Tho lath slats
aro two Inches apart, and the troughs
aro sixteen Inches high from floor lo
roof. Tho roofs project about two
Inches nt the Bides and effectually
keep out tho rain except when high
winds prevail. Tho roof ia very easily
remoed by lifting ono end and slid
Ing It lengthwise The trough can then
bo llllcil and tho roof drawn back
without lifting It. This ariangement
saves tho feed, keeping It In good con.
dltion and avoiding waste The trough
should be placed in a sheltered place
out or reach of tho wind.
BALANCED RATION FOR EGGS
Wheat, Oats and Corn Make Gooo
Scratching Feed in Litter Don't
Overlook Green Feed.
Ovorfut hens cannot lay fertilo eggs
if thoy lay eggs at all. Corn is used
as the principal feed by many fnrmers
They do not utop to think that corn
Is twelve partB fat-producing and ono
part bono nnd muscle-producing.
Whent Is a moie balanced ration? bo
lug a little oer nine parts fat-producing
and onu part bono and musclo
producer With this Information we
can sc that ono-thtid wheat, one-third
oats and one-third corn in the cold
est winter weather makes a grand
scratching food (to throw among deep
litter).
Aa w either warms up roduro tho
coin and with bran as tho basis or n
ni.ish ted each day you will havo your
rations well balanced, with tho ocop
Hon of tlio meat and green foods,
which must bo looked attcr by each in
dividual. Ten per cent of your mnshes
bhould coiihlst of animal food of somo
nature. You cannot feed too much
green succulent feed.
If no beef scraps arc on hand, oil
meul mixed with your mash each day
will holp to tako tho placo of mcata.
FEEDING THE SITTING HEN
Besides Grain, Water, Grit, Etc., Fowl
Must Be Kept Entirely Free
From All Vermin.
Grain nnd wnter should bo placed
closo to tho nests or sitting hons, with
grit, charcoal nnd green feod, so that
thoy can bo induced to food regularly.
And oxorclso tho greatest care in
kooplng down llco.
Uso insecticides liberally and regu
larly. Lousy hons will mean lousy and
dead chicks
6AM COMPLETE
IN EVERY If
Maximum Amount of Convenience
Arranged For in Plan
Shown Here.
WELL WORTH CAREFUL STUDY
Intending Builders Will Quickly See
Points That Make Building So
Desirable Two Silos Provid
ed, as Cheaper Than Ono
Largo One.
By WILLIAM A. RADFORD.
Mr Willlnm A. H.ulford will . nniwer
lUFNtluns nnd kIvp advice KKi;i; OF
COST on all HUbJicts peitiilnliiK to tho
s'itJi'Ct of liulkllinf work un the (arm, (or
the rcmkrn of this p.ipor. On account of
his ulil j expert ni. as Kdltnr, Author unil
Manufacturer, w Is, without doubt, tho
hl!ir-t authority on nil thepe huIiJccIh.
AiMu'hm nil InqtilrliH to William A. Hail
fnril, No. ll?J I'r.ilrb nvnue, Chicago,
III , and only Incluau two-ci ut Htamp for
reply.
Three different kinds of material aro
used in tlm construction of tho largo
and well-equipped dairy barn that Is
Bhown hero. Tho foundations nro of
concrete, the walls up to tho floor of
tho haymow aic of structural tile,
nnd the upper part of tho barn is
framed.
Concrete Is used almost universally
for foundations now, no matterjiow
tho rest or tho building Is built. Struc
tural tile makes a most satisfactory
wall for several reasons. Walls mado
of this material aro very quickly built
and tho ulr space In the tile forms nn
effective Insulation against tempera
ture chunges. Hecause of the nonab
sorbent surface of vitrified tlio tho
walls can be readily washed down and
kept clean Tlio Is not biibject to de-
cay and will therefore lnot Indefinitely,
tho Biimo ns concreto.
Tbo upper part of noaily all barns
is built of frame becauso it ia so much
cheaper than any other way of doing
this work.
The clear spaco between tho floor
and the celling In eight feet six inches.
It Is much better to havo too much
head room than too little, especially
In n large, well-built barn, which can
bo kept wann vory easily. Thero Is
another reason for building with
plenty of rooi l. In this particular caso
tho litter carrier runa out onto a
crane that Is high enough above tbo
ground so that tho uianuro can bo
emptied directly Into tho manure
spreader without all tho rausa that Is
generally caused If the material Is
placed in a pile nnd emptied into tho
manuio spreader later. If tho ground
is on a slope this process can bo car
ried out very readily, but In some
cases a slight depression is dug so
that tl.o mnnuie spreader enn bo run
Into this and lowored enough so that
tho carrier will run on tho crano well
over It. Tho crano Is shown In tho
perspective and also in tho floor plan.
The floor plan shown most complete
ly tho extonslvo and woll-doslgncd ven
tilating system. Tho intakes aro
placed In tho structural tilo wall and
tun over tho cowa and let tho frosh
air In nbove their heads. Tho air Is
then carried back across tho animals
nnd goes out through the foul-air
shafts back of tho rattle, from whcio
It Is carried in flues up along tho wall
and along under tho roof to tho ven
tilators on the peak. Tho dotted lines
In tho floor plan show tho arrange
ment, with Its vailous parts.
Tho faclng-ln arrangement Is used
In this plan, but it could bo easily
changed to tho facing-out stylo if do
sired. Such a change would also In
volvo a chnngo In tVjo ventilating sya-
ixz
titnfrr"ff
TirmTi 4to.i.ajj
BETO
.j Lii jiiMtto wn
S-fcte lfc!ae4
a -I j-rrri I f"
grflaHNlBaP-
'lilQ-
CfTTJuRJWi tcrtt imi at
HUlftMTMbfl
Stable Floor Plan of Remodeled Dairy
Concreto Bridge Over Root
am An,t nrmifrl mnln flln Inlota tinffrnr
tho wall and tho out-takes In the cen
tral part of tho 8tablo. Tha trac:
would liut havo to bo changed In any
way however, ao tho switclius mak
It possible to run the carrier on any
of tho tracks from any of the other
trackB. Tho floor plan clearly showa
tho construction nnd arrangement of
tho track, with all tho necessary
awitchoa.
i All tho Interior finishings and wnlla
of tho barn should bo as smooth aa
possible, bo that the barn can bo
wnshed down with cold water each
day. All tho stanchions aro generally
made of enameled Iron or Japanned
Iron, so that the water will not li.ivo
any effect on them.
Two silos aro included In the plan
for this barn. In many instances the
owner may dccldo that It would bo
better to build ono largo silo, but very
ofion It Is cheaper to build two small
er ones. Tho higher tho nllo goes the
more it costs per toot to build it, and
very otten It la much cheaper, if care
fully figured out, to build two silos
that do not go very tar above tho
ground. Tho feeding Is generally very
easy In cither caso.
Ono of tho details ot a barn that Is
vory Important la tho typo of hanger
that la to bo used on tho sliding doors.
In n largo bam such as this onu tlioro
aro qulto a fow sliding doors, and tho
best quality of mntorlal should be
UBcd, or thoy will bo a nuisance. Tho
kind Hint is chosen Bhould have a
cover over tho track bo as to protect
it from tho action of the weather and
also keep tho birds out or it. It
should bo strong enough bo Hint there
will bo no tendency to sag or break.
Llttlo things llko this aro often con
sldorod unimportant, but If a farmer
had a door break down during very
cold weather and had to nail It In po
sition to keep his stock warm until
ho could fix it, ho would bo much mora
likely to consider such llttlo things of
Importance aftorward.
Tho floor plan shows nil the equip
ment that la necessary to do all the
work in the stable. For Instance-,
hydrants nro placed In tho stablo to
handle tho cleaning. This is a good
plan, becauso tho stablo will bo warm
enough bo that thero will bo vory llttlo
danger of tho hydrants freezing, as
thoy might if they wero on 'the out
side. Tho Btudy or thin plan will bo worth
whllo to any man that Is interostod In
tho best modem practice In tho ar
rangement of dairy stables for the
maximum amount of convenlcuco.
Undeslrablo Erzerum.
Erzeruru, tho ancient Armenian cltr
which tho Itussiana havo taken from
tho Turks, Is, from tho European point
of vlow, ono of tbo moat undoslrabla
places of residence upon earth. It
stands moro thnn 6,000 feet nbovo tho
sea, and in winter tho temperature
falls to 20 degrees bolow zoro, whllo
In tho passes by which it is approached '
ragea tho Tlpl, a torriblo blizzard.
Hut Erzerum la at Ita worat Ih sum
mer, owing to tho appalling lack ot
sanitation. Mr. Hepworth, an Amort
can clergyman, who wns tlioro aftor
tho Armenian massacres of 1890. found()
oven nn open gutter only In ono or f
two thoroughfares. Tho pcoplo sim
ply pile their rcfuso of all kinds on
tho pavomont boforo their houses,
which haa long becomo Invlalblo: and
mortality Is bo heavy that or 12 chll
dren, a common family, It la lucky it
elx Burvlvo. London Chronicle.
On Trial.
"Tho trial Judgo Bays wo must havo
evening- sesslona to oxpedlto mnttera."
"Good gracloiiB," exclaimed tho beau,
tiful nctresa. "And I haven't a alngle
flvcnlng gown."
Tho oil contnlned In onions Is on
onemy of tho germs that causo colds,
therefore, there Is a good reason for
tho argument that eating raw onions
will euro colds.
u-"rhi ''
iu
Barn. Upper Floor Is Reached by
Cellar at Far End of Barn.
if
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