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RED CLOUD, NEBRASKA, CHIEF
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Yellow-Bcllied Sapsuckcr
(Sphyraplcua varlus)
Length, about eight nnd ono-hnlt
Inches. Only woodpecker hiivlng top
of head from Iiuho of bill red, com
bined with a black patch on breast.
HniiKo: llrccds In northern half oi
the United States and Houthcrn half of
Canada; winters in most of tho etatcu
and south to Costa Rica.
Habits and economic status- Tho
yellow-bellied sapsuckcr Is rather si
lont and bubpIcIouh and generally man
ages to havo a tree between himself
and tho obsorver. Hence- tho bird Is
much better known by Its work than
.Its appearance. Tho regular girdles
of holes mado by this bird aro com
,mon on a great variety of trees; In all
'about 250 kinds aro known to bo at
tacked. Occasionally young trees aro
killed outright, but moro loss Is caused
by stains and other blwnlHhcs In the
wood which result from sapsucker
punctures. Thoso blemishes, which aro
known as bird pecks, aro especially
numerous in hickory', oak, cypress, and
yellow poplar. Defects due to sap
euckor work causo an annual loss to
the lumbor industry estimated at $1,
250.000. Tho food of tho yellow-bellied
sapsuckcr is about half animal
and half vogetablo. Its fondness for
ants counts slightly in its favor. It
cats also wasps, beetles (including,
however, very few wood-boring spe
cies), bugs, and spiders. Tho two
principal components of tho vegetable
food aro wild fruits of no importance
and cambium (the layer Just beneath
tho bark of trees). In securing the
cambium tho bird docs the damage
above described. The yellow-bellied
sapsuckcr, unlike other woodpeckers,
thus docs comparatively little good
and much harm.
Rose-Breasted Grosbeak
(Zamelodla ludovlclana)
Length, eight inches.
Range: Breeds from Kansas, Ohio,
Georgia (mountains), and New Jcr
eoy, north to southern Canada; win
ters from Mexico to South America.
Habits and economic status: This
beautiful grosbeak Is noted for its
clear, melodious notes, which aro
poured forth in generous measure The
joscbreast sings even at midday dur
ing suminor, when tho Intonso heat
has silenced almost ovory other song
ster. Its beautiful plumago and
swcot song aro not Its solo claim on
our favor, for few birds aro more
Ibcneflclal to agriculture The roso
Ibreast eatB somo green peas and doeB
soma damago to fruit. Dut this mis
chief Is much moro than balanced by
itho destruction of Insect pests. Tho
bird is so fond of tho Colorado potato
beetle that It has earned tho namo of
"potato-bug bird," and no less than a
itenth of tho total food of tho roso
breasts examined consists of potato
iboetlos vldonco that tho bird is ono
of tho most Important onomles of tho
pest. It vigorously attacks cucumber
beetles and many of tho scale insectB.
It proved an active enomy of tho
Rocky mountain locust during that
insect's ruinouB Invasions, and among
tho other pesta It consumes aro the
spring and toll cankorworms, orchard
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Interesting infor
mation about
them supplied
by the Bureau
of Biological
Survey of the
a4
nited States
cpartment of
ffriculture
and forest tent caterpillars, tussock,
gipsy, and brown-tall moths, plum cur
cullo, army worm, and chinch bug. In
fact, not ono of our birds has a bcttoi
record.
Purple Martin
(Progne subls)
Length, about eight Inches.
Range llrcods throughout tho
United States and southern Canada,
south to central Mexico; winters In
South Atnorlca.
Habits and economic status: This
Is the largest as It Is one of the most
beautiful of tho swallow tribe. It
formerly built Its nests In cavities
of trees, as It still does In wild dis
tricts, but learning that man was a
friend It soon adopted domestic habits.
Its presenco about tho farm can often
he secured by erecting houses suit
able for nesting sites and protecting
them ffom usurpation by the Kngllsh
sparrow, and every effort should be
mado to Increase tho number of colo
nies of this very useful bird. The
boxes should ho at a reasonable
height, say 15 feet from tho ground,
and made Inaccessible to cats A colo
ny of thoso birds on a farm makes
great Inroads upon tho Insect popu
lation, as tho birds not only them
selves feed upon insects but rear tholr
young upon tho samo diet. Klfty years
ago In New England It waB not uncom
mon to sco colonloB of 50 pairs of
marttnB, but most of them have now
vanished for no apparent reason ex
cept that the martin houses havo de
cayed and havo not been renowed.
Moro than three-fourths of this bird's
food consists of wasps, bugs, and
boetles, their Importance being In tho
order given. Tho beetles Include sev
eral species of harmful weevils, as
tho clover-leaf weevils and tho nut
weevllB. Besides theso aro many crano
flics, moths, May flics, and dragon
flics. Cooper's Hawk
(Acclpter cooperi)
Length, about fifteen inches. Me
dium sized, with long tall and short
wings, and without tho whlto patch
on rump which is characteristic of
the marsh hawk.
Range: Breeds throughout most of
tho United States and southern Can
ada; winters from the United States
to Costa Rica.
Habits and economic status: Tho
Cooper'B hawk, or "blue darter," as
it is familiarly known throughout tho
South, Is pre-eminently a poultry and
bird-eating species, and its destructive
ncss in this direction is surpassed
only by that of its larger congener,
tho goshawk, which occasionally In
autumn and wlntcrentcrs tho United
States from tho North in great num
bers, The almost universal prejudico
against birds of prey Is largely duo to
the activities of these two birds, as
sisted by a third, tho sharij-shinncd
hawk, which In habits and appearanco
might well pass for a small Cooper's
hawk. These birds usually approach
under cover and drop upon unsuspect
ing victims, making great Inroads
upon poultry yards and gamo coverta
favorably situated for this stylo of
hunting. Out of 123 stomachs exam
ined, 38 contained tho remains of
mammals. Twenty-olght species of
wild birds wero identified in tho above
mentioned material. This destructive
hawk, togethor with Its two near rela
tives, should bo destroyed by every
posslblo means.
Patience Needod for Success.
Tho advertlsor who loses his pa
tionco will lose out Tho massoB who
road advertisements move slowly.
Mall Order Journal.
V X5. II
P
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UNPK0FITAE
UNPROFITABLE ACRES
Fir and Cedar Stump Land Good
trrrpurul b (t-n t'nltnl Stntre Popart
rm nt of AKilrtiltuif i
"Low-yielding acres, like boarder
cows, are oft t fatnl to successful
farming," nccordlng to J. C. McDowell
of the office of farm management.
United States department of agrlcul
turo, In the new year book. "Our
farm survey records show that areas
of poorly drained, compact and sour
Bolls, or noils low In humus, greatly
reduce net profits. Sometimes these
records show that as much ns 30 per
cont of the entire farm acreago does
toot produce enough to pay its way.
"One fnrm in Wisconsin, on which
records were recently taken, has 40
acres of poorly drained land that In
Its present condition is practically
worthless. Twenty-five dollars per
acre spent in drainage will mako this
0acro tract tho equal of any in that
district, and good land Is selling there
at $150 per acre. A small portion of
similar land on this farm has already
been tllc-dralned and Is now produc
ing a fair profit on each acre bo Ira
proved. "Tho successful business man al
ways tries to weed out all unprofitable
enterprises and to expand thoso that
pay a profit. Unprofitable acres can
not always be disposed of ns readily
as boarder cows, but usually they can
do Improved until they becomo profit
scaring. If the Income from such land
:annot bo Increased it Is quite possl
olo that the labor spent upon it can
bo reduced until the Income at least
pays a Ilttlo moro than tho cost of
:abor.
Itemize Before Purchasing.
"In buying a farm, unprofitable
lcros that cannot easily bo mado prof
itable should ordinarily be considered
bb having little or no agricultural
value. They may even be a burden
.o their owner, In which case they
havo a negative value. A farmer was
bout to buy a quarter-section farm
'r?'Z-clJHMHrvAKlBTE3H
ZZ3
6tony Land Very Hard to Clear and
Not Worth Much When Cleared.
ji tho corn belt at $100 per acre. This
appeared to him to bo a very reason
able prlco for a farm in that region,
until a careful analysis of tho proposi
tion called his attention to the largo
amount of waste land on tho farm.
Actual measurements and careful es
timates furnished tho following data:
SO acres rich, Bandy loam, not htony,
not rmu-.Ii. gently sloping, well
drained, uctuiil vnluo $11" per nore,
J1MXS0 JlO.frt
15 nerea poor land, (.andy, utoriy,
roiiKli, lilllv. probably of Ilttlo or
no uKrlculturnl vulue, uuual
value (
55 acres poor pasture) land, wot land
that can liu drain' d, but Unit enn
not bo drained at n profit; urtual
value $10 per acre: $10X25 35
DulldlnKU .'5)
Total $12 MO
12.S0OlC0$SO.
"These flgurefl gavo tho farm, Includ
ing buildings, a vnluo of $80per ncrc,
though a part of It was worth consid
erably moro than tho avcrago price
per acre asked for tho farm. An Item
ized study of the farm, acre by aero,
and a dctal'cd study of fences, build
ings and other Improvements, should
alwayB bo mado beforo purchasing.
Such Investigation often calls atten
tion to enough unprofitable acres to
jtop tho sale.
Utilization of Unprofitable Acres.
"To what extent nnd at what rate
wo should attempt to decrease tho
numbor of unprofitable ncrcs depends
largely on tho Increased demand for
agricultural products. Tho law of di
minishing returns prevents tho re
clamation of wasto land until tho ris
ing prices or cheaper methods of pro
duction mako such action practicable
Frequently it pays better to spend
tlmo and money In tho further Im
provement of acros that aro now prof
Itablo rathor than In tho reclamation
of less desirable land,
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FATAL TO SUCCESS
Soil, Cut Jery Expensive to Clear.
' Much money and valuable time Is
lost each year In nlniust every local
lt In the attempt to put uiipiofltahlo
hi res mi a paying basis Lack of sat
isfactory agricultural credit forces
many a deserving family to waste tlmu
in trying to get a Htart on acres that
moneyed men pass by Misleading ad
vert iHctnents and Inflated magazine
articles have lured ninny a family to
give up n comfortable living In the city
to drag out a miserable exlstuncu in
toll and worry on worthless land.
Lack of knowledge of the business
side of farming Is largely responsible
for loss in tho management of uupiof
Itahle acres. Tho prohlom of how to
prevent a wasto of money, time and
energy In tho nttempt to develop
worthless land is worthy of careful
study. At best ntirh wasto can only
partially bo provented. Tho pity of
It is that no much of this loss falls on
thoso ho can least afford to loso.
"Every farmer who owns unprofit
able land should mnko a detailed ex
amination of his farm, ncro by acre, to
detect all unprofitable areas. Next, ho
should determine tho approximate
cost of making each ncro pay Its way.
Such study will disclose what and
how much is nooded In tho way of
manuro, commercial fertilizer, drain
ago or other preparation, to produco
satisfactory crop ylolds. This analy
tical study of each portion of tho farm
will sometimes call attention to many
ncrcs that cannot bo cultivated prof
itably. It is bettor to leavo such land
in permanent pasture, or oven to let
It lie idlo, than to work It nt a loss.
Tho farm not only furnishes a homo,
but it Is a placo of business. As such,
each cntorpriso nnd aero should re
celvo Individual attention, and, bo far
na practicable, the entire farm should
be placed on a paying basis."
ERADICATION OF CORN SMUT
Only Method la to Cut Off Smutty
Stalks and Burn Them No
Treatment of Seed.
(Dy O. M. AU.YN, Illinois Experiment
Btatlon.)
Thcro is no treatment of seed corn
for smut. Tho spores which causo
amut in corn llvo over from ono year
until tho next in manuro, soil, rcfuso,
etc. In tho Bummor, under favorablo
conditions those- spores which may
havo wlntorcd In tho soil or may havo
been hauled to tho field In tho manuro,
find lodgment on tho tondor parts of
tho corn plant, usually by tho action
of tho wind, aud start to grow.
Tho sourco of tho sporo Is not tho
seed corn, therefore treatment will
do no good. Tho only method of erad
ication is to cut off tho smutty stalks
and burn them. This, of couroo, is Im
practical. FASTENING WIRES TO POST
Difficult Problem Snld to Have Been
Successfully Worked Out Idea
Looks Sensible.
A new way to fasten tho wires to
conereto posts Is being tried out suc
cessfully. It Is claimed. If It works
well a real triumph will havo boon
UH
i
i;y-
Wires Fastened to Post.
won, for tho question of how to fasten
wlro to concrete posts has been a d I Ill
cult one.
Tho now dovlco cortslstB of n slot,
mado at an nnglo In tho post, whilo
a vortical silt Is mado to connect with
tho outBldo cut. Tho wiro Is placed
In tho alot whllo looso, and when
tightened cannot got out of tho groove
Tho Idea looks senslblo.
t ,fj;':. "'. Jfi&
unn hu n
-i WESTERN CANADA
Accompanying Industries Also
Prove Highly Profitable.
Tho cheese Industry i hi oughtn't
ivi'stern Canada today. In In a highly
nuurlnhlng condition and Is bound In
ciy short time to betoino much
more Important. The war hat created
I great demand fur that article, and
ItH use abiond has given it a lot ol
I U3eful adveitlslng. The attlcle known
as Canadian cheese Is now sought not
only by the soldier In tho ticiitlus
but by the ordlnurv civilian roiisuin''r
who, having used It, In quick to ap
predate Its value Thlft mc.iiis thai
alter the war there will be a demand
created for It that would not other
wise have been. Up to the present
tho war needs have limited the local
supply, hut with the Increased effort
that In now being put foith It Is hoped
that this will be met Ah n matter til
course tho prices ate high and the
fnrmeis who contribute to the cheese
factories are malting money
The cheese reason Is now fully open
nnd there Is every prospect f an ex
cellent year because the high
,,rl.('P
which obtained last J ear will tmdoubt
cdly bo maintained this Benson. West
em Canada has all the natural re
sources for the making of cheese, the
feed and the cool nights, two things
essential, nnd In time It Is hound to
heroine one of tho llnest eheeso coun
tries of the continent.
The lower foothills of Alhoiln. used
only nt tho present time as ranges or
for no purpose, will in tlmo produce
cheoso In gieat quantities, nnd doubt
less will soon equal tho famous up
lands of Denmark.
Tho cool nights mean tho better
keeping of milk nnd cream and
eheeso, nnd thnt Is a great thing for
tho Industry, especially when com
bined with possibilities of cnttlo feed
such bb exist on tho long slopes from
tho Rockies enstward.
The hog market, which may ho
classed as an adjunct of farming. Is
an exceedingly good one. nnd tho low
cost at which tho feed enn bo pro
duced, coupled with the high prices
realized, mako this industry "cry prof
itable Ono of tho first thoughts thnt occur
to tho mind of tho avcrago prospective
settlor la tho likelihood of suitable
markets. In thlB connection tho fol
lowing tablo will be Illuminating. It
Is supplied by the P. Hums company,
packers nnd exporters of Calgary, and
chows tho avcrago monthly prlro paid
for hogs for tho six years 1010 to 191f
Inclusive When ono considers the low
Initial cost of tho land nnd tho small
overhead cost of malntcnnnco and
feed, theso prices chnllengo compari
son. 1010 10111912 1913 1914 1916
January. .
Fob
March. . .
April ....
May
June
July
August ..8
Sopt 8
Oct 8
Nov 7
Doc 7
7 8 8 7
7 8U, 84 8
7 8 8V4 7,4
VA 8Vi 8 71&
IG.71
6.96
7.16
8.06
8.26
8.30
8.12
7.93
8.86
9.02
8.36
8.70 V4
IVi 9 8V4
7 8V4 8
VA. 8 8
8 8 8M,
9 9 8
VA 8V4 7
9 8 7
7
0.85
8
8
7
G
6
8,4 8V4 7W 6
A fnrmor of Monarch, Alberta,
claims tho distinction of being thoflrat
in tho provlnco to sell a carload of
hogs at tho high prlco of cloven conta
n pound, llvo weight. Tho salo waa
mado a short tlmo ago at Calgary, and
at that tlmo was a record, although
prices havo slnco gono as high as
$11.124 per hundredweight. With
such prlcca avallablo for hogs the
farmor has a market for everything
1.1b farm produces, as there Ib prac
tically no farm product which cannot
bo converted Into good hog flesh. The
uncertainty of results which attends
grain farming oven under most favor
ablo conditions Is removed when tho
settler goes In for raising hogs, beef
nnd dairy products. With Western
Canada's cheap lands, heavy crops, and
climate freo from diseases of stock
tho stock farmer Is as suro of success
bb anyone enn bo. Advertisement.
Whllo n man Is trying to make his
fortuno n woman goos and gets hers
told.
Peoplo naturally assumo that a
handsome woman marries n homely
mnn because ho has a lot of money.
St. Paul Is to havo a, new family
hotel to cost $100,000
Puts a ...
Stop to all
BLACK
LOSSES SURELY PREVENTED
tT Cutter DlltklH Pllli. I-o-rrlceil.
ffwli. iciuu: prt'fmM lu
Vteitum itookinsn. In u tli
iroteet wher njher vieclnii U I.
Wrlm for bouklA rI tMilroonlili.
I0.D0M pkgi. llUekltJ PI I II.M
50-dm pkl. Ultekltf Pllll 4 03
LEG
iji any injurwr. uui tuww ..
M.. (--J.- .. ..... hnii.l. I. illl. tn A..P lfi
tun of ipecllUln lit elmi and lorumi Mly.
Inilit n Cuttor'i. It imobtilntble, onler dlrtel.
Tk CutUr UbirtUry, Birkiley, Gal., tr CMugo, III.
Tl HrcKT3K:
A Tola operation. roiltlTureaieilr C7DlvI7
ISo (MIH-IUtiulta iiuo Write (or our J fVEiCj
Llallooaor'i'rutljand KacUi li.-liay.
CaUMRMdTC.,DH-C-t0,ZI5,DrboraSl.,CU(ii
W. N. U LINCOLN, NO. 23-1916.
WIFE TOO ILL
TO WORK
IN BED MOST OF TIME
Her Health Rcatorcd by Lydi'a
E. Pinkham's Vegetable
Compound.
Indianapolis, Indiana. " My health
was so poor and my constitution so nin
down thnt l couiti
not work. I was
thin, pnlo and weak,'
Wtii'fhc'l but 100
pounds and was in
bed most of the
time I brRnn tak
inR I.ytlla E. Pintc
hatn'a Ve-jo table
Compound and fiva
months later I
wcii'lieill'JO pounds.'
I do all the house
work and washing for eleven nnd I can
truthfully say Lytllti K. l'inkhnm's Vcr
eUiblo Compound hns been n ROthcnil
to mo for I would have been in my Rrnva
today but for it. I would tell all wo
men sulTeritiR ns I wns to try your valuable-
remedy."-Mrs. Wm. GkIXN, 332
S. Addison Street, lndlnnaiKjIis.Iniiinna.
'n..,-.. lutinrillv ft ni'lirliliorliood in this
country, wherein some woman hns not
found health by u.MnR una Rtxxi oiu
fashioned root nnd herb remedy.
If there i-i unythiuR nbout which you
would like special ndvice, writo to the
I.ytlia li l'inkhnm Medicino Co , Lynn,
Mass.
Love Finds a Way.
"Kut your llaiice Iiiih such a small
salary, how are you going to live?"
"Oh, wo'io going to economize.
Wn'ic going to do without such n lot
of things Hint .lack needs."
Important to Mothers
Examlno carofully every bottle of
CABTORIA, a snfo and suro remedy for
Infants nnd children, and boo that It
rtnnrn ttiA
Signature of UAZ&jSil'
In Uso for Over 30 Ycara.
Children Crv for Fletcher's Caatoria
A regular woman la always glntl
when her husband hns a holiday, bo
that he can put in nbout eighteen
hours tlolng odd Jobs nt homo.
FITH, f.lMI.KI'HY, FAM.INO RICKNKM
HtoiiixHl OulckW. Vllijr yr of tniluuirnipttd
topixxl Uiilckl. Vllijr yr of miliiUirnipi
Ki!rcs iir lr. KlmnH rcput'pity Mndicimt inu
Inntlnu rniiiMK I.AIUIKTIIIAI. Ill
llllTTI.S I-IIKH. UK.
KL1NK COMPANY, Hail Hank
If. J.-AJf.
Home people never have a chance
hicntiso they nro unable to recognize
one when they bco It.
Makes Hard Work Harder
A bad back makes a day's work
twice na hard. Hackacho usually
comes from weak kidneys, and If
headaches, dizziness or urinary dis
orders nro added, don't wait got
help boforo tho kidney disease
takcB a grip boforo dropsy, gravel
or Drlgbt'H dlsciiBO sets In. Doan's
Kidney Pills havo brought now Ilfo
and now strength to thousands of
working men and women. Uflod
and recommended tho world over.
A Nebraska Cat
John U. Mctcnlf.
(a a J III I II o
fejways: "My k I d-
i5i'novs were amor-
ilcrucl and I waa
IhIii up six montns
under tho doctor's
care. I became a
wreck and tho
inalns wero awful,
norm's IC I 1 n e y
il'llls r u rod mn and
tit'Nt of nil, tho cure
has laitou. '
CUt Dean' at Ay Store, SOe Bm
DOAN'S VSXST
rOSTER-MlLBURN CO BUFFALO. N. Y.
The Wretchedness
of .Constipation
Can quickly be overcome by
CARTER'S LITTLE
LIVER PILLS.
Purely vegetable
act surely ana
Rcntiy on tno
liver, euro
ISiIi0U!i!lCS3,
Head
ache, Dizzl-
ncs3, nnd Indigestion. They do their duty.
SMALL PILU SMALL DOSE, SMALL PRICE.
Genuine must beat Signature
Distemper
i IIS !J'
;r4 '
MiZ.A W?jv I
&mmi
titsi 3,g
noiic
MnMzBX
inmr'AnTcnc
HMT'iaW miTTi r
JKfUap IBJIVLtV
mfaV. u hi .;.
CURES THE SICK
And preventa othora hnvlntr tho dlsonso no tnnttor how
nxpoHMl. r.0 emu nnil 81 u liollli-, 9" uiul 910 a doiva
bolllFM. All good ilruKKlDts uml turf goods houses.
M'on.v Mr.nic.M, co.,
Chrrnlatn nuil !ln'trrlalficlNn, f'nalirn, I nil., U. H. A.
Every Woman "Wants
FOR PERSONAL HYGIENE
Diteolvcd In water for douches stops
pelvic catarrh, ulceration and inflam
mation. Recommended by Lydia E.
Pinkham Med. Co. for tea years.
A healing wonder for natal catarrh,
ore throat and sore uye. EconoroicaL
Hu extnonliDary clcaniinu and geraucIiU) powrr.
inamplarne. Hk. u diuiiutt, tt potwij bf
V.maiL TTiafaalanToilrtConnMHy. Barton, Mm. j
.
fJ
.
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