RED CLOUD, NEBRASKA, CHIEF
!L mfmAmfa? ff'T . -,
WE MUST OPEN UP
GATES OF TRADE
All Important Problem Which
Now Confronts Congress,
Says President.
SHIPS OUR GREATEST NEED
America Fear No Nation and Is Am
ply Able to Defend Itself Great
Task Ahead In Helping to
Restore Peace Economy
Is Strongly Urged.
Washington, Dec. 8. President Wil
ton today delivered his annual address
to congress. Problems brought out by
tho great conflict in Europo engaged
the g'reater part of his attention. Tho
message follows:
Gentlemen of tho Congress:
Tho session upon which you nro now
entering will bo tho closing session of
the Sixty-third congress, a congress, I
venture to sny, which will long bo re
membered for tho great body of
thoughtful and constructive work
which it has done, In loyal response
to tho thought and needs of tho coun
try. I should like In this address to ro
vlow tho notable record and try to
make adequate assessment of It; but
no doubt wo stand too near tho work
that has been done and are ourselves
too much part of it to play tho part of
historians toward it. Moreover, our
thoughts aro now more of tho future
tiian of tho past. ,
While we have worked at our tasks
ef pcaco the circumstances of tho
whole ago havo been altered by war.
What we have dono for our own land
and our own people we did with tho
best that was In us, whether of char
acter or of intelligence, with sober
enthusiasm and a confidence in the
principles upon which we wero acting
which sustained us at every step of
tho difficult undertaking; but it is
done. It has passed from our hands.
It is now an established part of the
legislation of the country. Its useful
ness, ltB effects, will disclose them
selves In experience. What chiefly
strikes us now, as we look about us
during these closing days of a year
which will be forevor memorable iri
the history of tho world, is that wo
face new tasks, have been facing them
theso six months, must face them in
the months to come face them with
out partisan feeling, like men whq
have forgotten everything but a com
mon duty and tho fact that wo are
representatives of a great people
Whoso thought Is not of us but of what
America owes to hersolf and to all
mankind in such circumstances as
theso upon which wo look amazed and
anxious.
Europe Will Need Our Help.
War has interrupted the meanB of
trade not only but also the processes
of production. In Europe it is destroy
ing men and resources wholesalo and
upon a flcnlo unprecedented and ap
palling. There 1b reason to fear that
the timo is near, if it be not already
at hand, when several of the coun
tries of Europe will find it difficult to
do for their pcoplo what they havo
hitherto been always easily able to do,
many essential and fundamental
things. At any rato they will need our
help and our manifold services as they
havo never needed them before; and
we should be ready, more lit and
ready than we havo ever been.
It is of equal consequence that tho
nations whom Europo has usually sup
plied with innumerable articles of
manufacture and commerce of which
they are in constant need and without
which their economic development
halts and stands still can now get only
a small part of what they formerly Im
ported and eagerly look to us to supply
their all but empty markets. This is
particularly true of our own neighbors,
the states, great and small, of Central
and South America. Their lines of
trado have hitherto run chiefly athwart
the seas, not to our ports, but to tho
ports of Great Britain and of tho older
continent of Europo. I do not stop to
inquire why, or to make any comment
on probable causes. What Interests us
Just now is not tho explanation, but
tho fact, and our duty and opportunity
In tho presence of It. Here are mar
kets which we must supply, and we
must find tho moans of action. Tho
United States, this great people for
whom we spenk and act, should be
ready, as never before, to servo Itsolf
and to servo mankind; ready with Its
resources, Its energies, its forces of
production, and Its means of distribu
tion. We Need Ships.
It is a very practical twitter, n mat
.or of ways nnd means. We havo tho
resources, but nro wo fully ready to
uso them? And If wo can make ready
what wo havo, havo wo the moans at
hand to distribute it? Wo are not fully
ready; neither havo wo tho means of
distribution. We nro willing, but wo
nro not fully able. Wo havo tho wish
to Borvo and to serve greatly, gener
ously; but wo are not prepared ns wo
should ho. Wo aro not ready to mo
bilize our resources nt once. Wo aro
not prepared to uso them Immediately
and at their host, without delay and
without waste
To speak plainly wo hnvo grossly
erred in tho way in which wo havo
stunted nnd hindered tho development
of our merchant marlno. And now,
when wo' need Bhlpa, wo havo not got
them. We havo year after year do
bated, without end or conclusion, tho
best policy to pursue with regard to
ft 1 . tl.iM I e ........ .ta.i
tt&Mtt.ttf,
tho uso of tho ores nnd forests and
water powoin of our natlonnl domain
in tho rich states of tho West, whon
wo should havo acted; and they nro
still locked up. Tho key Is still
turned upon them, tho door shut fast
nt which thousands of vigorous men,
full of Initiative, knock clamorously
for admlttnnco. Tho water power of
our navigable streams outsldo tho na
tional domain, also, even in tho east
ern states, where we havo worked nnd
planned for generations, is still not
used as it might bo, because wo will
nnd wo won't; because tho laws wo
havo made do not intelligently balanco
encouragement against restraint. Wo
withhold hyrcgulatton.
I havo come to ask you to remedy
and correct these mistakes and omis
sions, even at this short session of a
congress which would certainly scorn
to hnvo done nil the work that could
reasonably be expected of It. Tho tlmo
and tho circumstances nro extraor
dinary, and so must our efforts ho
also.
Use and Conssrvatlon.
Fortunately, two great measures,
finely conceived the ono to unlock,
with proper safeguards, tho resources
of the national domain, tho other to
encourage the uso of tho navigable
wntors outside that domain for tho
generation of power, have alrcndy
passed tho houso of representatives
and nro ready for immediate consider
ation and action by the senate. With
tho deepest earnestness 1 urge their
prompt passage. In them both
wo turn our hacks upon hesita
tion nnd makeshift nnd formulate
n genuine policy of uso and con
servation, In the best sense
of thoso words. We owe tho ono
mcasuro not only to tho people of that
great western country for whoso frco
and systematic development, as it
seems to me, our legislation has dono
so little, but also to the pcoplo of tho
nation as a wholo; and wo ns clear
ly owe the other In fulfillment of our
repeated promises that tho water pow"
or of tho country should in fnct as
well as In namo bo put at tho disposal
of great Industries which enn make
economical and profitable uso of It,
tho rights of tho public being ade
quately guarded tho while, and mo
nopoly In the uso prevented. To hnvo
begun such measures and not com
pleted them would Indeed mar tho
record of this great congress very
seriously. I hope and confidently be
lieve that they will bo completed.
And there Is another great pleco of
legislation which awaits and should
receive tho sanction of the senate:
I mean tho bill which gives a larger
measuro of self-government to tho peo
ple of tho Philippines. How bettor,
in this timo of nnxlous questioning
and perplexing policy, could we Bhow
our confidence in tho principles of
liberty, as the sourco as well as tho
expression of llfo, how better could we
demonstrate our own self-possession
nnd steadfastness in the courses of
Justice nnd disinterestedness than by
thus going calmly forward to fulfill
our promises to a dependent people,
who will now look more anxiously
than ever to seo whether wo havo In
deed the liberality, the unselfishness,
tho courage, tho faith wo (have boast
ed and professed. I cannot bollovo
that tho senate will let this great
measuro of constructive Justice awnlt
tho action of another congress. Its
passage would nobly crown tho record
of theso two years of momorablo la
bor. An Important Duty.
Rut I think thnt you will agreo
with mo thnt this does not complete
tho toll of our duty. How aro wo to
carry our goods to the empty markets
of which I havo spoken if wo havo
not tho certain and constant means
of transportation upon which all profit
able and useful commerce depends?
And how nro we to get tho ships If
wo wait for tho trndo to devolop with
out them? To correct tho many mis
takes by which wo have discouraged
nnd nil but destroyed tho merchant
mnrlno of tho country, to retrnco tho
steps by which wo have, It seems al
most dellhorately, withdrawn our flag
from tho sens, oxcept where hero and
there, a ship of war Is hidden carry
It, or some wandering yncht displays
It, would tnko a long time nnd In
volves many detailed Items of legisla
tion, nnd tho trado which wo ought
Immediately to handle would disap
pear or find other channols while wo
debated tho Items.
Tho case Is not unllko thnt which
confronted us whon our own conti
nent was to bo opened up to settle
ment nnd Industry, and wo needed
long lines of railway, extended means
of transportation prepared hoforehnnd,
If development wns not to lag Intoler
ably and wait Interminably Wo lav
ishly subsidized tho building of trans
continental railroads. Wo look back
upon tint with regret now, beenuso
tho subsidies loci to many scandals
of which wo aro a'lhamed; hut wo
know that tho railroads had to bo
built, nnd If we had It to do over again
wo should of coursa build them, but
In nnother wny Thoreforo I proposo
another way of providing tho means
of transportation which must precede,
not tardily follow, tho development
P of our trado with our neighbor Btates
of Amorlca, It may seem a reversal
of tho natural order of things, but It
Is truo, thnt tho routes of trado must
bo actunlly opened by many ships
and regular sailings and moderate
charges before streams of merchan
dise will flow freely nnd profitably
through them.
Must Open Gates of Trade.
Hence tho pending bhlpplng bill,
discussed nt tho last session, but ns
yet passed by, neither house. In my
Judgment such legislation Is impera
tively needed nnd can not wisely bo
postponed. Tho government must
open theso gates of trado, and open
them wido; open them before it is
4k.H
altogether profitable to open them, or
altogether reasonable to ask prlvato
capital to open them at a venture.
It Is not a question of tho government
monopolizing tho Held. It should tako
action to mnko It certain that trans
portation nt reasonable rates will be
promptly provided, even where tho
carriage Is not at first profitable; and
then, when the carriage has becomo
sufficiently profitable to attract and
engago private capital, and engage it
in abundance, the government ought
to withdraw. I very earnestly hopo
thnt tho congress will be of this opin
ion, nnd thnt both houses will adopt
this exceedingly important bill.
Tho great subject of rural credits
still remains to bo dealt with, nnd
it Is a matter of deop regret that the
difficulties of tho subject have seemed
to render It Impossible to complete
a bill for passngo nt this session. Hut
It can not bo perfected yet, and there
fore there nro no other constructive
measures the necessity for which I
will nt this tlmo call your attention
to; but 1 would be negligent of a
very manifest duty wero I not to 'call
tho attention of tho senate to the fact
that the proposed convention for safe
ty at sea nwnlts Its confirmation nnd
thnt the limit fixed in tho convention
itself for Its acceptance is the last
day of the present month. Tho con
ference In which this convention or
iginated wns called by tho United
States; the representatives of tho
United StutcB played n very Influen
tial pnrt Indeed In framing tho provi
sions of the proposed convention; nnd
thoso provisions nro in themselves
for tho most part admirable. It would
hardly bo consistent with the pnrt
we have played In tho whole matter
to let It drop nnd go by tho board
as If forgotten nnd neglected. It was
ratified in Mny last by tho German
government nnd In AugUBt by tho,
parliament of Great Urltaln. It marks
a most hopeful and decided advance
in international civilization. Wo
should show our earnest good fnlth
in a great matter by adding our own
acceptance of it.
Charting of Our Coasts.
There is unothor matter of which
I must make special mention, if I am
to discharge my conscience, lest it
should escape your attention. It may
Beem a very small thing. It affects
only a single item of appropriation.
But many human lives and many
great enterprises hang upon it.
It is tho matter of making adequate
provision for tho survey and charting
of our coasts.
It is Immediately pressing and exi
gent in connection with the immense
coast line of Alaska. A coast line
greater than that of the United States
themselves, though it is also very
important Indeed with regard to tho
older coasts of tho continent. Wo
cannot use our great Alaskan domain,
ships will not ply thither, if those
coasts and their many hidden dangers
aro not thoroughly surveyed and
charted.
The work 1b incomplete at almost
every point. Ships and lives have
been lost in threading what wero sup
posed to be well-known main chan
nels. We have not provided adequate
vessels or adequate machinery for the
survey and charting. Wo have used
old vessels that were not big enough
or strong enough and which wero so
nearly unseaworthy that our inspec
tors would not hnvo allowed private
owners to send them to sea. This is
a matter which, as I have said, seems
small, but Is in reality very great. Its
Importance has only to bo looked into
to bo appreciated.
Economy It Urged.
Before I close, may I Bay a few
words upon two topics, much dis
cussed out of doors, upon which it is
highly important that our Judgments
should be clear, definite and steadfast.
One of theso Is economy In govern
ment expenditures. Tho duty of econ
omy Is not debatable. It 1b manifest
and imperative. In tho appropriations
we paBS we arc spending tho money
of tho great pcoplo whoso servants
wo are not our own. Wo aro trus
tees and responsible stewards In the
spending. Tho only thing debatable
and upon which wo should bo careful
to make our thought and purpose
clear Is tho kind of economy demand
ed of us, I assert with tho greatest
confidence that the peoplo of the
United States 'aro not Jealous of tho
amount their government costs If
they aro Biire thnt they get what they
need and deslro for the outlay, that
tho money Is being Bpent for objects
of which they approve, nnd thnt It Is
being applied with good business
senso nnd mnnngement
Governments grow, piecemeal, both
In their tasks and In the means by
which thoso tasks aro to bo per
formed, and very few governments are
organized, I venturo to say, as wiso
and experienced business men would
orgnnle them If they hnd n clean
sheet of paper to wrlto upon Certain
ly tho government of the United
States Is not. I think that It Is gen
ornlly ngreed thnt thore should he
a systematic reorganization and reas
sembling of Its parts bo us to secure
grenter efficiency nnd effect consider
nblo savings In expense But tho
nmount of money anved In thnt way
would, I bollovo, though no doubt
considerable In itself, running, It may
ho, Into tho mllllonB, bo relatively
smnjl small, I mean, In proportion to
tho totnl necessary outlays of tho
government. It would bo thoroughly
worth effecting, as every saving would,
great or small.
Our duty Is not nltercd by tho Bcalo
of tho savings. But my point Is thnt
tho peoplo of tho United States do
not wish to curtail tho activities of
thlB government; they wish, rathor,
to enlarge tjicin; and with every en
largement, with tho moro growth, In
deed, of tho country Itself, thero must
.
come) of course, tho inovitablo in
crease of expense.
Tho sort of economy wo ought to
practlco may bo effected, nnd ought to
be effected, by a careful study and
assessment of tho tasks to bo per
formed; and tho money spent ought
to bo mndo to yield tho best possible
returns in efficiency nnd achievement.
And, like good stewards, we should
so account for overy dollar of our ap
propriations as to mako It perfectly
evident what It was spent for and In
what wny It was spent.
It is not expendlturo but extrava
gance that wo should fear being criti
cized for; not paying for tho legiti
mate enterprises nnd undertakings of
a great government whoso people
commnnd what it should do, but add
ing what will benefit only a few or
pouring money out for what need not
havo been undertaken nt all or might
havo been postponed or better and
more economically conceived nnd car
ried out. The nation Is not niggardly;
it Is very generous. It will chide ub
only If we forget for whom wo pay
monoy out and whoso money It Ih we
pny.
These are large nnd general stand
ards, but they are not very difficult of
application to particular cases.
The National Defense.
Tho other topic I shall take leave to
mention goes deeper Into tho princi
ples of our national Ufa and policy.
It is the subject of nnttonnl defense.
It cannot bo discussed without first
answering some very searching ques
tions. It is said In some quarters that wo
aro not prepared for war. What is
meant by being prepared? 1b It mennt
that we are not ready upon brief no
tlco to put a nation in the field, a na
tion of men trained to arms? Of
course wo are not ready to do that;
and we shall never be in time of
peace so long ns we retain our pres
ent political principles, nnd institu
tions. And what 'is it that it is sug
gested we should be prepared to do?
To defend ourselves against attack?
We have always found means to do
that, and shall find them whenever It
is necessary without calling our pco
plo away from their necessary tasks
to render compulsory military service
In times of peace.
Allow mo to speak with great plain
ness and directness upon this great
matter and to avow my convictions
with deep earnestness. I have tried
to know what America is, what her
peoplo think, what they are, what
they most cherish, and hold dear, I
hope that somo of their finer passions
are In my own heart, some of the
great conceptions and desires which
gave birth to this government and
which have made the'volco of this
people a voice of peace and hope and
liberty among the peoples of tho
world, and that, speaking my own
thoughts, I shall, at least In part,
speak theirs also, however, faintly and
Inadequately, upon this vital matter.
Fear No Nation.
We are at peace with all the world.
No one who speaks counsel based
on fact or drawn from a Just and
candid interpretation of realities
can say that thero Is reason for fear
that from any quarter our indepen
dence or tho integrity of our territory
is threatened. Dread of the power
of any other nation wo are incapablo
of. Wo aro not Jealous of rivalry in
the fields of commerce or of any other
peaceful achievement. We mean to
live our lives as we will; but wo mean
also to lot live. We are, Indeed, a
true friend to all the nations of tho
world, becauso we threaten none,
covet tho possessions of none, desire
tho overthrow of none. Our friend
ship can be accepted and is accepted
without reservation, becauso it is of
fered in a spirit and for a purpose
which no ono need ever question or
suspect. Thorcln lies our greatness.
We are tho champions of peaco and
of concord. And wo should be vory
Jealous of this distinction which we
hnvo sought to earn. Just now wo
should he particularly Jealous of It,
because it is our dearest present hopo
that this character and reputation
mny presently, In God's providence,
bring us an opportunity to counsel
and, obtain peuco In tho world and
reconciliation and a healing settle
ment of ninny a matter thnt has cooled
and Interrupted the friendship of
nations. This Is the tlmo above all
others when we should wish and re
boIvo to keep our strength by self pos
session, our Influence by preserving
our ancient principles of action.
Ready for Defense,
From tho first wo have had n clear
and settled policy with regard to
military establishments. Wo never
havo had, and whllo wo retain our
present principles and Ideals wo never
shall havo, a lorgo standing army.
If asked, uro you leady to defend
yourselves? Wo reply, most assured
ly, to the utmost; and yet wo shall
not turn America Into u military
camp. Wo will not usk our young
men to spend tho best years of their
lives making soldiers of themsolvcs.
Thero Is another sort of energy In us.
It will know how to declare Itself nnd
make itsolf effective should occasion
arlso. And especially when half the
world Is on flro wo Bhnll bo careful
to mako our moral Insurance against
tho spread of the conflagration very
doflnlto and certain and adequate In
deed. Lot us remind ouraelvoB, theroforo,
of tho only thing wo can do or will
do. Wo must depend In every tlmo
of national peril, in tho futuro ns in
tho past, not upon a standing army,
nor yet upon a reserve army, but upon
a citizenry trained and accuBtomod
to arms. It will be right enough, right"
American policy, based upon our ac
customed principles and practices, to
provldo a system by which every
citizen who will volunteor for
tho training mny be mndo familiar
with tho uso of modern nrms, tho rudi
ments of drill nnd maneuver, nnd the
malntcnnnco nnd sanitation of enmps.
Wo should encourage such training
and mako It a means of dlsclpltno
which our young men will learn to
valuo. It Is right that wo should pro
vldo It not only, but thnt wo should
mako It an attractlvo as possible, and
bo Induce our young men to undergo
it at such times as they can command
a llttlo freedom and can seek the
physical development they need, for
mere health's sake, if for nothing
more. Every means by which such
things can bo stimulated is legitimate,
and such a method smacks of true
American ideas. It Is a right, too,
that tho National Guard of tho Btates
should be developed and strengthened
by every means which Is not incon
sistent with our obligations to our
own pcoplo or with the established
policy of our govornmont. And this,
also, not becauso tho time or occasion
specially calls for such measures, but
becauso It should be our constant pol
icy to make these provisions for our
nntlonal pence nnd safety.
More than this carries with It a re
versal of the wholo history nnd char
acter of our polity. Moro than this,
proposed at this time, permit me to
sny, would mean merely thnt wo had
lost our self-possession, that wo had
been thrown off our balance by a war
with which wo havo nothing to do,
whoso cnuBes cannot touch us, whose
very existence nffords us opportun
ities of friendship and disinterested
service which bhould make us
ashamed of any thought of hostility
or fearful preparation for trouble.
This is assuredly the opportunity for
which n people nnd n government like
ours were raised up, tho opportunity
not only to spenk but actually to em
body and exemplify the counsels of
pence and amity and the lasting con
cord which Is based on Justice nnd fair
and generous dealing.
Ships Our Natural Bulwarks.
A powerful navy wo havo always
regarded ub our proper and natural
means of defense; and it has always
been of defense that wo havo thought,
never of aggression or of conquest.
But who shall tell us now what sort
of navy to build? We shall take leave
to bo strong upon the seas, in the
future as in the past; and thero will
bo no thought of offense or of provo
cation In that. Our ships are our
natural bulwarks. When will the ex
perts tell us Just what kind wo should
construct and when will they be
right for ten years together, If the
relative efficiency of craft of differ
ent kinds and uses continues to
change as we have seen it change
under over very eyes in these last
few months?
But I turn away from the subject
It is not new. There Is no new need
to discuss it. We shall not alter our
attitude toward it because some
amongst us aro nervous nnd excited.
We shall easily and sensibly agree
upon a policy of defense. The ques
tion haB not chnnged its aspects be
causo tho times are not normal. Our
policy will not bo for an occasion.
It will bo conceived ns a permanent
nnd settled thing, which wo will pur
buo at nil seasons, without haste and
after a fashion perfectly consistent
with tho peaco of tho world, the abid
ing friendship of states, and the un
hampered freedom of all with whom
wo deal. Let there he no misconcep
tion. Tho country has been misin
formed. Wo havo not been negligent
of national defense Wo aro not un
mindful of the great responsibility
resting upon us. We shall learn and
profit by tho lesson of every exper
ience and every new circumstance;
and what is needed vlll be adequately
done.
Great Duties of,Peace.
I close, as I begnn, by reminding
you of tho great tasks and duties of
pcaco which challenge our best powers
nnd Invite us to build whnt will last,
the tasks to which we can nddress
ourselves now and at all times tho
free-hearted zest and with nil the fin
est gifts of constructive wisdom wo
possess. To develop our llfo and our
resources; to supply our own people,
nnd tho people of the world as their
need arises, from tho abundant plenty
of our fields nnd our marts of trado;
to onrlch tho commerco of our own
states and of tho world with the prod
ucts ot our mines, our farms, and our
factories, with tho creations of our
thought and tho fruits of our charac
ter this is what will hold our atten
tion and our enthusiasm steadily, now
nnd In tho yours (o como, aa we strlvo
to show In our llfo ns a nntlon what
liberty and the inspirations of an
emancipated spirit may do for men
nnd for soclotics, for Individuals, for
states, nnd for mankind.
Skunks Yield $3,000,000 a Year.
Tho bkunk brings annually to tho
trappers of tho United States about
threa million dollars. It stands sec
ond In Importance only to tho musk
rat among our fur-bearing animals.
Tho value of a skunk in tho raw
for market averaged from nbout twon-ty-fivo
cents to $3.50 In December,
1913, and usually runs hlghor.
In 1911 2,000,000 skins wore export
ed to London nlono. Although this
fur Ib not vory popular In Amorlca,
Europeans fnvor It, becauso it wears
well nnd has a luster which makes It
rlvnl tho Russian sable In nppearnnco.
The Mexican States.
Mexico consists of 32 states and ter
ritories nnd is politically n federated
ropubllc, Its constitution being pat
terned nftor that of the United Stntoa
of America. Tho population ot tho
country in 1900 was 13,697,000. On
account ot tho stronuous life of Mexico
tor several years past It Is likely that
its present population la not much in
excess ot that ot 14 yean ago.
PROTECTION
ASKED
WANT MEXICAN PORTS AUTO
MATICALLY CLOSED.
PUSHING NATIONAL DEFENSE
Urging Investigation Into Country's
Meant of Defense New Revo-
lutionary Movement
In Mexico.
Western Newspaper Union New Service.
Naco, Ariz. Citizens of Naco have
sent out another appeal for protection
from the Mexican flro from tho siege
of Naco, Sonora, Just across tho line,
which has killed five and wounded
forty-two persons on the Arizona side
during the last two months.
Telegrams concluding "for God's
sake help us," wero addressed to
United StateB Senators Henry F.
Ashurst and Marcus A. Smith at
Washington nnd to United States
Senators Albert B. Fall of New Mex
ico and William A. Smith of Michigan.
Action by tho sennto that will au
tomatically close ports on tho Mexican
border whenever thoy become the
scenes ot battle, is asked.
New Revolutionary Movement
EI Paso, Tex. A new revolutionary
movement has been started in Mexico,
according to copies of a proclamation
signed by Jobo Inez Salazar and Emlllo
P. Campa, two former federal gener
als. They were reported at the head
of troops in central Chihuahua and
about to attack Casas Grancfes, a
strategical point southwest ot Juarei
and west of Chihuahua City. The
proclamation, denouncing both the
Carranza constitutionalist govern
ment as established at Vera, Cruz, and
the convention government sustained
by Villa. It was said that a conven
tion form of government would be
established by the new party. Sup
port In all parts of Mexico was
claimed.
PUSHING NATIONAL DEFENSE.
New York Committee Hu Been
Named for Purpose.
New York. Plans for bringing to
the attention of the national adminis
tration which is charged with the
necessity of improving the national
defense will be formulated here by
the general commltteo of the national
security league This was announced
by H. Stanwood Menken, tho Now
York lawyer who Is chairman of the
league. Mr. Menken also gave out the
names of those whom he had appoint
ed to the general committee. The
league 1b urging a congressional in
vestigation into the country's means
of defense.
When Nebraska Helped France.
Lincoln. Neb. The aid being given
the starving BoIginnB during the pres
ent war recalls to the minds of mnny
older Nebraskans the aid that was fur
nished to tho French peasantry during
the war of 1871 by American citizens
and organizations. At that tlmo the
French were in hard straits, and found
themselves in much the same position
as the Belgians today. Fields had
been devastated, there wero few or
practically no crops and it was a very
serious question as to how the son
combatants in France wero to get a
living. The situation was complicated
by the fact that there was no seed in
the country so that even the chance of
producing a crop during the follow,
ing year was lessened.
Not Yet Ready.
Washington. Henry White, former
ambassador to France, and who re
cently returned from Germany, dis
cussed the European nltantion with
President Wilson, and says: "Europe
is not ready for penco yot. Thero is
not the slightest chnnco at present of
getting a hearing for suggestions of
peace. That time will come later and
then it will be time for tho United
States to act."
Germans Occupy Lodz.
London. An official telegram from
main headquarters received nt Berlin
nnd transmitted by way of Amsterdam!
to Reutor's Telegram company, says
that Lodz was occupied by tho Ger
man troops Sunday afternoon, the
Russians bentlng a retreat nfter se
vere losses.
To Wage Prohibition Fight.
Lincoln, Nob. A sweeping, aggros
live campaign, nation wido in scope,
and involving tho expenditure ef thou
sands of dollars, will bo waged
against liquor by tho Methodist church
in 1915. Tho fight will bo along two
lines, educational and political. Such
was tho determination ot tho temper-j
anco socloty ot tho Methodist Episco
pal church, In sosslon Saturday nt the'
St. Paul Mothodlst Episcopal church.,
Three sessions woro hold, nttonded by
ielegates from all over the country.
Omaha, Neb. Oh, mamma! There's
Undo Frank!" cried llttlo 4-yenr-old
John Bogard, son of Mr, and Mra.
Pnul Bognrd, 3408 'Cass stroot, while
watching moving pictures of the Eu
ropean war nt a local theater here.
Suro enough, it wns Frank Coudyzer,
brother of Mrs. Bogard nnd unslo or
tho boy. Coudyzor, nn officer In the
Belgian army, was one of a number ot
the men being given clgnrots from the
deck of tho hospital ship. Tho pic
tures of tho nurses, as well ns many
ot tho soldiers, wore exceptionally
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