m 4 a n ( h tal
W MEXICANS
i
FOUGHT FOR
Agrarian Democraoy Has Been
the Aim of the Peon Class
for Past Century.
STRUGGLE STILL GOING ON
Position of Revolutionists and Constl-
tutlon of 1857 for Which They
8tand, Set Forth In Book by
Ssnor de Lara.
Id the confusion and lack of exact
knowledge that attend tlio embrogllo
with Mexico tho big issuo that has
moved tho Mexican pcoplo to revolt
against Huerta has been lost sight of
or Is not known to moat Americans.
What the people of Mexico have
fought for from tho first war of in
s -dopendenco, and what they are light
ing for now under Carrauza and Villa
Is the right to buy and till farms.
For a hundrod years tho peon class
has waged a continuous struggle to
achieve agrarian democracy. Time
after time the revolution has been
carried to tho verge of success, and
time after time the Mexican ruling
lass has Invoked foreign intervention
In order to prolong its power.
All this and a great deal more is
mads clear in a book Just published
1y Doubleday, Pago & Co., "The Mexi
can People; Their Strugglo for Freo
!om," by L. Gutierrez de Lara and
Edgcomb Pinchon. It is frankly a
atatement of the position of the rev
olutionists, and shows why they be
lieve American intervention in Mexi
co at the present time would only
bring about more loss of life and
'worse conditions In the long run.
Senor de Lara has much to say
about the constitution of 1857, that
has been ruthlessly set aside by suc
cessive governments, and ho gives
a digest of that instrument, the heads
of which follow:
Article 1. The Mexican people rocog
nize that the rights of men are tho
foundation and the purpose of social
Institutions. In consequence they pro
claim that all tho laws and authorities
of the country must respect and sus
tain the warranties stipulated by this
constitution.
Article II. In tho republic every one
Is born free. Tho slaves who step
Into the national territory recover their
freedom by this more fact, and have
the right of the protection of the law.
Article III. All education is free.
The law will determine which profes
sion needs a diploma for its exer
cise, and what requisites are to be
fulfilled.
This fundamental principle ,wos
later amplified to mako education uni
versal, free, non-sectarian and com
pulsory. Article IV. Every man is free to
adopt the profession, trade, or work
that suits him, it being useful and
bonest; and to enjoy the product
thereof. v
Article V. No man shall be com
pelled to work without his plain con
vent and without Just compensation.
The state will not permit to become
effectivo any contract, pact or agree
ment with tho purpose of the curtail
ment, the loss or tho irrevocable sac
rifice of the liberty of any man, may
the cause be for personal labor, edu
cation, or religious vows. Tho law in
consequence .does not recognize mon
astic orders, and will not permit their
establishment, no matter what may bo
the denomination or purposo for which
they pretend to be established. Neith
er will be permitted a contract or
agreement by which a man makes a
pact for bis proscription or exile.
Article VI. The expression of ideas
hall not be subjected to any Judicial
or governmental prosecution except
In cases of attack upon the public
morality, the rights of a third party,
or tho prevention of a crime or a dis
turbance of public order.
Article VII. The liberty of writing
and publishing writings upon any mat
ter is Inviolable. No previous censor
ship nor imposition of bonds upon the
writers nor the publishers for the pur-
pose of curtailing the freedom of the
press can be established by any law
or authority, such freedom being re
stricted to respect of private llfo, mor
als and public business.
Article VIII. This deals with the
right of petition to the government
Article IX, This gives the right of
assembly.
Article X. This establishes the right
of every man to possess and carry
arms for his safety and legitimate
defense.
Article XI. This deals with Immigra
tion to the country and other traveling
both from the country and into the
same. '
Article XIL This establishes the In
validity of all titles of nobility, pre
rogatives and hereditary honors.
Article XIII. In the Mexican Repute
lie no one shall be subjected to pri
vate laws nor special courts. No man
or corporation shall enjoy fueros or
receive emoluments unless they be a
compensation' for public services and
already fixed by law.
Article XIV. This establishes the
principle that no one shall be tried by
retroactive laws.
Article XV, No treaties can be made
for the extradition ot political offend
ers; neither for those criminals whose
crime was committed In a country
where they bad been slaves; neither
con a treaty or agreement bo made by
which the warranties or rights that
llli I.U' vf . . .
A'UVM -r V'-
this constitution gives to man or clUJ
son be altered.
Article XVI. This artlclo establishes
the prlnclplo that tho family and domi
cile aro invlolablo, except for the pur
poses of arreBt under a warrant from
a propor court expressing tho charge.
Artlclo XV1L No one shall bo arrest
ed or Imprisoned for debts of a purely
civil character. No ono shall exorcise
violence to claim his rights. The
courts will always bo ready for the
administration of Justice This will
be freo, the costs being abolished.
Article XXVII. Prlvato property shall
not be takon without tho consont of
the owner, except In case of publlo
utility, and by Just payment therefor.
Roliglous corporations or Institutions,
no matter of what denomination,
character, durability or purposo, and
civil corporations when undor tho pat
ronage, direction or supcrlntcndoncy
of religious Institutions, or mlnlstors
of any cult, shall not have the legal
capacity, to acquire or manage any
real estate except tho buildings which
aro used Immediately nnd directly for
tho services of tho Bftld Institutions;
nolthor will tho law recognize any
mortgago -on any proporty held by
theso Institutions.
Artlclo XXVIII. State nnd church
are Independent. Congress cannot
mako any law establishing or forbid
ding any religion.
Tho practical abrogation of tho con
stitution under Diaz and Huerta has
resulted In the building up of a privi
leged class and the cruel exploitation
of tho people. Vast territories have
passed into prlvato ownership. Tho
disinherited peon has become tho vir
tual slave of the land owners, and
freedom has been a privllego pur
chased from tho government by those
who had tho means.
These aro tho conditions that De
Lara pictures, and it 1b to end them
the present fight of the constitution
alists Is waging.
FORCED TO BUY PROTECTION
Refugees Arriving at Vera Cruz Tell
of Paying Money to Huerta'e
Soldiers.
Vora Cruz. Sixty-three members of
tho Modlna colony In the Btnte of
Oaxnca are among the refugees who
have arrived here. They were held
two days In Cordoba and report they
wero well treated, except that they
were obliged to sleep on the floors of
the barracks. They were relieved of
guns, but not of the scanty belongings
which they were able to bring with
them.
J. W. Elliott, a locomotive englneor,
was in TIerra Dlanca when news of
the occupation ot Vera Cruz reached
him. With his wife and children he
started for Cordoba undor guard of
Mexican soldiers. At Cordoba tho
guards said they were hungry and de
manded 50 'pesos on tho threat to sur
render Elliott and his family to a
howling mob which surrounded the
station and filled the streets.
The money was paid and Elliott and
his family were marched more than a
mile through the streets to tho bar
racks, hounded 0,11 the way by the
mobs. They were kept in the barracks
six days, during the first two of which
crowds surrounded the placo demand
ing their lives. On two occasions
members of the mob forced their way
into the barracks and except for the
offorts of the colonel and two other
officers Elliott and his family would
undoubtedly have been killed. Toward
tho end ot their stay tho demonstra
tions ceased to a large extent
Manager Doyd of tho Motzorongo
Hacienda, when ho arrived at Cordo
ba, was forced by the federal guards
to pay 1,050 pesos for protection
through tho streets to the Jail.
Circulars containing the words"Kill
the Grlngoes" and urging the people
to rlso and massacro the prisoners
were posted about Cordoba.
One of the refugees who have ar
rived here from tho Interior is F. W.
Lehmer, a ranch manager from Tux
tepee, whose homo Is in Omaha and
who was on his way to Vera Cruz tor
a visit, not knowing of tho develop
ments here. He was picked up at
TIerra Blanca by federal soldiers. '
"I was placed with ten others in a
train which was standing overnight
surrounded by a mob which continu
ally threatened to attack us," he said.
"The guards ate up everything avail
able on the train, compelling us to go
hungry. At everyBtatlon up Jo Cor
doba, on the following day, similar
crowds looted the train and threatened
us,
"While being taken through the
streets of Cordoba a squad ot young
volunteers who , bad Just been pre
sented with a flag swept down upon
us and tried to run us down. This hap
pened at the corner where the mu
nicipal palace is located or otherwise
we would not bavejescaped as woll as
we did. As it was, I was hit on the
head with a flagstaff and a man walk
ing beside me was struck on the head
with a rock. His scalp was badly cut
"It was due to the fine conduct of
the Mexican colonel that we ever
reached the palace. Ho rushed from
the door with a squad ot pollco and
soldiers and plunged into the crowd,
scattering them and surrounding us.
"Later we wero put in the peniten
tiary, and for six days we slept on the
stone flagging. There wero two wom
en in tho party, one with a little baby.
We were allowed to send out and buy
blankets, and managed to get enough
to eat, such as It was.
"Monday we were placed on a
train and brought down to Soledad.
We spent that night on tba tracks.
There was one passenger coach left
for us and in this the women and
children slept, the rest ot aa sleeping
on the ground."
RED OLOUD, NEBRASKA, CHIEF
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iielow Is Been a dotachmcut of United States marines hurrying along the dock at Vera Cruz to their station
in the city, and above several bluejackets conveying ammunition to one of tho guns of a battleship.
HOW OUR JACKIES LANDED ON MEXICAN SOIL
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STARS AND
Tho .first publlo building In Vera
Building.
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FIFTH BRIGADE ABOARD
MARINES AND BLUEJACKETS
armed bluejackets going ushoro at Vera
STRIPES RAISED IN
Cruz over which the American flag was
SHIP
Cruz to tako possession of that city.
VERA CRUZ
ralsod was the postal and telegraph
, , ,gf,5
inr-'- - '
FEELS LIKE
A NEW WOMAN
At Lydia E. Pinkham't Vege
table Compound Dispelled
Backache, Headaches
and Dizziness.
PIqua, Ohio. "I would bo very un
grateful if I failed to glvo Lydia E.
rmK nam's vegeta
ble Compound the
praise It deserves,
for I havo taken it
at different times
and it always re-,
lioved me whon
other mediclnoa
failed, and whon I
hear a woman com
plain I always rec
ommend it Lastwin-
far T via attacked
with a sevens case of organic weakness.
I had backache, pains in my hips and
over my kidneys, headache, dizziness,
lassitude, had no energy, limbs ached
and I was always tired. I was hardly
able to do my housework. I had taken
Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetablo Com-
Round on one other occasion, and it had
elped mo so I took it again and It has
built me up, until now I feol llko a new
woman. You have my hearty consent
to use my name and testimonial in any
way and I hope It will benefit suffering
women." Mrs. Orpiu Turner, 431 S.
Wayne St, PIqua, Ohio.
Women who are suffering from those,
distressing Ills peculiar to their sex
should not doubt tho ability of Lydia E.
Pinkham's Vegetablo Compound to re
store their health.
If you want spoolal advice
writo to Lydia IS. Plukham Med-
Inlnn C.n.. I ntifWlnntlnl TjVTin.
Mbhs. Your lottcr will be opened,
read nnd answered by a woman
and held In strict confidence.
The Wretchedneti
of Constipation
can quickly be overcome vf
CARTER'S LITTLE
LIVER PILLS.
Purely vegetable
act surely ar
gently on the
liver, cure
Biliousness,
Head
ache, Dizzi
ness, and Indigestion. They do their duty,
SMALL PILL, SMALL DOSE, SMALL PRICK
Genuine must bear Signature
Tho reason for doubt Porplexl-T.
Dr. Pierce's Pleasant Pellets regulate
and invigorate stomach, liver and bowels.
Bugar-coated, tiny granules, easy to take as
csndy. AdVj
Shrowmouse Is not a mouso.
SCALP ITCHED AND BURNED
Greenwood, Ind. "First my hair be
gan to fall, then my scalp Itched and
burned when I became warm. I had
pimples on my scalp; my hair was
falling out gradually until I had
scarcely any hair on my head. I
couldn't koep tho dandruff off at all.
My hair was dry and lifeless and I
lost rest at night from the terrible
Itching sensation. I would pull my
hat off and scratch my head any place
I happened to bo.
"For several years I was bothered
with pimples on my face. Some of
thorn wero hard red spots, some were
full of matter, and many blackheads.
I was always picking at them and
caused them to be sore. They made
my face look so badly I was ashamed
to bo seen.
"I tried massage creams for my face
and all kinds of hair tonlo and home
made remedies, but they only made
things worse. Nothing did the work
until I used Cutlcura Soap and Oint
ment. I washed my faco with the
Cutlcura Soap, then put plenty of
Cutlcura Ointment on. Tbreo months'
use of Cutlcura Soap and Ointment
has made my face as smooth and
clean as can be." (Signed) C. M.
Hamilton, Sept. 24, 1012.
Cutlcura Soap and Ointment sold
throughout the world. Sample of each
free.with 81-p. Skin Book. Address post
card "Cutlcura, Dept, L, Boston." Adr.
Baffin's Bay Is not a bay.
Have You aBad Back?
Does your back ache night and day,
nuking work a bardea and rest Impossi
ble? Do yon suffer subbing, darting
Kins when stooping or lifting? Most
d backs are due to hidden trouble In
the kidneys and ii the kidney secretions
are scant or too frequent of passage,
Eroof of kidney trouble Is complete. Do
ty mar pave tho way to serious kidney
ills. For bad backs and weak kidneys
use Dean's Kidney Pills recommended
the world over.
A MICHIGAN CASK
WJllUra Houtfc,
IIS Alderman St,
Bldln. K I o b . ,
aajrst "I bad lum
baao and rbtumat
la pains and my
limbs war terribly
stiff. I dootorsd,
but didn't f t ralltt
and moat cava up
hops. Finally I
uMd Doan'a Kid
my Fills and the
first box bslpsd
me. X bept on un
til cured and X
bave been wall
ever sines."
Cat Dassrs at Amy Star. Ma Baa
DOAN'SV.VL'.1
POITOtMUURN CO. aWFTALO, K.T.
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