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Is tho acarclty of of farmors and young men whoso forefather!
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EltE und thoro tho country Ufa In 'India
la changing. 'Tho old agricultural Im
plements which havo preserved
thtough the centurlcB tho simplicity
and Inefficiency with which tho primi
tive pcoplo of the peninsula endowed
them nro being discarded, and their
placo la being taken by chilled steel
plows nnd modem harrows, cultivators,
mowers, reapers and threshing ma
chines, Imported from tho United
States. At tho narnu time, largo Irrigation canals,
built by tho government, nro liberating cultiva
tors from eternal worry over tho prospectB of
rain. Those changes aro taking placo with
startling rapidity..' Tho process la proceeding nt
a mall's paco, oo slowly that It Is hard for for
eigners to realize that tho traiiFltlon Is going on.
How over, each year moro nnd mora of tho Illiter
ate farmers aro sendng their sons and daugh
ters to school, nnd each year they show moro In
terest In tho demonstrations held on tho experi
ment farms, and display less opposition to Inno
vations. In a few districts tho advancement Is
already qulto marked. This Is especially true
of certain parts of tho Punjab the province of
the Five Rivers, situated In northwestern India
which are known as the Canal colonics. Thero
several million acres of land that twenty years
ago was barren waste, today have been con
verted, thanks to a marvelous Irrigation scheme,
Into an important grain-producing region, spread
ing the fame of India wheat far and wtdo In the
world.
The iry first farm that I visited In the col
onles during a recent tour vividly revealed tho
transformation of Indian rural condltlpns. In the
courtyard, shaded by a spreading Jujube tree,
stood a reaping machine. In a mud shed, erected
especially for the purpose of protecting tho farm
machinery, I wound four chilled-stool plows, two
of them made In the United States. On tho floor
of the low-roofed verandah the farmer's son, a
lad of about twelve, at the highest reckoning,
clad as Damn Nature had dressed him nt birth,
but for a scanty breech-clout, stood turning tho
wheel of n modern fodder-chopper, which cut
green charl (millet) In small shreds that fell
about him In a succulont shower.
After further travel and Investigation among
tho cultivators living round about Lyallpur, the
largest city In the erstwhile waterless wilder
ness, which now, In the wake of the water car
ried by the Chenab canal, has becomo a paradise
for farmers, I found that the cultivator whose
home 1 had first visited was not a whit more
enterprising than scores of others In tho district
who today are employing time and labor-saving
machinery to do all the work on their land. Wher
ever I west I found agriculturists galore who
owned their own steel plows, harrows, cultivators
an4 Improved fodder-choppers. Occasionally I
woull come across a reaper which was the prop
erty of a progressive Individual who profited by
renting It to bis neighbors at harvest time. At
one place I even found a steam thrashing ma
chine Many causes have combined to make the farm
ers In the Punjab colonies progressive. In the
first place they mora or less entirely have been
eut off from tbelr old moorings, and bave begun
life all over again In a strange locality. They
have left some of their ultra-conservatism behind
them la the congested Punjab from which they
balled, and the pioneer conditions that they
found confronting them In the new region di
vested them of some more of their Inborn reac
tion. The Lyallpur agricultural eiperlment farm,
located In the very beart of the settlebont, has
demonstrated to them the good results of deep
plowing with chilled-steel plows, and the advan
tage of using improved Implements Instead of
farming In the cumbersome, bungling, old-time
way. " A still more potent factor that Is encour
aging these farmers to use modern machinery
work ore nnd tho
high wages they de
mand. To begin
with, It never was
Intended that theso
colonics should be
como glutted with
nn over-population.
In order to guard
ugnlnst that the In
dividual holding wns
matlo about twenty
eight acrcB In area,
many times larger
than the nverngo
plot In other parts
of India, which is very small Indeed. Added to
this Is the fact that full work has been done by
tho bubonic plague, and tho population has been
ruthlessly thinned out. Ab a result thero con
stantly Is a dearth of laborers, especially at har
vest time. Then, too, during tho cotton senson
It Ib nrcessnry for tho many- ginning factories
which hnvo been established to coax to them
men, women and children who otherwise would
bo nvallablo for field work. This further shortens
tho labor supply on tho farms. Indeed, tho short
ago Is so grent that tho government Irrigation
department, which Is constructing suplomentary
cnnnla to bring moro water to tho Punjab colo
nies, finds It necossnry to employ mechanical ex
cavators, since coolies nro not to bo had for lovo
or money. In such n clrcumstanco It Is only
natural that wages should rlso, bo that tho land
owners find It moro prolltnblo to employ labor
saving machinery than hnnds.
Tho snmo causes which havo Induced the Pun
Jab colonies farmer to uso modern Implements
are persuading their brothers In other parts of the
country to tnko them up. Whenever ono thinks
of India ho has In mind Its teeming millions and
chenp scale of wages; but ho rarely remembers
that the prlco of labor hns risen a great deal
during tho past few years, and still la rising, com
pelling the wlao native to employ mechanical In
stead of manual help. Moreover, the agricultural
department, which maintains well-equipped experi
ment farms at the principal centers of India, and
schools and colleges, dotted all over tho land
where scientific agronomy is taught to the sons
have always looked down upon manual work, and
Issues popularly written literature for tho enlight
enment of the agricultural classes, also are ex
erting their Influenco to persuade tho cultivators
all over Urltlsh India to make use of modern Im
plements. Mnny of tho native states, too, are fol
lowing tho example of tho Urltlsh administration
and nro carrying on a similar propaganda for the
enlightenment of tho agriculturists. Thla Ib espe
cially true of Daroda nnd Mysore, two of the
largest territories under native rule. It Ib quite
natural therefore that the demand for farm ma
chinery should bo growing.
Since most Indian farmers are exceedingly poor
and cannot offhand afford expensive Implements,
they havo taken to clubbing together, sometimes
as mnny as ton of thom combining their resources
to buy a reaper; and in many Instances they are
not satisfied with this machine alono, but Indulge
In Improved machinery of other descriptions. In
the ccntrnl provinces agricultural associations
have been formed to Interest the tenantry in the
uso of up-to-dato methods. This means India's
salvation; for the Implements now In use on the
land are of tho crudest character Imaginable. The
plow is nothing moro than a crooked stick with a
blunt pleco of Iron fastened to the point. Tho
hnndlo stands up at right anglos, nnd by this tho
primitive shnro la laboriously guided aa It la
dragged through tho hard-baked earth by tho pa
tient bullocks. Tho cultivating Is dono with a
short-handled hoe, which can be used only when
tho worker Is squatting on his heels, and he wad
dles along at Ills task without rising. Tho corn
Is cut by a hand Blcklo and threshed out by tho
old-fashioned mothod of driving oxen over and
over It. Tho winnowing Is done by pouring the
grain out of small baskets held high above the
head by a man, either standing on the ground or
on a sort of step-ladder, the wind blowing away
the light chaff, whllo tho corn falls In a heap be
low. Fodder Is cut Into shreds with a small
handknlfo. Water is drawn from shallow wells
or rivers or ponds, sometimes by a "Persian
wheel" operated by one or two oxen, sometimes
by hand, sometimes by baskets let down and
quickly drawn up and emptied Into a shallow,
narrow channel which conducts It to the field.
In vlow of all thla, the adoption of modern lmpl
mcutB Is a move In the right direction.
SAFETY DURING STORM
Tho question of personal safety during a thun
der storm Is perhaps tho most Interesting to tho
majority of pcoplo. If In a building which Is Iso
lated In the open country or la hlghor than sur
rounding buildings In a group, avoid chimney or
other flues, open windows or drafts, especially
worm currents of nlr directly below a high tower
or flag polo, peak or anglo of tho structure, Is
tho warning given by tho writer In tho Now York
Sun. Keep away from overhead wires entering a
building although those aro generally protected
by lightning arresters, the currect Is not always
"arrested."
If In the open nvold trees, wire fences or poles,
and If you happen to be the most prominent ob
ject In the landBcnpo, as In an open field or on a
beach, do not raise a steel rod umbrella, or, In
fact, any umbrella, as you may become a living
lightning rod without an approved ground connec
tion. If you should happen to be caught In such
open space, with lightning discharges coming
close, as may be determined by the lessening In
tervals between flash and report, It la better to
lie flat on the ground and risk a soaking than to
offer a possible path for a discharge. Tho reason
for this Is that the body, being warm, offers a bet
ter conductor than the surrounding air, and only a
few feet rtno Is necessary to attract lightning on
flat ground.
Questions as to the action of lightning striking
a building are frequently asked, and are some
what difficult to answer without going Into a
lengthy discussion of the various kinds of dis
charges and othor matters of a more or less tech
nical nature Lot us, however, take the most
frequent caso, that of the ordinary "forked light
nlng," as Been at a dlstanco, which at closo range
becomes the blinding flash, with the accompany
ing Instantaneous crash, often causing disastrous
results to life and property. This discharge is
caused by a difference of potential between earth
and cloud. The one Is heavily charged with posi
tive electricity ,the other with negative, with the
nlr between acting as an Insulator. -If tho air
la sufficient to keep apart the two currents no
dlechargo will take place except from one cloud
to another. Now, as the storm moves on It comes
closer to the earth or meets some object in Ub
path which offers less resistance than tho air
inaybo a troe, polo, building, etc. Tho electrical
pressure is so great that the slight decrease in
resistance offered by such object is sufficient to
cnuso the current to Jump the Intervening space
and we have tho destructive discharge. This ex
planation will be clearer to those who have Been
the spark gap from coils used on automobiles.
Now let us assume- that Instead of tho object
before mentioned, such as a tree, pole, building,
etc., we have a perfect conductor of electricity, as
a steel building, steel tower or pole In electrical
contact with tho earth; tho current passes through
this Into the earth silently, the pressure is re
lieved and In the great majority of cases there is
no violent or explosive discharge.
Here Is whero the functton of the lightning rod
appears, similar to pipes tapping the tank and
drawing oft the water before dangerous pressure
is brought to bear on the tank. A properly con
structed lightning rod will, In tho vast majority
of cases, act In thla manner by silently discharg
ing the current from cloud to earth, thus .pre
venting the violent discharge which we call the
thunderbolt
ON THE QUIET.
"George Is leading rather a gay life, don't yon
think?"
"Oh, not to speak about."
"All right, I won't mention It." -Yale Record.
SOLICITUDE.
"Why do you suppose the cow Jumped ovet
the moon in the old nursery rhyme"
"I suppose It waslooklng for Its moon calf
MtTMTlONAL
SllNMSfllOOL
Lesson
(By B. O. 8i:M.nUS, Director of Even
tng Department Tho Moody nible In
tltute of Chicago.)
LESSON FOR AUGUST 31
I8RAEL AT SINAI.
LKSSON'TKXT-Ex. 19:1-6. 16-21.
GOLDEN TEXT "Let us have grace
whereby we may offer scrvlco wcll-pleos-IriR
to Clod wltti reverence and awe."
Heb. 12:28 It. V.
The securing of water at Mount Ho
reb, tho battle with the Amalekltes
nd the visit of Jethro, Moses' father-0n-law,
are tho intervening events be
tween this and last week's lesson. A
uuggestlon as to tho historicity of the
fexodus story le Indicated In verso 1
of tho lesson. "In tho third month,"
these are not tho words of an Impos
tor but of tho enreful historian. The
place, Mount Sinai, was a familiar one
to Moses. It was at tho base of this
range of mountains, "at the back of
tho desert," that ho had met and
.received his commission from God.
(Ex. 3:1-12; Acts 7:30. 38.) Let us
consider the entire chnpter.
The Highest Source.
I. "A peculiar treasure," vv. 1-0.
Thus far thero has beon no law to
guide tho Israelites except the word
of God by the mouth of tho prophet.
As a nation they must have laws and
tho proper time has now arrived to
promulgate those laws. Dut It is nec
essary to Impress the nation with the
source, the sacredneea and tho
strength of law. Its Bource la tho
highest God; Its sacrcdnesa la In tho
nature of its source God; Its strength
Is n the matter of their obedience.
"Moses went up" and "the- Lord
called." When wo seek the placo of
reparation from man and tho place
of seclusion with God wo may expect
to hear him calling us. (Jaa. 4:8.)
Once before God had called to Moses
in this placo (3:4) and Moses was
taken by surprise. Now It Is tlie man
of experience who Joyfully seeks the
Lord that ho may receive a message
for hia waiting people. God begins
by reminding him of hie nets In Egypt
and at the Red Sea (v. 4) and by hia
figure, "eagle's wings," ho empha
sizes the fact that nono else but Je
hovah wrought thla deliverance. Even
ns tho eagle bears lta young upon its
wings so has ho borne out of Egypt
this nation which Ib ns yet but a babo.
It 1b yet to be, however, his peculiar
treasure and upon one condition only
obedience. They aro to be a king
dom of prleets, persona with a right
access to God, spiritual sovereigns
and a holy nation set apart to pre
serve tho knowledge and worship of
God if thoy obey -his voice.
"A peculiar treasure," on the con
dition of obedience Israel was .his
peculiar people, how sad that they
over departed from that lofty privi
lege. In this present age It Is the
church which la called out to be a
chosen generation, a royal priesthood,
an holy nation and the people for
God's own possession. (I Poter 2:9,
10 R. V.; Tit. 2:14; Eph. 1:11 R. V.;
Rev. 1:6; 5:10; 20:6 R. V.)
II. A sanctified people, vv. 7-15.
That tho Israelites might believe
Moses forever, God was to come and
converso with him from a thick cloud.
Defore this took place, however, they
must cleanse themselves, set guards
about the mountain lest any draw too
near and be put to death (v. 12). God's
revelations to men are never made to
those who with lust In their hearts
cling to their Bins.
Trumpet Not Material.
III. A wonderful revelation, vv. It
25. God's descent was signalized by
every object of grandeur and awe
that Imagination can conceive. The
burning mountain suggests tho con
suming fire to the transgressors of
the' law about to be revealed. The
booming thunder and flashing light
ning amid the stillness of the wilder
nesfl would arouse universal attention,
and hns not the law thus attracted the
attention of ages? Tho enveloping
cloud reminds us of another moun
tain experlenco, see Matt. 17:5. The
trumpet emphasizes tho supernatural,
that it was other than a material
trumpet blown by human breath. Read
in connection with thla lesson Isa. 6.
Our God la not alone a God of love
but be la a being of Infinite majesty
and holiness, "a consuming flro," Heb.
12:29. Too often we have presented
an emasculated God; we need to em
phasise, In this day, both sides, of bis
character. At least two locations are
pointed out, each of sufficient area
to accommodate those gathered un
der Moses' leadership (v. 17). Though
he trembled (Heb. 12:21) yet he ap
proached with confidence, I John
3:21, this interview, with God. No
sooner had be gone a little way up
the mountain than he Is ordered to re
turn in order to keep the people from
breaking through the bounds to gaze,
vv. 21, 22.
Summary. The mnrmurings at Re
phldlm (ch. 17) seem Incredible so
soon after the song of Moses (ch. 15)
and the supply of manna (ch. 16),
yet how Boon darkness makes us for
get the brightness of bygone light, im
minent danger to forget previous de
liverance. Man alono cannot cope
with these emergencies; God alone
can provide. God's revelation and
declaration have In this dispensation
been repeated in almost identical lan
guage to the heavenly people, the
church of Christ. (I Pet 2:9. His
methods, though seemingly stern, are
those of grace and mercy.
HE CARRIED AN UMBRELLA.
A dear old lady who wob very "sot"
In her prejudices was asked Just why
she didn't like a certain man. She had
no particular reason that she could
think of at the Instant, but sho bad been
so-emphatic In her expression of dis
like that sho knew she would havo to
find somo excuse at once. Just at that
moment sho hnppened to glance out of
the window nnd saw him passing by.
Ho carried a neatly rolled umbrella
though it hardly threatened rain.
Quick as a flash she answered her
questioner, "Ho carries an umbrella
whether It's raining or not ho Is a
'softie.' "
"Rut," said her friend, also looking
out of the window, "here comes your
son William, and ho is carrying an um
brella." This ofd not stump the old lady. "But
that's another matter I don't like him
anyhow nnd besides, It all dopends on
who carries the umbrella," she replied
triumphantly.
That Ib the position some people havo
taken regarding that wholesome and
refreshing beverage Coca-Cola. They
havo said a good many unkind things
about It and In each Instance have had
It proved to thom that their tales were
not true.
Finally they seized upon the fact that
Coca-Cola gets much of Its refreshing
dellclouEness from tho small bit of caf
feine that It contains. They looked upon
that as a splendid argument against it.
Then, liko the old lady who was remind
ed of son William, they were reminded
thnt It is the caffeine in their favorite
beverages, tea and coffee, (even moro
than In Coca-Cola) that gives them
their refreshing and sustaining quali
ties. Dut doea that stop their criticism of
Coca-Cola for containing caffeine? No
their answer is similar to the old
lady's they say "Uut that's another
mntter" what they mean is "Being
prejudiced against Coca-Cola and lik
ing tea or coffee, It all dopends on
whnt carries tho caffeine" ,
We think the Joke la on thom for
caffeine. Ib caffeine, and If it is not
harmful In one it can't bo harmful in
another. Wo all know that It is not
harmful In tea or coffee that It la
really helpful in whatever It Is this
Is bound to Include Coca-Cola.
Of course, tho truth Is, that having
started an attack on false premises and
having had what they thought were
good reasons for criticism proved to
be no reasons at all, thoy are grasping
at an excuse which does not exist, to
explain a prejudice. So you see, after
all, It all depends on who carries the
umbrella to people who are determined
to be unfair. Let ua be fair. Adv.
Gets Clogged.
"Has your friend Scriblcts an easy
flowing style?"
"Not bo much ns formerly. Ho'i
using a fountain pen now."
Mrs.WlnBlow'fl fjoothlntr Syrup for ChllJrn
tcctbliiK, HOftens the ruiuh, reduces Imlutuma
lou.allays palu.curea wind college a botUe.U
When you see watermelons selling
at GO cents each you almost wish you
had stolen moro when you wero a boy.
"Back on
the Job"
again and very quickly,
too, if you will only let
Hostetter's Stomach Bit
ters help the digestion to
become normal, keep
the liver active and the
bowels free from consti
pation. These are abso
lutely necessary in order
to maintain health. Try
it today but be sure it's
HOSTETTER'S
Stomach Bitters
bbbbbbKxW aBBsl
PARKER'S
HAIR BALSAM
i toilet preparation of merlL
iiwacraairaiauiaruir.
I ForRMtoriac Color and
Beauty to Gra v or Fad ad Hair.
60c. ana $I.C0 at DrmrUta.
Nebraska Directory
OIL STORAGE TANKS
5,000 to 1,000 ft-allon capacity.
WILSON STEAM BOILER CO., Omaha
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nkkMirHlfen4 Wm u Ua
two. niJHT DiriUTaian.
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my. Biblical, School of Bkluoa
tlnn, Medicine, Music, Riprec
Ion and Art Well-equlppaa
Uboraiorlea and food library.
Tuition low. Board at Co I lew
Hall at IB 36 a week. raU Dea
fer open (September 16. for
iree catalog wnie
rM
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Wim 0Kkfir, CiiKtlUr, geikeiir (tltuli). flak.
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GREEN GABLES
Tin Dr. Bsj. F. Baltey Saaaterlus
Lincoln, Nebraska
Its brick and stons buildings so taste
fully furnished and thoroughly equipped,
In the beautiful park of 23 acres, with
staff of experience and a nursing corps
of unusual merit, offers you moat per
feet hospital results, yet always pre
serves the atmosphere of a delightful
I country HOME. Write for particulars.
i
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